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  • Articles  (739)
  • Open Access-Papers  (739)
  • John Wiley & Sons  (739)
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  • Open Access-Papers  (739)
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  • 1
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    Mid-Pleistocene Pozzolanic Volcanic Ash in Ancient Roman Concretes (2010)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-16
    Description: The hydrated lime-volcanic ash mortars of imperial age concrete construction in Rome owe their extraordinary durability to a specific alteration facies of scoriaceous ash from the Pozzolane Rosse ignimbrite, erupted at 456±3 ka from Alban Hills volcano. Stratigraphic, petrographic, and chemical investigations demonstrate that during the warm, humid period preceding marine isotope stage 11, hydrolytic pedogenesis produced an argillic horizon in Pozzolane Rosse, with thick illuvial clay that had little reactivity with hydrated lime, as shown by mortars from the Forum of Julius Caesar (46 to 44 BC). In the underlying soil horizon, however, translocated halloysite overlies opal and poorly crystalline clay surface coatings. Imperial age mortars, as from the Forum and Markets of Trajan (AD 96 to 115), show strong reactivity of these components, altered scoria groundmass, and zeolites with hydrated lime. Romans deliberately selected this alkali-rich ash for optimal performance of pozzolanic concretes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 36-74
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: pozzolanic mortars, ancient Rome, volcanic ash, paleopedology, materials research ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    The San Gregorio Magno lacustrine basin (Campania, southern Italy): improved characterization of the tephrostratigraphic markers based on trace elements and isotopic data (2020)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-29
    Description: Central–southern Italy is one of the most suitable areas in the world for tephrostratigraphic studies, owing to the numerous volcanic sources with explosive activity during the Pleistocene. This work presents a systematic investigation of the chemical (trace elements) and isotopic (Sr and Nd) compositions of the main tephra markers within lacustrine sediments of the San Gregorio Magno Basin (Campania, southern Italy). This study: (i) provides full geochemical (trace elements and isotopes) characterization of eight significant Upper Pleistocene marker layers (X‐6, X‐5, C‐22, MEGT/ Y‐7, CI/Y‐5, C‐10, Y‐3, NYT/C2) widely dispersed over the Mediterranean area; (ii) proposes a new tephra marker for Marine Isotope Stage 7, dated to 240 ka; and (iii) refines the correlations of tephra levels belonging to the investigated sequence. This study highlights that in most cases the Nd isotope composition of the glass and Sr isotope composition of the coexisting minerals are more reliable than 87Sr/86Sr of the glass, and hence is a more helpful as a further tool for tephrostratigraphic correlations, as recently proposed in the literature. Moreover, this study is a first step towards the construction of a complete geochemical database for future tephra investigations in the Mediterranean area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 393-404
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: isotope geochemistry ; LA‐ICP‐MS ; Neapolitan volcanoes ; San Gregorio Magno Basin ; Sr and Nd isotopes ; tephra
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    On the onset of ionospheric precursors 40 min before strong earthquakes (2015)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: Heki (2011) and Heki and Enomoto (2013) claimed that anomalous, yet similar, increases of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) started ~40 min prior to the 2011 Tohoku-Oki, as well as before other Mw〉8 earthquakes. The authors concluded that the reported TEC anomalies were likely related to the pending earthquakes, suggesting also that TEC monitoring may be useful for future earthquake prediction. Here we carefully examine the findings of Heki (2011) and Heki and Enomoto (2013) by performing new analyses of the same TEC data. Our interpretation is that the 40 min onset of the ionospheric precursors is an artifact induced by the definition of the reference line adopted in analyzing TEC variations. We also discuss this repeatability in the tectonic and geodynamic context of the earthquakes. By performing a Superimposed Epoch Analysis of TEC data, we show that, however, the TEC increase reported by Heki (2011) was not particularly anomalous. We conclude that the TEC precursors reported by Heki (2011) and Heki and Enomoto (2013) are not useful for developing short-term earthquake prediction capabilities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1383–1393
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Ionosphere ; Total Electron Content ; Earthquake precursors ; Short-term earthquake prediction ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Integrating field data into individual-based models of the migrationof European eel larvae (2014)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-27
    Description: Lagrangian simulations based on coupled physical-biological models can help deter- mine the mechanisms that affect fish recruitment, but only if the key biological and environmental drivers are accurately described. However, it is difficult to obtain experimental measurements for some vital traits, such as mortality and/or movement patterns. The different hypotheses about these traits can be contrasted by comparing simulation outputs with experimental data that can be collected in the field, such as body size distribution at selected transects. We used this approach to study the oceanic migration of European eel larvae. Despite considerable research effort (involv- ing both field surveys and simulation studies), it is still uncertain whether this migration is a purely passive process or the result of the interaction between transport by currents and an active larval movement. Based on present knowledge of eel larvae and predictions of metabolic ecology, we developed a parameterized model that provided a simple, yet biologically reasonable description of the species’ key life history traits (body growth, mortality and movement). We contrasted differ- ent model settings and identified the most plausible migration scenario by comparing simulation results against experimental data. The best-performing scenario was not purely passive but in - cluded an active larval propulsion proportional to body size. The corresponding migration dura- tion was about 3 yr. Our modelling study succeeded in assimilating experimental data within a conceptual framework that is consistent with that sketched out, almost a century ago, by Danish biologist Johannes Schmidt.
