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  • 1
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Industry and government decision makers and others with a stake in the energy sector all need WEO-2012. It presents authoritative projections of energy trends through to 2035 and insights into what they mean for energy security, environmental sustainability and economic development. Oil, coal, natural gas, renewables and nuclear power are all covered, together with an update on climate change issues. Global energy demand, production, trade, investment and carbon-dioxide emissions are broken down by region or country, by fuel and by sector. Special strategic analyses cover: - What unlocking the purely economic potential for energy efficiency could do, country-by-country and sector-by-sector, for energy markets, the economy and the environment. - The Iraqi energy sector, examining both its importance in satisfying the country’s own needs and its crucial role in meeting global oil and gas demand. - The water-energy nexus, as water resources become increasingly stressed and access more contentious. - Measures of progress towards providing universal access to modern energy services. There are many uncertainties; but many decisions cannot wait. The insights of WEO-2012 are invaluable to those who must shape our energy future.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (668 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264180840
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 372 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9264143912
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Keywords: Finance ; Macroeconomics ; Environmental economics ; Economics ; Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics ; Finance, general ; Environmental Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mainstreaming Environmental Finance into Financial Markets - Relevance, Potential and Obstacles --- Mainstreaming Framework Conditions for Environmental Finance - The Role of the Public Sector --- Mainstreaming Environmental Finance Markets (I) - Small-Scale Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Finance --- The Roles of Wheather Insurance and the Carbon Market --- Mainstreaming Impact Over Time - Who Measures What for Whom? --- UNEP Perspectives --- Trading of Emission Certificates for Climate Protection: Using Markets and Private Capital for Development --- Microfinance and Climate Change: Threats and Opportunities --- Environmental Finance Through the Financial Sector - An Approach with Growing Potential - Experiences of KfW Entwicklungsbank
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 250 pages)
    ISBN: 9783642050879
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Keywords: Business ; Management science ; Computer communication systems ; Application software ; Economic history ; Economic theory ; Social sciences ; Economics ; Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods ; Methodology/History of Economic Thought ; Business and Management, general ; Computer Appl. in Social and Behavioral Sciences ; Computer Communication Networks ; Social Sciences, general
    Description / Table of Contents: How do social networking services earn money? What is the "second hand of the market" and how does it operate? Why does society need so many different kinds of goods? What does happiness economics not reveal about happiness? What is the link between talent, success and "stardom"? What is the business development  model for the entertainment and media industry? What is emotional hysteresis? How can we measure cultural values? What is subjective time and how can it be made qualitative? What is club economics? You can find the answers to all these questions in the book. It describes the main trends in development of our digital society. It appeals to those who are curious about what will replace search engines, and how social networking services will evolve. It is about the profit from different forms of informational collaboration (crowdsourcing, collaborative filtering) and how it will affect the structure of the society and human pursuit for happiness
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 145 pages)
    ISBN: 9783642212772
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1-519 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780444500632
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1105-1618, I1-I26 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780444511461
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Unknown
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
    Keywords: Finance ; Macroeconomics ; Development economics ; Economic growth ; Agricultural economics ; Economics ; Development Economics ; Agricultural Economics ; Finance, general ; Economic Growth ; Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Big Picture: Global Trends Affecting Agricultural Finance --- Institutional and Process Innovations in Serving Rural Clients --- Dealing With Risks in Agricultural Finance --- Using Modern Technology for High-Quality Services in Rural Areas
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 295 pages) , 25 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783642540349
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: For the first time, the IEA has merged its medium-term market reports for oil and gas, thereby giving readers a broader perspective on global trends. Critical questions persist for both markets, including whether economic and energy demand outlooks are clearer than in mid-2009. For the first time, the IEA has merged its medium-term market reports for oil and gas, thereby giving readers a broader perspective on global trends. Critical questions persist for both markets, including whether economic and energy demand outlooks are clearer than in mid-2009. Do oil markets show a genuine structural shift in demand patterns? Will they sustain a nascent recovery in upstream spending evident in 2010? And how long will current levels of OPEC spare capacity persist? For the gas market, will demand recover from its collapse in 2009? How long will the gas glut last? Will unconventional gas revolutionise gas markets outside North America? And how is consumption changing in China, Russia and the Middle East? Medium-Term Oil and Gas Markets 2010 presents a comprehensive outlook for oil and gas market fundamentals over the next three to five years. The oil market analysis develops two demand scenarios that reflect uncertainties about the path of economic recovery after the global slow-down in 2008/09. Market balances are generated from detailed analysis of upstream investment projects, oil field decline rates, product-by-product demand trends, and refinery investment and operations. The gas market analysis assesses prices, unconventional gas, future demand developments and LNG markets, as well as investment across the gas value chain. With a focus on key producers (including Russia, the Caspian region and the Middle East) and rising LNG exporters (such as Australia), it examines implications for global gas markets.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (373 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Due to its clean burning properties, low investment costs and flexibility in production, natural gas is often put forward as the ideal partner fuel for wind power and other renewable sources of electricity generation with strongly variable output. This working paper examines three vital questions associated with this premise: 1) Is natural gas indeed the best partner fuel for wind power? 2) If so, to what extent will an increasing market share of wind power in European electricity generation affect demand for natural gas in the power sector? and 3) Considering the existing European natural gas markets, is natural gas capable of fulfilling this role of partner for renewable sources of electricity?
