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  • Articles  (64,349)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (64,349)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-02-15
    Print ISSN: 0034-0111
    Electronic ISSN: 1869-4179
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-02-17
    Description: KurzfassungDieser Beitrag behandelt das Thema der urbanen Neubaugebiete aus zwei spezifischen Perspektiven: Zum einen geht es nicht primär um das Wohnen, sondern um Wissenschaft und Forschung als Rahmenthema der Stadterweiterung, insbesondere Hochschulstandorte und Wissenschaftsparks. Zum anderen geht es um die Analyse städtischer Management- und Governance-Praktiken, vor allem die Herauslösung großer Vorhaben aus dem üblichen Kontext der Stadtplanung. Zentral ist hier die Definition dieser Vorhaben als „Projekt“ und ihre Unterordnung unter einen spezifischen Steuerungsansatz. Im Kontext der Diskussion von Großprojekten und urbaner Governance ist die These dieses Beitrags, dass sich Projekte umso mehr als Fremdkörper in der Stadtplanung entfalten können (und damit das Ziel auf urbane Integration unterlaufen), umso weniger sie Gegenstand bewährter Planungsprozesse und regulatorischer Praktiken sind. Zur empirischen Illustration dieses Arguments dient die Wissenschaftsstadt Belval im Süden Luxemburgs, die seit 2003 realisiert wird und deren Entwicklung hier kritisch analysiert wird. Als generelle Schlussfolgerungen werden planerische Anforderungen an den Umgang mit großen Neubauvorhaben formuliert.
    Print ISSN: 0034-0111
    Electronic ISSN: 1869-4179
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-09-01
    Description: The paper describes a mathematical and physical modelling of flow of complex slurries in pipelines, i.e. a flow of slurries composed of solids covering a very broad range of particle sizes that overlaps more than one flow patterns – non-Newtonian, pseudohomogeneous, heterogeneous and fully-stratified. A typical examples are residual products (“tailings”) from mining industry with normal average particle sizes of 20 to 100 μm or more. Experimental results of flows of complex slurries composing of non-Newtonian carrier fluid and three fractions of glass particles in 50 mm pipe are presented. Depending on the particle size, particles show different flow patterns and therefore considerable differences in pressure drops. Fine particles tend behave as a homogeneous matter, while coarser particles exhibit heterogeneous behaviour and even coarser particles form a sliding bed. A mathematical 3-component predictive model for turbulent flow of complex slurries is presented based on well-established semi-empirical formulae developed originally for flows with Newtonian carrier. The predicted values of pressure drops show very reasonable agreement with experimental results and indicate suitability of the model for engineering practice.
    Electronic ISSN: 0042-790X
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-03-28
    Description: KurzfassungNeuartige Sanitärsysteme zielen auf eine ressourcenorientierte Verwertung von Abwasser ab. Erreicht werden soll dies durch die separate Erfassung von Abwasserteilströmen. In den Fachöffentlichkeiten der Wasserwirtschaft und Raumplanung werden neuartige Sanitärsysteme als ein geeigneter Ansatz für die zukünftige Sicherung der Abwasserentsorgung in ländlichen Räumen betrachtet. Die Praxistauglichkeit dieser Systeme wurde zwar in Forschungsprojekten nachgewiesen, bisher erschweren jedoch für Abwasserentsorger vielfältige Risiken die Einführung einer ressourcenorientierten Abwasserbewirtschaftung. Ausgehend von einer Untersuchung der Kontexte bei der Umsetzung eines neuartigen Sanitärsystems im ländlichen Raum Thüringens wird in diesem Beitrag der Frage nachgegangen, wie auf Landesebene mit dem abwasserwirtschaftlichen Instrumentarium die Einführung von ressourcenorientierten Systemansätzen unterstützt werden kann. Zentrale Elemente des Beitrags sind die Darstellung der wesentlichen Transformationsrisiken in Bezug auf die Einführung innovativer Lösungsansätze, eine Erläuterung der spezifischen abwasserwirtschaftlichen Instrumente sowie die Darlegung von Steuerungsansätzen, mit denen die Einführung von neuartigen Sanitärsystemen gefördert werden kann. Im Ergebnis wird die Realisierbarkeit von neuartigen Sanitärsystemen durch den strategischen Einsatz des Instrumentariums deutlich, gleichwohl die Wasserwirtschaft durch die Erweiterung der bisherigen Systemgrenzen auf die Kooperation mit anderen Bereichen der Daseinsvorsorge angewiesen ist.
    Print ISSN: 0034-0111
    Electronic ISSN: 1869-4179
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-02-04
    Print ISSN: 0034-0111
    Electronic ISSN: 1869-4179
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-08-24
    Description: In this study, the effect of thermo-mechanical densification on the density, hardness, compression strength, bending strength (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of fir and aspen wood pretreated with water repellents was analyzed. Wood specimens were impregnated with paraffin, linseed oil and styrene after pre-vacuum treatment. Then, the impregnated wood specimens were densified with compression ratios of 20 and 40%, and at 120, 150 and 180 °C. The results indicated that the density, hardness and strength properties of the all densified specimens (untreated and impregnated) increased depending on the compression ratio and temperature. For all tested properties, higher increases were obtained in the paraffin and styrene pretreated specimens compared to untreated samples. However, the increase rates in linseed oil pretreated specimens were generally lower than untreated specimens. Regarding water repellents the most successful results in all tested properties were determined in styrene pretreated specimens. The density, hardness and strength properties of all specimens increased with the increase in compression ratio. On the other hand, the increase in the compression temperature negatively affects the properties of untreated and linseed oil pretreated specimens, while having a generally positive effect on the properties of paraffin pretreated specimens. However, all tested properties of styrene pretreated specimens have increased significantly due to the increase in compression temperature. The increasing strength properties of wood as a result of densification have increased much more with paraffin and especially styrene pretreatment. These combinations can be considered as an important potential for applications that require more hardness and strength.
