ALBERT

Description: Ensemble of MPI-ESM1-2-HR CMIP6 historical simulations with low-pass filtered solar and ozone variability (i.e., using a 33-years running-mean). The simulations are performed within the BMBF project "Solar contribution to climate change on decadal to centennial timescales" (SOLCHECK) of the "Role of the middle atmosphere in climate" (ROMIC II: https://romic2.iap-kborn.de/en/romic/strategy). The experimental setup is identical to the MPI-ESM1-2-HR historical CMIP6 simulations except for the solar and ozone variability.

Description: Source code of the Max Planck Institute atmospheric general circulation model (ECHAM6) adopted to the project PalMod for the concurrent execution of radiative transfer on HPC-systems.

Description: The LUCAS LUC future dataset consists of annual land use and land cover maps from 2016 to 2100. It is based on land cover data from the LANDMATE PFT dataset for the year 2015. The LANDMATE PFT consists of 16 plant functional types and non-vegetated classes that were converted from the ESA-CCI LC land cover data according to the method of Reinhart et al. (2021). The land use change information from the Land-Use Harmonization Data Set version 2 (LUH2 v2.1f, Hurtt et al. 2020) were imposed using the land use translator developed by Hoffmann et al. (2021). The projected land use change information was derived for different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) combinations used in the framework of the 6th phase of Coupled Modelling Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). For each year, a map is provided that contains 16 fields. Each field holds the fraction the respective plant functional types and non-vegetated classes in the total grid cell (0-1). The LUCAS LUC dataset was constructed within the HICSS project LANDMATE and the WCRP flagship pilot study LUCAS to meet the requirements of downscaling experiments within EURO-CORDEX. Plant functional types and non-vegetated classes: 1 - Tropical broadleaf evergreen trees 2 - Tropical deciduous trees 3 - Temperate broadleaf evergreen trees 4 - Temperate deciduous trees 5 - Evergreen coniferous trees 6 - Deciduous coniferous trees 7 - Coniferous shrubs 8 - Deciduous shrubs 9 - C3 grass 10 - C4 grass 11 - Tundra 12 - Swamp 13 - Non-irrigated crops 14 - Irrigated crops 15 - Urban 16 - Bare

Description: The LANDMATE PFT dataset provides a land cover map for Europe for the year 2015 in 0.1° (~10km) and 0.018° (~2km) resolution. The dataset is based on land cover data of the ESA Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI, native resolution: 300m) which is translated into 16 plant functional types (PFTs) and non-vegetated classes employing the cross-walking procedure introduced by Reinhart et al. (2021). The translation is done under consideration of the Holdridge Life Zones (HLZs), a system, that classifies land areas based on bioclimatic properties. Through the HLZs, regional distinction of the individual PFT distribution can be achieved. The land cover information is given as fractions per grid cell where each fraction represents the area covered by the respective land cover within each grid cell (0-1). The dataset is available in two different horizontal resolutions, 0.1° (~10km) and 0.018° (~2km), whereby the land cover information is resampled using a fractional approach to achieve the desired resolution. The LANDMATE PFT dataset was carefully developed and designed to meet the present and future requirements of regional climate models and is therefore recommended to be used for regional climate modeling over the European Continent. The LANDMATE PFT dataset (0.1° resolution) serves as basemap for the historical and future land use and land cover dataset LUCAS LUC developed by Hoffmann et al. (2021).

Description: The LUCAS LUC historical dataset consists of annual land use and land cover maps from 1950 to 2015. It is based on land cover data from the LANDMATE PFT dataset that was generated from ESA-CCI LC data. The ESA-CCI LC land cover classes are converted into 16 plant functional types and non-vegetated classes employing the method of Reinhart et al. (2021). The land use change information from the Land-Use Harmonization Data Set version 2 (LUH2 v2h, Hurtt et al. 2020) were imposed using the land use translator developed by Hoffmann et al. (2021). For each year, a map is provided that contains 16 fields. Each field holds the fraction the respective plant functional types and non-vegetated classes in the total grid cell (0-1). The LUCAS LUC dataset was constructed within the HICSS project LANDMATE and the WCRP flagship pilot study LUCAS to meet the requirements of downscaling experiments within EURO-CORDEX. Plant functional types and non-vegetated classes: 1 - Tropical broadleaf evergreen trees 2 - Tropical deciduous trees 3 - Temperate broadleaf evergreen trees 4 - Temperate deciduous trees 5 - Evergreen coniferous trees 6 - Deciduous coniferous trees 7 - Coniferous shrubs 8 - Deciduous shrubs 9 - C3 grass 10 - C4 grass 11 - Tundra 12 - Swamp 13 - Non-irrigated crops 14 - Irrigated crops 15 - Urban 16 - Bare

Description: The data contains the code of TransClim: written in Python 2.