    Pages: Online-Ressource (54 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The world’s largest gas producer and exporter, Russia has an enormous energy saving potential. At least 30 billion cubic meters – a fifth of Russian exports to European OECD countries - could be saved every year by enhanced technology or energy efficiency. As the era of cheap gas in Russia comes to an end, this potential saving is increasingly important for Russians and importing countries. And as domestic gas prices increase, efficiency investments will become increasingly economic – not to mention the incentive for Gazprom to enhance its efficiency against a backdrop of high European gas prices. Optimising Russian Natural Gas: Reform and Climate Policy analyses and estimates the potential savings and the associated reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in the oil extraction (flaring), gas transmission and distribution sectors. Achieving these savings will require linking long-standing energy efficiency goals with energy sector reforms, as well as climate policy objectives. The book also describes Russia’s emerging climate policy and institutional framework, including work still ahead before the country is eligible for the Kyoto Protocol’s flexibility mechanisms and can attract financing for greenhouse gas reductions. Optimising Russian Natural Gas: Reform and Climate Policy stresses the need for Russia to tap the full potential of energy savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions through a more competitive environment in the gas sector to attract timely investments.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: As demonstrated by the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami-triggered blackouts in Japan, electricity shortfalls can happen anytime and anywhere. Countries can minimise the negative economic, social and environmental impacts of such electricity shortfalls by developing emergency energy-saving strategies before a crisis occurs. This new IEA report Saving Electricity in a Hurry: Update 2011 highlights preliminary findings and conclusions from electricity shortfalls in Japan, the United States, New Zealand, South Africa and Chile. It draws on recent analysis to: - reinforce well-established guidelines on diagnosing electricity shortfalls, identifying energy-saving opportunities and selecting a package of energy-saving measures; and - highlight proven practice for implementing emergency energy-saving programmes. This paper will be valuable to government, academic, private-sector and civil-society stakeholders who inform, develop and implement electricity policy in general, and emergency energy-saving programmes in particular.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: At their 2007 Summit in Heiligendamm, G8 leaders called on countries to “adopt instruments and measures to significantly increase the share of combined heat and power (CHP) in the generation of electricity.” As a result, energy, economic, environmental and utility regulators are looking for tools and information to understand the potential of CHP and to identify appropriate policies for their national circumstances. This report forms the first part of the response. It includes answers to policy makers’ questions about the potential economic, energy and environmental benefits of an increased policy commitment to CHP. It also includes for the first time integrated IEA data on global CHP installations, and analyses the benefits of increased CHP investment in the G8+5 countries. A companion report will be produced later in 2008 to document best practice policy approaches that have been used to expand the use of CHP in a variety of countries.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Modern biomass, and the resulting useful forms of bioenergy produced from it, are anticipated by many advocates to provide a significant contribution to the global primary energy supply of many IEA member countries during the coming decades. For non-member countries, particularly those wishing to achieve economic growth as well as meet the goals for sustainable development, the deployment of modern bioenergy projects and the growing international trade in biomass-based energy carriers offer potential opportunities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The purpose of this report is to help EE practitioners, government officials and stakeholders to establish the most effective EE governance structures, given their specific country context. It also aims to provide readers with relevant and accessible information to support the development of comprehensive and effective governance mechanisms. The International Energy Agency (IEA) conducted a global review of many elements of EE governance,including legal frameworks, institutional frameworks, funding mechanisms, co-ordination mechanisms and accountability arrangements, such as evaluation and oversight. The research tools included a survey of over 500 EE experts in 110 countries, follow-up interviews of over 120 experts in 27 countries and extensive desk study and literature searches on good EE governance.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA has identified energy efficiency as essential to achieving a sustainable energy future. In order to improve energy efficiency in industry one of the priority areas for further action is the promotion of more and higher quality energy management (EM) activity. However, there are significant gaps in the current implementation of EM. One method of bridging these gaps would be the creation of an EM Action NetworK (EMAK) to bring practical support to energy managers, connect energy managers to energy policy makers, and interconnect these networks globally.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: ETP2010 will build on the success of earlier editions, by providing decision makers with more detailed practical information and tools that can help kick-start the transition to a more secure, sustainable and affordable energy future. The new publication will present: - Updated scenarios with greater regional detail providing insights on which new technologies will be most important in the different regions of the world; - Sectoral deep dives highlighting the key technological challenges and opportunities in each of the main energy-using sectors and the new policies that will be needed to realise change; - Roadmaps and transition pathways identifying the technical and policy barriers to accelerated deployment of the most important clean technologies and how these can be overcome.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (650 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Existing buildings require over 40% of the world’s total final energy consumption, and account for 24% of world CO2 emissions (IEA, 2006a). Much of this consumption could be avoided through improved efficiency of building energy systems (IEA, 2006a) using current, commercially-viable technology. In most cases, these technologies make economic sense on a life-cycle cost analysis (IEA, 2006b). Moreover, to the extent that they reduce dependence on risk-prone fossil energy sources, energy efficient technologies also address concerns of energy security.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 18
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: When William Shakepeare wrote Love’s Labour’s Lost he would have used light from tallow candles at a cost (today) of £12,000 per million-lumen hours. The same amount of light from electric lamps now costs only £2! But today’s low-cost illumination still has a dark side. Globally, lighting consumes more electricity than is produced by either hydro or nuclear power and results in CO2 emissions equivalent to two thirds of the world’s cars. A standard incandescent lamp may be much more efficient than a tallow candle, but it is far less efficient than a high-pressure sodium lamp. Were inefficient light sources to be replaced by the equivalent efficient ones, global lighting energy demand would be up to 40% less at a lower overall cost. Larger savings still could be realised through the intelligent use of controls, lighting levels and daylight. But achieving efficient lighting is not just a question of technology; it requires policies to transform current practice. This book documents the broad range of policy measures to stimulate efficient lighting that have already been implemented around the world and suggests new ways these could be strengthened to prevent light’s labour’s from being lost.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (560 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 19
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Russia is a key energy producer and exporter. IEA co-operation with the Russian Ministry of Energy dates back to the early 1990s; a Memorandum of Understanding was signed in 1994. To date, the co-operation has focused largely on gas supply security, energy efficiency, the investment framework and energy sector transparency. Recent developments in Russia’s energy policy have demonstrated an increased interest in renewable energy sources. This publication is intended to support Russian-IEA co-operation by analyzing the prospects for developing a renewable energy market in Russia. By contributing to the evolving discussions on Russian policy in the sphere of renewable energy, this study supplements the “Russian Energy Survey” released by the IEA in March 2002.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 20
