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  • Other Sources  (104,186)
  • NASA Technical Reports  (104,186)
  • 1980-1984  (54,298)
  • 1975-1979  (49,888)
Collection
  • Other Sources  (104,186)
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  • 1
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    Guidelines for assessment and control of noise (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-17
    Description: There is an obvious need for guidelines and standards with respect to what intensities and durations of noise exposure is considered incompatible with the health and well-being of the people exposed. These guidelines would presumably be useful for the zoning of land areas to avoid overexposure of people to environmental noise and for legislative-judicial adjudication of liabilities for possible damages to individuals and groups from exposure to noise. A number of guidelines for noise exposure were promulgated by various governmental agencies for these purposes. Partly because of the need for an integrated and consistent program of noise control for all elements of the government, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established. In addition to previously issuing some specific documents regarding safe noise exposure limits, the EPA joined several Federal operating and regulatory agencies in issuing guidelines for considering noise in land use planning and control. Government guideline documents, as well as some issued by non-government agencies, are examined. Also, newly proposed guidelines for noise in residential areas, and the scientific basis for these guidelines, are presented.
    Keywords: ACOUSTICS
    Type: Physiol., Psychol., and Social Effects of Noise; p 607-646
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Astronautics (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-17
    Description: Principles of rocket engineering, flight dynamics, and trajectories are discussed in this summary of Soviet rocket development and technology. Topics include rocket engine design, propellants, propulsive efficiency, and capabilities required for orbital launch. The design of the RD 107, 108, 119, and 214 rocket engines and their uses in various satellite launches are described. NASA's Saturn 5 and Atlas Agena launch vehicles are used to illustrate the requirements of multistage rockets.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Soviet Aircraft and Rockets (NASA-TT-F-770); p 198-271
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Solar Energy Economics Revisited: The Promise and Challenge of Orbiting Reflectors for World Energy Supply (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-17
    Description: A system of orbiting, large-area, low mass density reflector satellites which provide nearly continuous solar energy to a world-distributed set of conversion sites is examined under the criteria for any potential new energy system: technical feasibility, significant and renewable energy impact, economic feasibility and social/political acceptability. Although many technical issues need further study, reasonable advances in space technology appear sufficient to implement the system. The enhanced insolation is shown to greatly improve the economic competitiveness of solar-electric generation to circa 1995 fossil/nuclear alternatives. The system is shown to have the potential for supplying a significant fraction of future domestic and world energy needs. Finally, the environmental and social issues, including a means for financing such a large shift to a world solar energy dependence, is addressed.
    Keywords: Energy Production and Conversion
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  • 4
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    Aircraft Energy Efficiency (ACEE) status report (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-17
    Description: Fuel efficiency in aeronautics, for fuel conservation in general as well as for its effect on commercial aircraft operating economics is considered. Projects of the Aircraft Energy Efficiency Program related to propulsion are emphasized. These include: (1) engine component improvement, directed at performance improvement and engine diagnostics for prolonged service life; (2) energy efficient engine, directed at proving the technology base for the next generation of turbofan engines; and (3) advanced turboprop, directed at advancing the technology of turboprop powered aircraft to a point suitable for commercial airline service. Progress in these technology areas is reported.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Aeropropulsion 1979; p 1-58
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  • 5
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    Medical care of spacecrews, (Medical care, equipment, and prophylaxis) (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-17
    Description: Treatment and prevention of the physiologic problems of spacecrews are discussed. Preflight procedures, inflight monitoring and medication, and postflight examination are described. Specific factors covered include: medical screening and astronaut selection; health stabilization and exposure prevention; preflight medical examinations and training; biomedical data; medical kits; diagnosis and treatment; and implications of postflight findings.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA, Washington Found. of Space Biol. and Med., Vol. 3; p 345-371
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  • 6
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    Space flight experience with the Shuttle Orbiter control system (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-17
    Description: Experience gained through the Shuttle Orbital Flight Test program has matured the engineering understanding of the Shuttle on-orbit control system. The geneology of the control systems (called digital autopilots, or DAPs, and used by the Shuttle for on-orbit operations) is reviewed, the flight experience gained during the flight test program is examined within the context of preflight analysis and test results, and issues for the operational phase of the Shuttle, including constraints upon both operations and analysis still required to increase confidence in the Shuttle's ability to handle capabilities not experienced during the flight test program are addressed. Two orbital autopilots have resulted from computer memory and time constraints on a flight control system, with many different, flight phase unique requirements. The transition DAP, used for insertion and deorbit, has more active sensors and redundancy but a less complex data processing scheme excluding state estimation with fewer choices of operational mode.