Description: MPI-ESM1-2-LR’s CMIP6 CovidMIP baseline simulations are based on simulations forced with CO2 emissions allowing interactive carbon cycle. The baseline simulations (ssp245-cov-baseline, publish here) is a reference to the CovidMIP simulations (ssp245-covid, ssp245-cov-fossil, ssp245-cov-strgreen, and ssp245-cov-modgreen, published under CMIP6 CovidMIP) to investigate the effects of COVID-19 induced emission reductions on global carbon cycle, climate change and feedbacks. As presented in Jones et al. (2021), the radiative and climate responses of MPI-ESM1-2-LR are within the range of multi-model simulation results. have 10 ensemble members of the simulation named from r1i1p1f99 to r10i1p1f99. Here f99 is used in the file name *r*i1p1f99* of all CovidMIP simulations because of the updated aerosol forcing (Fiedler et al. 2021). Fiedler, S.; Wyser, K.; Rogelj, J. & van Noije, T. (2021): Radiative effects of reduced aerosol emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic and the future recovery, Atmospheric Research, 264, 105866, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105866 Jones, C. D., Hickman, J. E., Rumbold, S. T., Walton, J., Lamboll, R. D., Skeie, R. B., ... & Ziehn, T. (2021). The climate response to emissions reductions due to COVID‐19: Initial results from CovidMIP. Geophysical research letters, 48(8), e2020GL091883.

Description: Ensemble of MPI-ESM1-2-HR CMIP6 historical simulations without solar and ozone variability (i.e., set to the year 1850). The simulations are performed within the BMBF project "Solar contribution to climate change on decadal to centennial timescales" (SOLCHECK) of the "Role of the middle atmosphere in climate" (ROMIC II: https://romic2.iap-kborn.de/en/romic/strategy). The experimental setup is identical to the MPI-ESM1-2-HR historical CMIP6 simulations except for the solar and ozone variability. Please refrain from using the following variables since their computations where either erroneous or do not comply with the CMIP6 protocol: Eyr_fracLut, 6hrPlevPt_sfcWind, Amon_mc, CFday_mc, CFmon_dmc, CFmon_smc, CFmon_mcd, CFmon_mcu, Omon_o2sat, Oyr_o2sat, Omon_uo, Omon_umo, Omon_hfx Omon_tauuo Technical details: Ensemble run on bullx B700 Mistral at DKRZ

Description: Regional climate simulations with the COSMO-CLM V. 5.0-CLM6 + TERRA_URB V. 2.0 model by KULeuven. Dynamical downscaling on the CORDEX EUR-11 domain and HRes domain over Belgium at convection-permitting scale. Model name: COSMO-CLM V. 5.0-CLM6 + TERRA_URB V. 2.0 Important reference: Wouters et al. 2016: https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3027-2016 Resolution: RCM: 12.5km; LAM: 2.8 km Nr. vertical levels: 40 Time step (s): 80 (12.5 km); 20 (2.8 km) Important scheme: TERRA_URB Focal time series / severity index: Precipitation, UHI Host GCM: ERA-Interim / EC-EARTH Non-hydrostatic: yes

Description: Regional climate simulations with the MAR V 3.9 model by University of Liège. Dynamical downscaling on the CORDEX EUR-11 domain and HRes domain over Belgium at convection-permitting scale. Model name: MAR V. 3.9 Important reference: Wyard et al. 2017: https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.4879 Resolution: RCM: 50 km and 12.5 km; LAM: 5 km Nr. vertical levels: 30 Time step (s): Important scheme: Snow variables Focal time series / severity index: Snowfall events and snowmelt events inducing floods Host GCM: ERA-Interim / various Non-hydrostatic: no