    Keywords: Finance ; Economic policy ; Development economics ; Finance ; Finance, general ; Economic Policy ; Development Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents --- Foreword --- Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview --- Chapter 2: The Three Phases of Global Liquidity --- 2.1: Conceptual and Measurement Issues --- 2.2: First Phase of Global Liquidity --- 2.2.1: Round-trip Bank Flows to the US --- 2.2.2: Banking Sector Flows to the Rest of the World --- 2.2.3: Exchange Rates and Leverage --- 2.3: Second Phase of Global Liquidity --- 2.4: The Case of Emerging Asia --- 2.5: Third Phase and Onward --- 2.6: References --- Chapter 3: Early Warning Indicators for Financial Vulnerabilities --- 3.1: Principles for Selection of Early Warning Indicators --- 3.2: Core and Noncore Liabilities --- 3.3: References --- Chapter 4: Emerging Asia’s Noncore Liabilities and Policy Effectiveness --- 4.1: Bank-led Flows, Noncore Liabilities, and Credit Growth --- 4.2: Reassessing Monetary Policy --- 4.3: Appendix --- 4.4: References --- Chapter 5: Capital Flows and Income Distribution --- 5.1: National Policy Remains Key --- 5.2: How Capital Flows Affect Income Inequality --- 5.3: Prioritization for a Multi-Objective Goal --- 5.4: Appendix --- 5.5: References --- Chapter 6: Policy Implications --- 6.1 Tailoring Policies to Vulnerabilities --- 6.2 Macroprudential Tools --- 6.2.1 Bank Capital-Oriented Tools --- 6.2.1.1 Capital Requirements that Adjust Over the Cycle --- 6.2.1.2 Forward-Looking Provisioning --- 6.2.1.3: Leverage caps --- 6.2.1.4: Loan-To-Value and Debt-Service-To-Income Caps --- 6.2.1.5: Loan-to-Deposit caps --- 6.2.1.6: Levy on Noncore Liabilities --- 6.2.1.7: Unremunerated Reserve Requirements --- 6.2.2: Relative Merits of URR versus Levies/Taxes --- 6.2.3: Relationship with other Stabilization Policies --- 6.3: Financial Integration and Institutional Design --- 6.4: Policy Choices --- 6.5: References
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 124 pages) , 69 illustrations
    ISBN: 9789812872845
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Keywords: Globalization ; Management ; Leadership ; International economics ; Production management ; Emerging Markets/Globalization ; Innovation/Technology Management ; Business Strategy/Leadership ; International Economics ; Operations Management
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction: Needs for New Global Strategies --- Part I. Global Business Strategy --- 2. Management Strategies for Global Businesses --- 3. Changes in the Global Economic Environment --- 4. Comparison of Economic Institutions in China and India --- 5. New Business Model as Response to Competition from Emerging Economies --- 6. India’s Neemrana Industrial Park for Japanese Firms --- Part II. Fundamentals Of Strategic Planning --- 7. Alliance-based Global Strategy --- 8. Hitachi Construction Machinery: Becoming a Wholly Owned Chinese Entity --- 9. Marketing Theory in Global Business Context --- 10. Shiseido Marketing in China --- 11. International R&D Management --- 12. Multinationals’ R&D in China and India --- 13. Thailand’s National Science and Technology Development Agency and Japanese Firms --- 14. Suzuki Motor’s Expansion in India --- 15. Strategy Integration at the Global Level
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 259 pages) , 48 illustrations, 45 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9784431554684
    Language: English
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  • 22
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: As climate negotiators work towards a deal that would limit the increase in global temperatures, interest is growing in the essential role technology innovation can and must play in enabling the transition to a low-carbon energy system. Indeed, recent success stories clearly indicate that there is significant and untapped potential for accelerating innovation in clean technologies if proper policy frameworks are in place. In an especially timely analysis, the 2015 edition of Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP 2015) examines innovation in the energy technology sector and seeks to increase confidence in the feasibility of achieving short- and long-term climate change mitigation targets through effective research, development, demonstration and deployment (RDD&D). ETP 2015 identifies regulatory strategies and co-operative frameworks to advance innovation in areas like variable renewables, carbon capture and storage, and energy-intensive industrial sectors. The report also shows how emerging economies, and China in particular, can foster a low-carbon transition through innovation in energy technologies and policy. Finally, ETP 2015 features the IEA annual Tracking Clean Energy Progress report, which this year shows that efforts to decarbonise the global energy sector are lagging further behind. By setting out pathways to a sustainable energy future and by incorporating detailed and transparent quantitative modelling analysis and well-rounded commentary, ETP 2015 and its series of related publications are required reading for experts in the energy field, policy makers and heads of governments, as well as business leaders and investors.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (412 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264233423
    Language: English
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  • 23
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Increased focus has been placed on the issues of energy access and energy poverty over the last number of years, most notably indicated by the United Nations (UN) declaring 2012 as the “International Year of Sustainable Energy for All”. Although attention in these topics has increased, incorrect assumptions and misunderstandings still arise in both the literature and dialogues. Access to energy does not only include electricity, does not only include cook stoves, but must include access to all types of energy that form the overall energy system. This paper chooses to examine this energy system using a typology that breaks it into 3 primary energy subsystems: heat energy, electricity and transportation. Describing the global energy system using these three subsystems provides a way to articulate the differences and similarities for each system’s required investments needs by the private and public sectors.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 24
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: How much can technology contribute to securing adequate and affordable energy supplies and lower CO2 emissions? What energy technologies hold the most promise? How long will it take? At their 2005 summit in Gleneagles, G-8 leaders confronted these questions and decided to act with resolve and urgency. They called upon the International Energy Agency to provide advice on scenarios and strategies for a clean and secure energy future. Energy Technology Perspectives is a response to the G8 request. This innovative work demonstrates how energy technologies can make a difference in a series of global scenarios to 2050. It reviews in detail the status and prospects of key energy technologies in electricity generation, buildings, industry and transport. It assesses ways the world can enhance energy security and contain growth in CO2 emissions by using a portfolio of current and emerging technologies. Major strategic elements of a successful portfolio are energy efficiency, CO2 capture and storage, renewables and nuclear power. While technology does hold great promise for the future, we must act now if we are to unlock the potential of current and emerging technologies and reduce the impact of fossil fuel dependence on energy security and the environment. Energy Technology Perspectives provides detailed technology and policy insights to help policy makers craft sustainable solutions.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 25
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper has been produced as part of the work programme in support of the Gleneagles Plan of Action (GPOA), where the IEA was requested to “undertake a study to review existing global appliance standards and codes”. In accordance with the G8 request, this study investigates the coverage and impact of forms of minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) and comparative energy labelling programmes; which comprise the cornerstone of most IEA countries national energy efficiency strategy. This scope also reflects governments’ aspirations to achieve ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, this study does not address endorsement labelling and associated voluntary programmes, although these are also important policy tools for national energy efficiency strategies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (105 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 26