    Description: Financial support was provided by Politecnico di Milano and the Italian Ministry of Research (PRIN project no. 2006054928 ‘An Integrated Approach to the Conservation and Management of the European Eel in the Mediterranean Region’)
    Description: Published
    Description: 135-149
    Description: 3A. Ambiente Marino
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Anguilla anguilla ; Lagrangian simulations ; Larval dispersal ; Physical-biological coupling ; Movement ecology ; Life history traits ; Data assimilation ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.04. Ecosystems
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Comment on “Temporal and spatial precursors in ionospheric total electron content of the 16 October 1999 Mw7.1 Hector Mine earthquake”, by Su et al. (2013) (2014)
    John Wiley & Sons
    In:  Su, Y. C., J. Y. Liu, S. P. Chen, H. F. Tsai, and M. Q. Chen (2013), Temporal and spatial precursors in ionospheric total electron content of the 16 October 1999Mw7.1 Hector Mine earthquake, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118,6511– 6517, doi:10.1002/jgra.50586.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We review the recent paper by Su et al. [2013]. Using Global Position System (GPS) and Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM) data, Su et al. claimed to have found ionospheric precursors a few days before the 16 October 1999 Hector Mine, California earthquake. They proposed that this type of analysis of ionospheric data may be useful for locating forthcoming large earthquakes. In this Comment, we reexamine these data and show that ionospheric anomalies reported by Su et al. were not precursors to the Hector Mine earthquake. Therefore, their proposed analysis is not useful in the context of earthquake prediction.
    Description: Published
    Description: 6994–6997
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Ionosphere ; Total Electron Content ; Earthquake precursors ; Short-term earthquake prediction ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.01. Solar-terrestrial interaction
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Does geothermal exploitation trigger earthquakes in Tuscany? (2016)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: For the past 25 years, power production has been accompanied by a small but steady increase in seismicity near geothermal wells. A new project seeks to explore why.
    Description: Published
    Description: 6T. Sismicità indotta e caratterizzazione sismica dei sistemi naturali
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic monitoring ; array ; geothermal energy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    On the devil's tracks: unexpected news from the Foresta ichnosite (Roccamonfina volcano, central Italy) (2020)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-07
    Description: The Foresta ichnosite is well known for preserving some of the oldest human fossil footprints recorded in Europe so far. This research aims to: i) describe new footprints that are larger than those already reported, some of which form a new trackway that moves in the opposite direction to all the others; ii) announce the discovery of some stone tools also in the surroundings of the Foresta ichnosite. The new results increase the total number of human fossil footprints to at least 81, specify the direction and the number of footprints of Trackway C, and identify three new directions of walking at the site. More compelling and complete estimates of the dimensional range of all ichnological evidence enables us, furthermore, to estimate the number of trackmakers walking on the trampled surface as a minimum of five, one of them likely being an adult male. The general shape of all the recorded footprints suggests that the Foresta trackmakers share some similarities with those at Sima de los Huesos, and belong to the same taxonomical group as the Ceprano skull. All the new evidence enables us to better understand the presence of hominin populations in the Roccamonfina volcano area during the Middle Pleistocene.
    Description: Published
    Description: 444-456
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Homo heidelbergensis ; human footprints ; lithic implements ; Middle Pleistocene ; Roccamonfina volcano
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    On the electromagnetic fields produced by marine frequency domain controlled sources (2009)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of John Wiley & Sons for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Journal International 179 (2009): 1429-1457, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04367.x.
