ALBERT

Description: Ensemble of MPI-ESM1-2-HR CMIP6 historical simulations with low-pass filtered solar and ozone variability (i.e., using a 33-years running-mean). The simulations are performed within the BMBF project "Solar contribution to climate change on decadal to centennial timescales" (SOLCHECK) of the "Role of the middle atmosphere in climate" (ROMIC II: https://romic2.iap-kborn.de/en/romic/strategy). The experimental setup is identical to the MPI-ESM1-2-HR historical CMIP6 simulations except for the solar and ozone variability.

Description: This is an atmospheric hourly hindcast for the German Bight using COSMO-CLM version 5.00_clm2 from 1948-August 2015 (http://www.cosmo-model.org/content/model/documentation/core/default.htm). The model uses a rotated grid with 250 x 180 grid points and a grid point distance of 0.025 degrees, the rotated North pole is located at 172.97 W, 34.925 N. The forcing is coastDat2 doi:10.1594/WDCC/coastDat-2_COSMO-CLM . In rotated coordinates the model area extends from 2.25 W to 2.25 E, 3.125 S to 3.125 N, in geographical coordinates this corresponds to about 1.3 E to 12.8 E, 52.7 N to 57.3 N.

Description: This directory (experiment) contains volcanic SO2 data derived from limb viewing satellites for the lower stratosphere from 1998 to 2012. The usage of the data is described in Timmreck et al., (2018), datasets VolcDB1 and VolcDB1_3D. We provide 3D-plumes of observed volume mixing ratio perturbations in the lower stratosphere / upper troposphere typically derived from 10-day periods as nc-files and integrated values of injected SO2 mass with peak latitudes and altitudes as Fortran formatted ascii files (A11,5(1X,I3),I4,4(1X,I3),5(1X,I2),I3,4(1X,I2)) for at maximum 5 events at one time. Instead of A11 I2,I5,I5 can be used to read in the components of time. The data from Dec. 1997 to Jan. 2002 are based on L2-files of SAGE II (V7.0) provided by the NASA DAAC (Thomason et al., 2008). The data from Jul. 2002 to Mar. 2012 use the updated 5-day time series of MIPAS (Hoepfner et al., 2015), supplemented by SO2 derived from GOMOS extinctions (Bingen et al., 2017, with a corresponding table). SO2volc3D_pap_T42L90r.nc: 3D SO2 for 131 events in T42L90 resolution (ECHAM-grid in grid_T42L90.nc) surface to about 80km).. SO2volc3D_pap_T63L90r.nc: same in T63L90 resolution (ECHAM-grid in grid_T63L90.nc). Here a downscaling by 0.7 for low latitude eruptions is recommended because of less removal by overshooting convection (The data in the T42 file and in the table in Bingen et al 2017 were upscaled within the measurement uncertainty to overcome the model artifact in low resolution, this applies only for the ENVISAT part from Jul. 2002 on). Latitude from South to North, for use with ECHAM please reverse. The levels on the hybrid-grid in the grid files are defined as lev(x,y,z)=hyam(z)+hybm(z)*apsave(x,y), in Pa (apsave annual average of surface pressure or orography). Volcano_or_region_echam_merged_dd_mm_yyyy.txt: integrated SO2 mass injected (in kt), SAGE and ENVISAT period. The postscript-file is an example on the T42 grid, the *doc-file includes the volcano names for the data in the *.txt Files, see also http://wwww.volcano.si.edu (Smithsonian volcano database). AEROCOM-DIEHL_UMZ1_tropo11.nc: Fluxes from outgassing volcanoes in the troposphere (below 200hPa), taken from AEROCOM (Diehl, 2012; Caution, filled with odd climatology after 2009, monthly, beginning in Jan. 1950) AEROCOM-DIEHL_1297-0312_tropo11.nc: Subset beginning Dec. 1997.

Description: Source code of the Max Planck Institute atmospheric general circulation model (ECHAM6) adopted to the project PalMod for the concurrent execution of radiative transfer on HPC-systems.

Description: The LUCAS LUC future dataset consists of annual land use and land cover maps from 2016 to 2100. It is based on land cover data from the LANDMATE PFT dataset for the year 2015. The LANDMATE PFT consists of 16 plant functional types and non-vegetated classes that were converted from the ESA-CCI LC land cover data according to the method of Reinhart et al. (2021). The land use change information from the Land-Use Harmonization Data Set version 2 (LUH2 v2.1f, Hurtt et al. 2020) were imposed using the land use translator developed by Hoffmann et al. (2021). The projected land use change information was derived for different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) combinations used in the framework of the 6th phase of Coupled Modelling Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). For each year, a map is provided that contains 16 fields. Each field holds the fraction the respective plant functional types and non-vegetated classes in the total grid cell (0-1). The LUCAS LUC dataset was constructed within the HICSS project LANDMATE and the WCRP flagship pilot study LUCAS to meet the requirements of downscaling experiments within EURO-CORDEX. Plant functional types and non-vegetated classes: 1 - Tropical broadleaf evergreen trees 2 - Tropical deciduous trees 3 - Temperate broadleaf evergreen trees 4 - Temperate deciduous trees 5 - Evergreen coniferous trees 6 - Deciduous coniferous trees 7 - Coniferous shrubs 8 - Deciduous shrubs 9 - C3 grass 10 - C4 grass 11 - Tundra 12 - Swamp 13 - Non-irrigated crops 14 - Irrigated crops 15 - Urban 16 - Bare