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This report explores the vulnerability of heavy industry to carbon leakage and competitiveness loss. It reviews the existing literature on competitiveness and carbon leakage under uneven climate policies. It also suggests a statistical method to track carbon leakage, and applies this methodology to Phase I of the EU emissions trading scheme, for various industrial activities: iron and steel, cement, aluminium and refineries. Finally, it reviews measures to mitigate carbon leakage, as discussed in Australia, Canada, Europe, New Zealand and the US.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (122 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 27
    Unknown
    London : Bloomsbury Academic
    Description / Table of Contents: Having emerged from the end of the Cold War as a unified country, Germany has quickly become the second largest exporter in the world. Its economic might has made it the center of the Eurozone and the pivotal power of Europe. Like other geo-economic powers, Germany's foreign policy is characterized by a definition of the national interest in economic terms and the elevation of economic interests over non-economic values such as human rights or democracy promotion. This strategic paradigm is evident in German's relationship with China, the Gulf States and Europe, but it is most important in regard to its evolving policies towards Russia. In this book, Stephen F. Szabo provides a description and analysis of German policy towards Russia, revealing how unified Germany is finding its global role in which its interests do not always coincide with the United States or its European partners. He explores the role of German business and finance in the shaping of foreign policy and investigates how Germany's Russia policy effects its broader foreign policy in the region and at how it is perceived by key outside players such as the United States, Poland and the EU. With reference to public, opinion, the media and think tanks Szabo reveals how Germans perceive Russians, and he uncovers the ways in which its dealings with Russia affect Germany in terms of the importing of corruption and crime. Drawing on interviews with key opinion-shapers, business and financial players and policy makers and on a wide variety of public opinion surveys, media reports and archival sources, his will be a key resource for all those wishing to understand the new geo-economic balance of Europe.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 187 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781472596352
    Language: English
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  • 28
    Unknown
    Gembloux (Belgique) : Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux, Liege University
    Keywords: Périurbain ; Périurbansiation ; Villes du Sud
    Description / Table of Contents: Nous assistons actuellement au peuplement des zones périurbaines de la planète par des centaines de millions d’individus. Cette évolution pose de redoutables problèmes et des difficultés inédites pour les politiques publiques. Si les effets de la périurbanisation sont relativement bien connus dans les pays du Nord, les analyses dédiées aux pays du Sud sont bien moins développées. L’ouvrage « Territoires périurbains : développement, enjeux et perspectives dans les pays du Sud » permet de lever un coin du voile sur cette problématique et sur les grands défis que la périurbanisation pose pour le Sud en général et pour l’Afrique centrale en particulier. L’ouvrage débute en cherchant à clarifier ce qu’il faut exactement entendre par « territoire périurbain ». À la suite de cette mise en contexte, il se poursuit par cinq parties organisées autour des problématiques des ressources naturelles, de la sécurité alimentaire, de la santé publique, des services publics et de l’aménagement des territoires. Pour chacune de ces problématiques, des chercheurs spécialisés issus de disciplines variées apportent des contributions qui, tout en soulignant l’ampleur des défis, permettent la mise en avant de solutions innovantes pour améliorer la gouvernance et le bien-être des populations. Cet ouvrage s’adresse d’abord aux chercheurs préoccupés par les défis du développement. En parallèle, par les pistes pour l’action publique qu’il esquisse, il ne manquera pas d’également intéresser les décideurs et les praticiens qui opèrent dans le contexte des territoires périurbains des pays du Sud.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782870161364
    Language: English
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  • 29
    Keywords: environment ; economics ; credit unions ; British Columbia ; Alberta ; sustainable development ; cooperatives
    Description / Table of Contents: When citizens take collaborative action to meet the needs of their community, they are participating in the social economy. Co-operatives, community-based social services, local non-profit organizations, and charitable foundations are all examples of social economies that emphasize mutual benefit rather than the accumulation of profit. While such groups often participate in market-based activities to achieve their goals, they also pose an alternative to the capitalist market economy. Contributors to Scaling Up investigated innovative social economies in British Columbia and Alberta and discovered that achieving a social good through collective, grassroots enterprise resulted in a sustainable way of satisfying human needs that was also, by extension, environmentally responsible. As these case studies illustrate, organizations that are capable of harnessing the power of a social economy generally demonstrate a commitment to three outcomes: greater social justice, financial self-sufficiency, and environmental sustainability. Within the matrix of these three allied principles lie new strategic directions for the politics of sustainability.Whether they were examining attainable and affordable housing initiatives, co-operative approaches to the provision of social services, local credit unions, farmers’ markets, or community-owned power companies, the contributors found social economies providing solutions based on reciprocity and an understanding of how parts function within the whole—an understanding that is essential to sustainability. In these locally defined and controlled, democratically operated organizations we see possibilities for a more human economy that is capable of transforming the very social and technical systems that make our current way of life unsustainable.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 301 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781771990226
    Language: English
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  • 30
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The power sector carries a considerably great burden of the CO2 emission reductions required to address climate change, a feature common to many scenarios of emissions abatement. These reductions will only be possible if existing plants are replaced with more efficient and less-emitting types of plants over the coming decades. This report identifies the investments needed in the power sector, and their related risk factors.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 31
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Electricity use is growing worldwide, providing a range of energy services: lighting, heating and cooling, specific industrial uses, entertainment, information technologies, and mobility. Because its generation remains largely based on fossil fuels, electricity is also the largest and the fastest-growing source of energy-related CO2 emissions, the primary cause of human-induced climate change. Forecasts from the IEA and others show that “decarbonising” electricity and enhancing end-use efficiency can make major contributions to the fight against climate change. Global and regional trends on electricity supply and demand indicate the magnitude of the decarbonisation challenge ahead. As climate concerns become an essential component of energy policy-making, the generation and use of electricity will be subject to increasingly strong policy actions by governments to reduce their associated CO2 emissions. Despite these actions, and despite very rapid growth in renewable energy generation, significant technology and policy challenges remain if this unprecedented essential transition is to be achieved. The IEA Climate and Electricity Annual 2011 provides an authoritative resource on progress to date in this area, with statistics related to CO2 and the electricity sector across ten regions of the world. It also presents topical analyses on meeting the challenge of rapidly curbing CO2 emissions from electricity, from both a policy and technology perspective.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (90 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 32