    Print ISSN: 0018-3830
    Electronic ISSN: 1437-434X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-03-04
    Print ISSN: 0034-0111
    Electronic ISSN: 1869-4179
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-02-17
    Description: KurzfassungEine Steuerung der Siedlungsentwicklung, die dem Flächensparziel verpflichtet ist, erfordert ein genaues Monitoring. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt, wie die Flächenneuinanspruchnahme für Siedlungs- und Verkehrszwecke mit verschiedenen Planverfahren in Deutschland zusammenhängt. Am Beispiel 30 repräsentativ ausgewählter Gemeinden wurde empirisch ermittelt, in welchem Maße Bund, Länder und Gemeinden zur Flächeninanspruchnahme beitragen. Das Ergebnis dieser Untersuchungen zeigt, dass rund zwei Drittel der Flächenneuinanspruchnahme durch Gemeinden im Rahmen ihrer kommunalen Planungen verursacht werden. Sonstige Entwicklungen, die zum Beispiel aus Planfeststellungsverfahren resultieren und von Bund und Ländern getrieben sind, tragen zu einem Drittel der Flächeninanspruchnahme bei. Der relativ hohe Anteil nicht kommunal veranlasster Flächenneuinanspruchnahmen war so nicht erwartet worden. Das Ergebnis zeigt, dass Flächensparbemühungen auf allen Raum- und Planungsebenen erforderlich sind, um die Nachhaltigkeitsziele zu erreichen. Derartige Untersuchungen benötigen flächendeckende und laufend aktualisierte Geometriegrundlagen zur tatsächlichen Flächennutzung. Nur so sind Veränderungen der Flächennutzung realistisch und zeitnah messbar und eine Überprüfung der Wirkungen der Flächensteuerung möglich. Die laufenden methodisch bedingten Veränderungen in der Flächenerfassung (Geodatenmodellierung, Flächennutzungsnomenklatur) und deren zeitversetzte und unterschiedliche Umsetzung in den Bundesländern beeinträchtigen allerdings das Flächennutzungsmonitoring.
    Print ISSN: 0034-0111
    Electronic ISSN: 1869-4179
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-09-01
    Description: Rock dwelling organisms (lithobionts) such as cyanobacteria (prokaryotes) and chlorolichens (eukaryotes) abound in the Negev Desert, where they cover almost all calcareous bedrocks and rock particles (cobbles, boulders). In a small limestone watershed in the Negev Highlands, cyanobacteria inhabit the south-facing (SF) bedrocks, epilithic lichens (accompanied by endolithic lichens) inhabit the north-facing (NF) bedrocks, while endolithic lichens cover most of the cobbles and boulders in both aspects. In order to study their contribution to runoff water, a pair of runoff plots was established on habitats with cyanobacteria, endolithic lichens, and epilithic lichens. Rain and runoff were collected during the hydrological year 2006/07, and the chemical composition (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4, HCO3, Si) of the rain and runoff water was analyzed. Several patterns were observed: (a) as indicated by Si, more dust accumulated on the bedrocks; (b) all substrates exhibited high amounts of Ca, and HCO3; (c) while SF-bedrocks showed enrichment in K, both bedrocks (and especially the NF bedrocks), as well as the NF boulders showed an enrichment in Mg. While the enrichment in Ca and HCO3 can be explained by the contribution of the limestone parent material, the enrichment in K and Mg can be explained by the contribution of the living lithobionts, with K being mainly contributed by the cyanobacteria and Mg mainly by the epilithic lichens. Ion enrichment may therefore be aspect-dependent, reflecting the lithobiont distribution within the drainage basin, partially explaining the enrichment in K and Mg previously recorded in runoff water from the Negev.
    Electronic ISSN: 0042-790X
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-09-01
    Description: Sand burial is a ubiquitous disturbance that influences the ecological and hydrological properties of moss crusts in many sandy desert areas. There is little available information regarding the effect of sand burial on the water repellency (WR) of moss crusts in desert areas. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of sand burial (sand depths of 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 10 mm) followed by three simulated precipitation regimes (through applying 4 and 6 mm, 2 and 3 mm, and 1 and 1.5 mm of distilled water at 8-day intervals in spring and autumn, respectively) on the WR of a widespread moss crust dominated by Bryum argenteum Hedw. in a revegetated area of the Tengger Desert, China. The results showed moss crust WR remained subcritical during the whole experiment, and that it considerably decreased immediately after sand burial, even though the values of WR were significantly higher in autumn than those in spring under the same treatment (p 〈 0.05). Furthermore, the depth threshold (TD) values for sand burials that reduced WR to zero were 1 and 2 mm in spring and autumn, respectively. After a recovery period of nearly one-season (72 days), the WR of the moss crust significantly increased (p 〈 0.05). In addition, sand burial had two separate effects on moss crust WR. Specifically, shallower sand burial (burial depth less than 0.5 mm) increased moss crust WR, whereas deeper sand burial (burial depth exceeds 0.5 mm) decreased it. The TD values also significantly increased to 2 and 4 mm in spring and autumn, respectively. These findings about the effects of sand burial on moss crust WR provide additional information that can be used to better understand the influence of sand burial on moss crust colonization and maintenance in arid sand-burial-stressed ecosystems, and to help explain why there are some contrasting viewpoints on biocrust WR.
    Electronic ISSN: 0042-790X
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Natural Sciences in General
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