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  • Physics  (555)
  • 1970-1974  (555)
  • 1972  (555)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoelastic studies of polymers and copolymers in the rubbery state (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 51-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Photoelastic investigations have been carried out on a number of polymers in the crosslinked rubbery state. These include cis-polyisoprene, two polybutadienes of different structural configurations, an ethylene-propylene terpolymer, and a range of styrene - butadiene copolymers. From the measured values of stress-optical coefficients, together with calculated values of the optical anisotropies of the monomer units in the chain (based on Denbigh's values of bond polarizabilities), estimates are made of the number of monomer units in the equivalent random link (of the Kuhn-Grün theory) for the polymeric chains considered. Further, from a study of the temperature dependence of the stress-optical coefficient, the temperature dependence of the lenght of the equivalent random link, and hence of the statistical length of the chain, is derived. The interpretation of the temperature dependence data is discussed in a semiquantitative manner in terms of internal energy differences between different rotational states.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100105
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain structure and bulk properties of solvent-cast films of A-B-A block copolymers of styrene-isoprene-styrenePresented at the 19th Annual Meeting of the Society of Polymer Science Japan, Tokyo, May 22, 1970. (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 101-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Domain structures of solvent-cast films of A-B-A block copolymers of styrene-isoprene-styrene were studied by electron microscopy by use of the OsO4 fixation technique. The effects of varying proportions of the two components and the casting solvent upon the domain structures were examined. It is concluded that the domain formation mechanism can be discussed like that of A-B block copolymers irrespective of sequence arrangements, as Matsuo et al. suggested, by treating A-B-A or B-A-B block copolymers as A-(1/2)B or B-(1/2)A block copolymers. The five types of fundamental domain structures - spherical domains of component A in a matrix of component B, rodlike domains of A in a matrix of B, alternating lamellae of the two components, rodlike domains of B in a matrix of A, and spherical domains of B in a matrix of A - are achieved mainly by the change of the fractional composition of the two components for a given solvent. One of the most significant features of the A-B-A block copolymers in contrast to the A-B block copolymers, i.e., that A-B-A chains can interconnect two A domains, was explored by investigating (1) the swelling behavior in a solvent that is a good one for isoprene but a nonsolvent for styrene and (2) mechanical behavior above the glass transition temperature of the styrene segments.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100108
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic properties of crosslinked solutions of poly(2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate) in diethylene glycol. VI. Comparison with poly(butyl methacrylate) and poly(butyl acrylate) networks crosslinked to very low degreesPaper presented at the IUPAC Symposium, Leyden 1970. (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 345-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: On the basis of our own experimental and some literature data, the contributions of slow relaxation mechanisms to the shear modulus, (GeN  -  Ge), and the parameter C2 of the Mooney-Rivlin equation have been examined for lightly crosslinked poly(butyl methacrylate), poly(butyl acrylate), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and some rubber networks. For the rubbers, increasing degree of crosslinking caused a decrease in GeN  -  Ge and an increase in C2; for the other networks, both GeN  -  Ge and C2 diminished with increasing crosslinking. The effectiveness of the crosslinking polymerization, and also the absolute values of the physical crosslinking degree, decreased in the order of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(butyl methacrylate), and poly(butyl acrylate). The values of the equilibrium compliances J of the networks studied, obtained by various methods, have also been compared, and good agreement has been found.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100214
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell dimensions of the cellulose II model compound, β-cellotetraose (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 375-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100217
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation between the refractive index increment and the density increment of binary mixtures: Application to the determination of partial specific volumes of polymers in solution (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 519-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Starting from the Lorentz-Lorenz equation, Heller, a few years ago, advanced a method for calculating the partial specific volume of a substance in a dilute solution from the refractive index increment of the solution and the specific refraction of the solute. It is shown that this method, based on graphical extrapolation, can be considerably simplified. Further, a method is indicated by which the partial specific volume of a substance over the whole range of concentrations can be calculated in an analogous manner. The method is checked and elucidated with reference to some experimental examples.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100308