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This article assesses the long-term economic and climatic effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical global climate change mitigation policy. Based on emission trends, abatement costs and equilibrium climate sensitivity from IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms that price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends. In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. Furthermore,this analysis shows that rigid targets may entail greater economic risks with little or no comparative advantage for the climate. More ambitious emission objectives, combined with price caps and price floors, could still entail significantly lower expected costs while driving similar, or even slightly better, climatic outcomes in probabilistic terms.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 33
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper compares model estimates of national and sectoral GHG mitigation potential across six key OECD GHG-emitting economies: Australia, Canada, the EU, Japan, Mexico and the US. It examines the implications of model structure, baseline and policy assumptions, and assesses GHG mitigation potential estimates across a variety of models, including models that are used to inform climate policy-makers in each of these economies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (85 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 34
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This study assesses the long-term economic and environmental effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical climate change mitigation architecture, which aims to reduce global energy-related CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050. Based on abatement costs in IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms what qualitative analyses have already suggested: introducing price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends. In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. See also Assessing the value of price caps and floors, November 2009 This study assesses the long-term economic and environmental effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical climate change mitigation architecture, which aims to reduce global energy-related CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050. Based on abatement costs in IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms what qualitative analyses have already suggested: introducing price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends. In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. With price caps, the expected costs could be reduced by about 50% and the uncertainty on economic costs could be one order of magnitude lower. Reducing economic uncertainties may spur the adoption of more ambitious policies by helping to alleviate policy makers’ concerns of economic risks. Meanwhile, price floors would reduce the level of emissions beyond the objective if the abatement costs ended up lower than forecasted. If caps and floors are commensurate with the ambition of the policy pursued and combined with slightly tightened emission objectives, climatic results could be on average similar to those achieved with “straight” objectives (i.e. with no cost-containment mechanism).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 35
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA is undertaking a strategic inititive to improve global energy data and analysis by better incorporating energy sector methane emissions and recovery opportunities. The ultimate goal of this effort is to expand opportunities for cost-effective methane reductions from oil and natural gas facilities, landfills, and coal mines. Methane (CH4) is a hydrocarbon that is the primary component of natural gas. It is also a potent greenhouse gas(GHG), meaning that its presence in the atmosphere affects the earth’s temperature and climate system. As a result, efforts to reduce methane emissions by using methane for energy production can yield environmental, economic, and energy benefits.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 36
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    London : Bloomsbury Academic
    Keywords: Ecocriticism ; Literature and the Environment ; Literary Studies ; Literary Theory ; Comparative Literature
    Description / Table of Contents: Drawing on the latest debates in ecocritical theory and sustainability studies, Literature as Cultural Ecology: Sustainable Texts outlines a new approach to the reading of literary texts. Hubert Zapf considers the ways in which literature operates as a form of cultural ecology, using language, imagination and critique to challenge and transform cultural narratives of humanity’s relationship to nature. In this way, the book demonstrates the important role that literature plays in creating a more sustainable way of life. Applying this approach to works by writers such as Emily Dickinson, Edgar Allen Poe, Herman Melville, William Faulkner, Toni Morrison, Zakes Mda, and Amitav Ghosh, Literature as Cultural Ecology is an essential contribution to the contemporary environmental humanities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 302 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781474274685
    Language: English
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  • 37
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    London : Bloomsbury Academic
    Keywords: Politics ; Politics and International Relations ; Insurance ; Economic Insecurity
    Description / Table of Contents: The world is witnessing the paradox of simultaneous increase in income and insecurity. According to available data, global average per capita income has increased in recent decades, while at the same time actual and perceived insecurity has also increased. This paradox is true for both developed and developing countries. However, the concrete form and causes of insecurity differs across these two groups of countries. To the extent that income levels in many developing countries are very low, economic insecurity in these countries takes a starker and chronic form. In Financing for Overcoming Economic Insecurity, leading experts examine the causes and consequences of rising economic insecurity and policy measures that can be adopted to overcome insecurity. The volume contains papers addressing issues of economic insecurity pertaining to both developed and developing countries and caused by both economic factors and natural hazards. It also discusses the issues at both macro and micro levels. The volume’s focus on policy measures, such as redistribution and reinvestment of profit income in developed countries and imposition of capital control and promotion of micro insurance in developing countries, should be of much help to policymakers as well as researchers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 248 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781472544421
    Language: English
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  • 38
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The purpose of this report is to first present each of these criticisms in what we hope is an accurate manner. We then respond to each criticism based on actual experience with energy efficiency policies, programmes and measures in OECD countries. From this review, we draw conclusions regarding the merits of each criticism. We also make suggestions as to how energy efficiency proponents, analysts and policy makers could improve the design and analysis of future energy efficiency policies and programmes, based on the issues raised by the critics.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 39
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    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The entry into force of the Paris Agreement has raised hopes and expectations of more concerted global efforts to tackle climate change, but how will the various country climate pledges made in Paris really affect the efficiency and carbon footprint of the energy sector? Will market dynamics change for oil, natural gas and coal - or might the slump in prices for some fuels be here to stay? How can governments address the impact of local pollution, often energy-related, on air quality? The World Energy Outlook 2016, released on 16 November, will shed light on all of these questions and more, all with the customary mix of rigorous quantitative modelling and insightful analysis. The WEO-2016 will include a particular focus on the following topical issues: -〉 The impact of COP21: WEO-2016 will track progress with the implementation of the different pledges made at COP21 and judge what they mean for long-term energy trends. Based on this assessment, it will examine and present policy options to bridge the gap and reach climate objectives. -〉 Major focus on renewables: renewable energy is vital to steer the energy system to the low-carbon future envisioned in the Paris agreement. This analysis will assess the rapid improvement in the competitiveness and economics of renewables, relative to fossil-fuels and other low carbon options, as well as the opportunities and questions that a rising share of renewable energy open up for the energy system as a whole. -〉 The road ahead for fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas remain the bedrock of global energy use but all face an uncertain period of adjustment, both to today’s market conditions and – over the longer term – to the prospect of a new policy landscape post-COP21. With lower prices bringing down the axe on many new projects, WEO-2016 will assess the impact on tomorrow’s market balances and the different pathways and risks that lie further ahead. -〉 Energy and water: Energy depends on water, and water requires energy. This analysis will assess current and future freshwater requirements for energy production, highlighting potential vulnerabilities and key stress points.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (667 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264264946