    Description: In recent years, marine controlled source electromagnetics (CSEM) has found increasing use in hydrocarbon exploration due to its ability to detect thin resistive zones beneath the seafloor. Although it must be recognized that the quantitative interpretation of marine CSEM data over petroleum-bearing formations will typically require 2-D surveys and 2-D or 3-D modelling, the use of the 1-D approximation is useful under some circumstances and provides considerable insight into the physics of marine CSEM. It is the purpose of this paper to thoroughly explore the 1-D solutions for all four fundamental source types—vertical and horizontal, electric and magnetic dipole (VED, HED, VMD and HMD)—using a set of canonical reservoir models that encompass brine to weak to strong hydrocarbon types. The paper introduces the formalism to solve the Maxwell equations for a 1-D structure in terms of independent and unique toroidal and poloidal magnetic modes that circumscribe the salient diffusion physics. Green's functions for the two modes from which solutions for arbitrary source current distributions can be constructed are derived and used to obtain the electromagnetic (EM) fields produced by finite VED, HED, VMD and HMD sources overlying an arbitrary 1-D electrical structure. Field behaviour is analysed using the Poynting vector that represents the time-averaged flow of energy through the structure and a polarization ellipse decomposition of the triaxial seafloor EM field that is a complete field description. The behaviour of the two EM modes using unimodal VED and VMD sources is presented. The paper closes by extending these results to the bimodal HED and HMD sources.
    Keywords: Electromagnetic theory ; Marine electromagnetics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 9
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    Seismic structures of the Calico fault zone inferred from local earthquake travel time modelling (2011)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Authors, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of John Wiley & Sons for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Journal International 186 (2011): 760-770, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05055.x.
    Description: We analysed high-frequency body waves of local earthquakes to image the damage zone of the Calico fault in the eastern California shear zone. We used generalized ray theory and finite difference methods to compute synthetic seismograms for a low-velocity fault zone (FZ) to model the direct and FZ-reflected P and S traveltimes of local earthquakes recorded by a temporary array across the fault. The low velocity zone boundaries were determined by apparent traveltime delays across the fault. The velocity contrast between the fault zone and host rock was constrained by the traveltime delays of P and S waves and differential traveltimes between the direct and FZ-reflected waves. The dip and depth extent of the low velocity zone were constrained by a systematic analysis of direct P traveltimes of events on both sides of the fault. We found that the Calico fault has a ∼1.3-km-wide low velocity zone in which the P- and S-wave velocity decreased 40 and 50 per cent, respectively, with respect to the host rock. The low velocity zone dips 70° northeast and extends 3 km in depth.
    Description: This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EAR-0609969 and EAR-0838195.
    Keywords: Body waves ; Interface waves ; Wave propagation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 10
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    Laboratory experiments and observations of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies impinging on an island (2013)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 118 (2013): 762–773, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20081.
    Description: Laboratory experiments are conducted to investigate the interactions of self-propagating barotropic cyclones and baroclinic anticyclones with an island. Results are interpreted in the context of observations around Okinawa Island, Japan, where ubiquitous arrivals of cyclones and anticyclones on the southeastern side of the island influence the flow around it, thereby impacting both the Ryukyu Current's and the Kuroshio's transport. In the laboratory, baroclinic anticyclones generate a buoyant current that flows clockwise around an island whereas barotropic cyclones generate a counterclockwise current. In both cases, the interaction is governed by conservation of circulation Γ around the island, which establishes a balance between the dissipation along the island in contact with the eddy and the dissipation along the island in contact with the generated current. Laboratory results and scaling analysis suggest that the interaction between an anticyclone (cyclone) and Okinawa Island should result in an instantaneous increase (decrease) of the Ryukyu Current transport and a delayed increase (decrease) of the Kuroshio transport. The estimated delays are in good agreement with those obtained with field measurements suggesting that the dynamics at play in the laboratory may be relevant for the flow around Okinawa Island.
    Description: M.A.was supported by the Postdoctoral Scholar Program at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, with funding provided by the Ocean and Climate Change Institute and by the Penzance Endowed Fund in Support of Assistant Scientists.
    Description: 2013-08-13
    Keywords: Eddies ; Laboratory experiments ; Kuroshio ; Ryukyu Current ; East China Sea ; Islands
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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