Description: The LANDMATE PFT dataset provides a land cover map for Europe for the year 2015 in 0.1° (~10km) and 0.018° (~2km) resolution. The dataset is based on land cover data of the ESA Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI, native resolution: 300m) which is translated into 16 plant functional types (PFTs) and non-vegetated classes employing the cross-walking procedure introduced by Reinhart et al. (2021). The translation is done under consideration of the Holdridge Life Zones (HLZs), a system, that classifies land areas based on bioclimatic properties. Through the HLZs, regional distinction of the individual PFT distribution can be achieved. The land cover information is given as fractions per grid cell where each fraction represents the area covered by the respective land cover within each grid cell (0-1). The dataset is available in two different horizontal resolutions, 0.1° (~10km) and 0.018° (~2km), whereby the land cover information is resampled using a fractional approach to achieve the desired resolution. The LANDMATE PFT dataset was carefully developed and designed to meet the present and future requirements of regional climate models and is therefore recommended to be used for regional climate modeling over the European Continent. The LANDMATE PFT dataset (0.1° resolution) serves as basemap for the historical and future land use and land cover dataset LUCAS LUC developed by Hoffmann et al. (2021).

Description: The LUCAS LUC historical dataset consists of annual land use and land cover maps from 1950 to 2015. It is based on land cover data from the LANDMATE PFT dataset that was generated from ESA-CCI LC data. The ESA-CCI LC land cover classes are converted into 16 plant functional types and non-vegetated classes employing the method of Reinhart et al. (2021). The land use change information from the Land-Use Harmonization Data Set version 2 (LUH2 v2h, Hurtt et al. 2020) were imposed using the land use translator developed by Hoffmann et al. (2021). For each year, a map is provided that contains 16 fields. Each field holds the fraction the respective plant functional types and non-vegetated classes in the total grid cell (0-1). The LUCAS LUC dataset was constructed within the HICSS project LANDMATE and the WCRP flagship pilot study LUCAS to meet the requirements of downscaling experiments within EURO-CORDEX. Plant functional types and non-vegetated classes: 1 - Tropical broadleaf evergreen trees 2 - Tropical deciduous trees 3 - Temperate broadleaf evergreen trees 4 - Temperate deciduous trees 5 - Evergreen coniferous trees 6 - Deciduous coniferous trees 7 - Coniferous shrubs 8 - Deciduous shrubs 9 - C3 grass 10 - C4 grass 11 - Tundra 12 - Swamp 13 - Non-irrigated crops 14 - Irrigated crops 15 - Urban 16 - Bare

Description: The data contains the code of TransClim: written in Python 2.

Description: MPI-ESM1-2-LR’s CMIP6 CovidMIP baseline simulations are based on simulations forced with CO2 emissions allowing interactive carbon cycle. The baseline simulations (ssp245-cov-baseline, publish here) is a reference to the CovidMIP simulations (ssp245-covid, ssp245-cov-fossil, ssp245-cov-strgreen, and ssp245-cov-modgreen, published under CMIP6 CovidMIP) to investigate the effects of COVID-19 induced emission reductions on global carbon cycle, climate change and feedbacks. As presented in Jones et al. (2021), the radiative and climate responses of MPI-ESM1-2-LR are within the range of multi-model simulation results. have 10 ensemble members of the simulation named from r1i1p1f99 to r10i1p1f99. Here f99 is used in the file name *r*i1p1f99* of all CovidMIP simulations because of the updated aerosol forcing (Fiedler et al. 2021). Fiedler, S.; Wyser, K.; Rogelj, J. & van Noije, T. (2021): Radiative effects of reduced aerosol emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic and the future recovery, Atmospheric Research, 264, 105866, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105866 Jones, C. D., Hickman, J. E., Rumbold, S. T., Walton, J., Lamboll, R. D., Skeie, R. B., ... & Ziehn, T. (2021). The climate response to emissions reductions due to COVID‐19: Initial results from CovidMIP. Geophysical research letters, 48(8), e2020GL091883.

Description: Ensemble of MPI-ESM1-2-HR CMIP6 historical simulations without solar and ozone variability (i.e., set to the year 1850). The simulations are performed within the BMBF project "Solar contribution to climate change on decadal to centennial timescales" (SOLCHECK) of the "Role of the middle atmosphere in climate" (ROMIC II: https://romic2.iap-kborn.de/en/romic/strategy). The experimental setup is identical to the MPI-ESM1-2-HR historical CMIP6 simulations except for the solar and ozone variability. Please refrain from using the following variables since their computations where either erroneous or do not comply with the CMIP6 protocol: Eyr_fracLut, 6hrPlevPt_sfcWind, Amon_mc, CFday_mc, CFmon_dmc, CFmon_smc, CFmon_mcd, CFmon_mcu, Omon_o2sat, Oyr_o2sat, Omon_uo, Omon_umo, Omon_hfx Omon_tauuo Technical details: Ensemble run on bullx B700 Mistral at DKRZ