    Language: English
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  • 40
    Keywords: Economics ; Management science ; Economic policy ; Economics ; Economic Policy ; Economics, general
    Description / Table of Contents: In recent years, the European Commission has attached increasing importance to the use of financial engineering instruments rather than traditional grant-based financing for the microcredit sector, considering these to be the most efficient option available. This book presents a study of capacity building and structural funds in public managing authorities for the microcredit sector. It presents two surveys to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the managing authorities' capacity building. The first survey investigates the authorities' need for and interests in capacity building activities, assessing the areas in which capacity building support is needed, and explores the different types of support offered. The second survey analyses the results of the microcredit and microfinance programming activity, investigating its target groups and other operational features. It examines the key monitoring and reporting issues involved in this activity, before analysing the regulatory framework of the microcredit and microfinance sector. This book presents an in-depth analysis of structural funds and their management by policy-makers in the European convergence regions. It explores the interests of managing authorities, microcredit institutions, operators and other financial intermediaries involved in microcredit programming activities, and offers some core strategic and operational recommendations for the use of structural funds in the microcredit sector
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXX, 286 pages)
    ISBN: 9781137536020
    Language: English
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  • 41
    Keywords: Economic policy ; Development economics ; Regional economics ; Spatial economics ; Economics ; Development Economics ; Economic Policy ; Regional/Spatial Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Why should people - and economies - save? This book on the savings problem in Latin America and the Caribbean suggests that, while saving to survive the bad times is important, saving to thrive in the good times is what really counts. People must save to invest in health and education, live productive and fulfilling lives, and make the most of their retirement years. Firms must save to grow their enterprises, employ more workers in better jobs, and produce quality goods. Governments must save to build the infrastructure required by a productive economy, provide quality services to their citizens, and assure their senior citizens a dignified, worry-free retirement. In short, countries must save not for the proverbial rainy day, but for a sunny day - a time when everyone can bask in the benefits of growth, prosperity, and well-being. This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO license
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 329 pages) , 94 illustrations, 91 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9781349949298
    Language: English
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  • 42
    Keywords: Microeconomics ; International economics ; Development economics ; Regional economics ; Spatial economics ; Economics ; Development Economics ; Microeconomics ; International Economics ; Regional/Spatial Science
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume uses the study of firm dynamics to investigate the factors preventing faster productivity growth in Latin America and the Caribbean, pushing past the limits of traditional macroeconomic analyses. Each chapter is dedicated to an examination of a different factor affecting firm productivity - innovation, ICT usage, on-the-job-training, firm age, access to credit, and international linkages - highlighting the differences in firm characteristics, behaviors, and strategies. By showcasing this remarkable heterogeneity, this collection challenges regional policymakers to look beyond one-size-fits-all solutions and create balanced policy mixes tailored to distinct firm needs.       This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO license.      
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 346 pages)
    ISBN: 9781349581511
    Language: English
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  • 43
    Keywords: Ethnology ; Africa ; Political economy ; International relations ; Pharmacology ; International economics ; Economic policy ; Economics ; Economic Policy ; International Relations ; Pharmacology/Toxicology ; Political Economy ; African Culture ; International Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is open access under a CC-BY license. The importance of the pharmaceutical industry in Sub-Saharan Africa, its claim to policy priority, is rooted in the vast unmet health needs of the sub-continent. Making Medicines in Africa is a collective endeavour, by a group of contributors with a strong African and more broadly Southern presence, to find ways to link technological development, investment and industrial growth in pharmaceuticals to improve access to essential good quality medicines, as part of moving towards universal access to competent health care in Africa. The authors aim to shift the emphasis in international debate and initiatives towards sustained Africa-based and African-led initiatives to tackle this huge challenge. Without the technological, industrial, intellectual, organisational and research-related capabilities associated with competent pharmaceutical production, and without policies that pull the industrial sectors towards serving local health needs, the African sub-continent cannot generate the resources to tackle its populations' needs and demands.    Research for this book has been selected as one of the 20 best examples of the impact of UK research on development. See http://www.ukcds.org.uk/the-global-impact-of-uk-research for further details
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 334 pages)
    ISBN: 9781137546470
    Language: English
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  • 44
    Keywords: Food ; Biotechnology ; International law ; Trade ; Industrial organization ; International economics ; Development economics ; Agricultural economics ; Economics ; Agricultural Economics ; Development Economics ; Food Science ; Industrial Organization ; International Economic Law, Trade Law ; International Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword --- Introduction --- Part I: Food Price Volatility at International Food Commodity markets --- Part II: Commodity and Financial Market Linkages --- Part 3: National and Regional Response to Food Price volatility --- Part IV: the Micro-Economics of Price risk, volatility and Price shocks: Household, Firms and Communities
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 626 pages) , 134 illustrations, 56 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319282015
    Language: English
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  • 45
    Keywords: Entrepreneurship ; Management ; Industrial management ; Evolutionary economics ; Industrial organization ; European Economic Community literature ; Economic policy ; Economics ; Industrial Organization ; Entrepreneurship ; Institutional/Evolutionary Economics ; R & D/Technology Policy ; Innovation/Technology Management ; European Integration
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: Europe's Innovation Emergency --- Innovation and Entrepreneurship in the European Union - a Reform Agenda --- Summary and Conclusions
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 102 pages) , 18 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319550923
    Language: English
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  • 46
    Keywords: Political economy ; Economic history ; Economic growth ; Social structure ; Social inequality ; Economics ; Economic History ; Latin American and Caribbean Economics ; Social Structure, Social Inequality ; Political Economy ; Economic Growth
    Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION --- Chapter1. Long-run inequality trends and cycles and the recent inequality downturn in Latin America --- PART I. LONG-RUN TRENDS --- Chapter 2. Functional Inequality in Latin America: News from the Twentieth Century --- Chapter 3. The Political Economy of Income Inequality in Chile since 1850 --- Chapter 4. What Human Heights Can Explain about the Evolution of Living Standards and Inequality in Latin America: the Case of Mexican Females and Males, 1850-1992 --- Chapter 5. Long-run Human Development in Mexico: 1895-2010 --- Chapter 6. Inequality, Institutions, and Long-Term Development: A Perspective from Brazilian Regions --- Chapter 7. Historical perspectives on regional income inequality in Brazil, 1872-2000 --- Chapter 9. Racial Inequality in Brazil from Independence to Present --- Chapter 10. The lingering face of gender inequality in Latin America --- Chapter 11. Fiscal Redistribution in Latin America since the Nineteenth Century --- PART II. THE RECENT INEQUALITY DOWNTURN --- Chapter 12. Inequality in Latin America --- Chapter 13. The Inequality Story in Latin America and the Caribbean: Searching for an Explanation --- Chapter 14. The Political Economy of Inequality at the Top in Contemporary Chile --- Chapter 15. Structural change and the fall of income inequality in Latin America - Agricultural development, inter-sectoral duality and the Kuznets curve --- Chapter 16. Fiscal policy and inequality in Latin America 1960-2012 --- Chapter 17. Challenges for Social Policy in a Less Favorable Macroeconomic Context
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 419 pages) , 90 illustrations, 59 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319446219
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  • 47
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    London : Palgrave Macmillan
    Keywords: Marketing ; Public relations ; Computer organization ; International economics ; Economics ; Sociology ; Economics ; International Economics ; Sociology, general ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Marketing ; Economic Systems ; Corporate Communication/Public Relations
    Description / Table of Contents: A PDF version of this book is available for free in open access via the OAPEN Library platform, www.oapen.org. This book examines the significance of networks among the firms operative in the contemporary Russian software industry in the St. Petersburg region
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 184 pages)
    ISBN: 9780230294936
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  • 48
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    London : Palgrave Macmillan
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Political economy ; Macroeconomics ; Development economics ; Environmental economics ; Urban economics ; Economics ; Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics ; Urban Economics ; Banking ; Environmental Economics ; Development Economics ; Political Economy
    Description / Table of Contents: A PDF version of this book is available for free in open access via the OAPEN Library platform, www.oapen.org. This book examines the emergence of both financial markets and carbon markets, and provides an in-depth investigation on the fundamental determinants of financial development
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 206 pages)
    ISBN: 9780230302495
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  • 49
    Keywords: Industrial management ; Environmental aspects ; International economics ; Development economics ; Childhood ; Adolescence ; Social groups ; Economic development ; Social policy ; Economics ; Development Economics ; Children, Youth and Family Policy ; Development Studies ; International Economics ; Childhood, Adolescence and Society ; Sustainability Management
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO license.  The Early Years analyzes the development of Latin American and Caribbean children and makes a compelling case for government intervention in what is instinctively a family affair. Spending on effective programs for young children is an investment that, if done well, will have very high returns, while failure to implement such programs will lower the returns on the hefty investments being made in primary, secondary, and higher education. Policies for young children belong at the core of a country's development agenda, alongside policies to develop infrastructure and strengthen institutions. However, if the services provided (or funded) by governments are to benefit children, they must be substantially better than what is currently being delivered in the region. This book offers suggestions for improving public policy in this critical area
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 262 pages)
    ISBN: 9781137536495
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  • 50
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: personal values ; organizational values ; congruence phenomenon ; organizational performance ; organizational climate
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introductory Chapter: Congruence of Personal and Organizational Values—How to Deal with? by Jolita Vveinhardt --- Chapter 2: Impact of Real and Propagated Values on Organisational Success by Eneken Titov and Ljudmila Umarova --- Chapter 3: Personal-Organizational Value Congruence as a Mediator Between Personality and Employee Attitudes by Doruk Uysal-Irak --- Chapter 4: Strengthening the Congruence of Personal and Organizational Values by Evelina Gulbovaite --- Chapter 5: Grading Intellectual Work Output by Fractional Approach to Excellence: A Score Sheet for Every Activity by Manfred Fehr
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535136668
    Language: English
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  • 51
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    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Since WEO-2008, the economic downturn has led to a drop in energy use, CO2 emissions and energy investment. Is this an opportunity to arrest climate change or a threat that any economic upturn might be stifled at birth? What package of commitments and measures should the climate negotiators at Copenhagen put together if they really want to stop global temperatures rising? How much would it cost? And how much might the developed world have to pay to finance action elsewhere? How big is the gas resource base and what is the typical pattern of production from a gas field? What does the unconventional gas boom in the United States mean for the rest of the world? Are we headed for a global gas glut? What role will gas play in the future energy mix? And how might the way gas is priced change? All these questions and many others are answered in WEO-2009. The data are extensive, the projections more detailed than ever and the analyses compelling.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (696 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264061309
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    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 300 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9264148167
    Language: English
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  • 53
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    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Pages: Online-Ressource (530 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9264198350
    Language: English
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    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oil prices have broken $50 a barrel, soaring Chinese demand is rocking energy markets, and climate-destabilising carbon emissions grow apace. The World Energy Outlook 2004 offers the statistical background and analytical insight.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (570 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9264108173
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  • 55
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This year's edition of this key source for global energy statistics, projections and analysis focuses on trends and developments in the major oil and gas producing countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, in order to assess whether energy production from this region will increase sufficiently to satisfy global demand. In addition to providing updated projections of world energy demand and supply to 2030, the publication analyses regional trends for oil, natural gas, electricity and water desalination with dedicated chapters on Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. It also includes a 'deferred investment scenario' setting out an analysis of how global energy markets might evolve in a changed investment situation; an in-depth analysis of the global refining industry; and a review of the MENA power and water desalination sectors.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (629 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9264109498
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  • 56