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 549-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The structures of copolymers of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene have been studied by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and x-ray diffraction techniques. Copolymers varying in ethylene composition from 80 to 50 mole-% were prepared at a number of different temperatures with a peroxide catalyst system. Compositions of 50/50 mole ratio were found to be semicrystalline and to have melting points as high as 241°C. These materials were found to be copolymers with a high degree of one-to-one alternation. They were similar in structure to 1:1 copolymers which had been reported previously by other workers who used a triethylboron catalyst system. The x-ray evidence indicated that the copolymers prepared with the peroxide catalysts were not stereoregular. A hexagonal unit cell with a theoretical density of 1.70 g/cc was determined for the alternating one-to-one copolymer by x-ray techniques. A value of 262°C was determined for the melting point of the theoretical 100% alternating one-to-one copolymer. Values of ΔHƒ = 4500 cal/mole and ΔSƒ = 8.4 cal/deg-mole were also calculated for the alternating 1:1 copolymer. The preferred conformation of the material appears to be a “kinked” structure with the crystalline phase having ethylene units in one chain lining up opposite chlorotrifluoroethylene units in the adjacent chain. Polar association which can occur between fluorine and hydrogen atoms in this arrangement may account in part for the relatively high melting point of the alternating one-to-one copolymers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100311
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture of tendon collagenPaper presented at the Symposium on Mechano-Chemistry of Polymers, American Chemical Society National Meeting, Washington, D.C., September 16, 1971. (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 577-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A study of rat-tail tendon fibers, about 200 μ in diameter, by scanning electron microscopy of fractured specimens reveals that these crimped fibers are largely made up of cylindrical units, about 10 μ in diameter. These, in turn, are made up of the well-known collagen fibrils, ca. 0.1 μ in diameter, which have been observed previously by transmission electron microscopy and small-angle x-ray diffraction. Both the 10-μ and 0.1-μ cylindrical units were found to be arranged parallel to the macroscopic fiber axis rather than helically about it, as has been often proposed in the past. Significant improvement in resolution of the fracture surfaces was obtained by dehydration of the tendon. Microscopy of undehydrated tendon fibers undergoing solubilization by dilute aqueous acetic acid confirmed the results obtained by fractography.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100401
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical study of a conjugated reaction-center model of anionic acetylene polymerization (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 615-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The energy of the ground state, charge distribution, and bond orders were calculated by a MO method in the SCF-CNDO/2 approximation for various configurations of the monomer, dimer, and trimer model of both the associated and dissociated reaction center of an anionic acetylene polymerization. According to the results of these calculations, cooperation of π and σ bonds leads to a charge delocalization which increases with growing chain length and is the reason for kinetic deactivation of the center. Propagation is stopped, probably by a cooperative effect of the kinetic and thermodynamic factors.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100405
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure analysis of chain-folded lamellar polyamide crystals from X-ray diffraction (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 863-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Folded-chain crystals of certain polyamides present some novel diffraction effects due to the small number of repeat units within the lamellar thickness. X-ray diffraction evidence is available in the complete range from low to wide angles. This information is interpreted in terms of the structure factor of an individual lamella together with the lattice factor appropriate for the stacking of lamellae. When due account is taken of the lattice factor, whose effect can be detected even at large angles, three features of the lamellar structure can be deduced. First, the evidence is in favor of the straight-chain stems traversing almost the total thickness of each lamella, implying sharp folds at the lamellar surfaces. Some consequences of this result on the interpretation of data obtained from annealed mats are mentioned. Second, the detailed determination of the stem structure demands that the majority of the folds in nylon 66 lie in the acid group. Third, there are regions of depleted electron density at the lamellar surfaces, though features of the crystal structure are still retained. This indicates the presence of some folds deeper in the crystal than the majority.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100508
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct analysis of small-angle equatorial x-ray scattering from fibrous systems. II. Methods of extracting physical parameters describing the scattering system (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 919-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Small-angle equatorial x-ray scattering from fibrous systems is often complicated by the effects of morphological organization and/or heterogeneities as well as by macromolecular structure and organization influencing this same region of scattering space. In previous work it was shown that closed form mathematical expressions could be obtained for the Patterson function, without prior assumptions about the scattering system, when the intensity data were purposely truncated. In this paper the use of these expressions to extract the physical parameters describing the scattering system is demonstrated by application to a model system. The expressions are also expanded to include lattice distortions and long range coherency. A second approach is presented for cases when the coherence is small, and finally the use of higher-resolution data is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100512
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