    Keywords: LAUNCH VEHICLES AND SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Large Space Antenna Systems Technol., Pt. 2; p 949-967
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  • 7
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    Oxidation kinetics and soot formation (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The research objective is to clarify the role of aromaticity in the soot nucleation process by determining the relative importance of phenyl radical/molecular oxygen and benzene/atomic oxygen reactions in the complex combustion of aromatic compounds. Three sets of chemical flow reactor experiments have been designed to determine the relative importance of the phenyl radical/molecular oxygen and benzene/atomic oxygen reactions. The essential elements of these experiments are 1) the use of cresols and anisole formed during the high temperature oxidation of toluene as chemical reaction indicators; 2) the in situ photolysis of molecular oxygen to provide an oxygen atom perturbation in the reacting aromatic system; and 3) the high temperature pyrolysis of phenol, the cresols and possibly anisole.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center, Oxidation Kinetics and Soot Formation: Research Review; p 29-33
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  • 8
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    Shock tube studies of soot formation (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The objective of this research is to record the time histories of the major and minor species which appear in the pyrolysis of toluene, benzene, butadiene, allene, and acetylene; to develop a set of reactions that will model the observed profiles over a wide temperature and concentration range; to identify the critical reactions that influence the pre-particle soot formation process. Toluene and benzene were chosen as two key aromatic compounds which are representative of the pyrolytic process. Butadiene, allene, and acetylene were selected to investigate the formation of aromatic compounds from non-cyclic species. The experimental apparatus used for the study consists of a shock tube coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer Spectra are recorded at 30 microsecond intervals for a total observation time of 0.50 - 1.20 milliseconds. Peak heights of the species of interest in the m/e range 12-300 are measured as a function of reaction time. Calibration curves are constructed which aid the conversion of peak heights to concentrations. The mixtures range from 1 percent-6 percent fuel; the balance is neon diluent.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center, Oxidation Kinetics and Soot Formation: Research Review; p 43-46
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  • 9
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    Role of the hydroxyl radical in soot formation (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The goal of this project is to determine the role of the hydroxyl radical during formation of soot. Correlations will be sought between OH concentration and (1) the critical equivalence ratio for incipient soot formation and (2) soot yield as a function of higher equivalence ratios. The ultimate aim is the development of a quasi-global kinetic model for the pre-particulate chemistry leading to soot nucleation. Hydroxyl radical concentration profiles are measured directly in both laminar premixed and diffusion flames using the newly developed technique, laser saturated fluorescence (LSF). This method is capable of measuring OH in the presence of soot particles. Aliphatic and aromatic fuels will be used to assess the influence of fuel type on soot formation. The influence of flame temperature on the critical equivalence ratio and soot yield will be related to changes in the OH concentration profiles. LSF measurements will be augmented with auxiliary measurements of soot and PAH concentrations to allow the development of a quasi-global model for soot formation.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center, Oxidation Kinetics and Soot Formation: Research Review; p 19-21
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  • 10
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    Shock tube study of the fuel molecular structure effects on the chemical kinetic mechanisms for soot formation (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The objective of this research effort is to investigate the gas-phase mechanisms which lead to soot formation in the combustion of complex hydrocarbon fuels. The fuel decomposition is studied under pyrolytic and oxidative conditions behind incident shock waves, using various optical diagnostics to monitor particle appearance and the behavior of gas phase species. In particular, we are investigating: (1) improved quantification of UV/visible soot yield measurements using infrared attenuation and emission techniques; (2) spectral characteristics of gas-phase emission and absorption in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared; and (3) a conceptual view of the chemical pathways for fuel decomposition and the gas-phase reactions leading to soot formation.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center, Oxidation Kinetics and Soot Formation: Research Review; p 1-5
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