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: World leaders have pledged to act to change the energy future. Some new policies are in place. But the trends in energy demand, imports, coal use and greenhouse gas emissions to 2030 in this year’s World Energy Outlook are even worse than projected in WEO 2006. China and India are the emerging giants of the world economy. Their unprecedented pace of economic development will require ever more energy, but it will transform living standards for billions. There can be no question of asking them selectively to curb growth so as to solve problems which are global. So how is the transition to be achieved to a more secure, lower-carbon energy system? WEO 2007 provides the answers. With extensive statistics, projections in three scenarios, analysis and advice, it shows China, India and the rest of the world why we need to co-operate to change the energy future and how to do it.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (663 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264027305
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    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA's Economic Analysis Division (EAD), with input from other Divisions, produces the World Energy Outlook, the IEA's flagship publication. In even-numbered years, the EAD publishes a global energy survey, including detailed long-term projections of energy demand, energy supply and CO2 emissions. The "WEO" looks from 20 to 30 years into the future, and its projections are based on the World Energy Model . The "World Energy Outlook: Insights" series cover a single aspect of energy, like subsidies in 1999 and global supply in 2001. The WEO Insights series are published in odd-numbered years.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (475 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9264161856
    Language: English
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  • 58
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The recent surge in energy prices has drawn attention to the availability and security of energy resources, and the prospects for both supply and prices. This book contains a detailed analysis of the trends in global energy production and supply, with the focus on primary energy. It considers the main factors driving energy production and distribution, including: the cost of developing resources and bringing them to market; energy pricing; and the impact of government policies. The study's central finding is that reserves of oil, gas, coal and uranium are more than adequate to meet projected demand growth at least until 2020. However, massive investment in energy production and transportation infrastructure will be needed to exploit these reserves. Beyond 2020, new technologies such as hydrogen-based fuel cells, clean coal burning and carbon sequestration hold out the prospect of abundant and clean energy supplies in a world largely free of climate-destabilising carbon emissions.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (421 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9264196587
    Language: English
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    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This publication examines global energy trends and sets out projections for supply and demand of oil, gas, coal and power sectors. It then goes on to present an alternative policy scenario which considers the energy challenges we need to address to secure a sustainable energy future, identifies priority areas for action and key instruments, and measures both the costs and cost-effectiveness of alternative policies. Other issues discussed include: the impact of higher energy prices, current trends in oil and gas investment, the prospects for nuclear power, the outlook for biofuels, energy for cooking in developing countries, and an in-depth study of the energy sector in Brazil.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (596 Seiten)
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9264109897
    Language: English
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  • 60
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    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Are world oil and gas supplies under threat? How could a new international accord on stabilising greenhouse-gas emissions affect global energy markets? World Energy Outlook 2008 answers these and other burning questions. WEO-2008 draws on the experience of another turbulent year in energy markets to provide new energy projections to 2030, region by region and fuel by fuel. It incorporates the latest data and policies. WEO-2008 focuses on two pressing issues facing the energy sector today: - Prospects for oil and gas production: How much oil and gas exists and how much can be produced? Will investment be adequate? Through field-by-field analysis of production trends at 800 of the world’s largest oilfields, an assessment of the potential for finding and developing new reserves and a bottom-up analysis of upstream costs and investment, WEO-2008 takes a hard look at future global oil and gas supply. - Post-2012 climate scenarios: What emissions limits might emerge from current international negotiations on climate change? What role could cap-and-trade and sectoral approaches play in moving to a low-carbon energy future? Two different scenarios are assessed, one in which the atmospheric concentration of emissions is stabilised at 550 parts per million (ppm) in CO2 equivalent terms and the second at the still more ambitious level of 450 ppm. The implications for energy demand, prices, investment, air pollution and energy security are fully spelt out. This groundbreaking analysis will enable policy makers to distill the key choices as they strive to agree in Copenhagen in 2009 on a post-Kyoto climate framework. With extensive data, detailed projections and in-depth analysis, WEO-2008 provides invaluable insights into the prospects for the global energy market and what they mean for climate change.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (569 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264045606
    Language: English
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    Pages: Online-Ressource (893-1910 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780444504715
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    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1-3843 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780444823403
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    Pages: Online-Ressource (1521-2351 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780444894281
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    Pages: Online-Ressource (1689-2249)
    ISBN: 9780444510792
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    Pages: Online-Ressource (1061-1822, I1-I46 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780444520432
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    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4777-5752, I1-I52 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780444532008
    Language: English
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  • 67
    Pages: Online-Ressource (2251-3031)
    ISBN: 9780444518736
    Language: English
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9780444519108
    Language: English
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  • 69
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1-1098, I1-I32 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780444826428
    Language: English
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  • 70
    Unknown
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pages: Online-Ressource (3-771 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780444861856
    Language: English
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  • 71
    Unknown
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pages: Online-Ressource (775-1461 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780444861863
    Language: English
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  • 72
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1-918 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780444816313
    Language: English
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  • 73
    Pages: Online-Ressource (745-1209)
    ISBN: 9780444507297
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  • 74
    Unknown
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
    Keywords: Business ; Library science ; Management science ; Literacy ; Business and Management ; Business and Management, general ; Library Science ; Literacy
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I Information Profession and Information Literacy --- Chapter 1 Career and Professional Opportunities and Challenges for Librarians and Other Information Professionals Specializing in Information Literacy and Lifelong Learning --- Chapter 2 So What’s the Big Deal With Information Literacy in the United States? --- Chapter 3 A Group Discussion on Information Literacy --- Part II Trends of Library and Information Sciences Education --- Chapter 4 iSchools & the iSchool at Syracuse University --- Part III Information Seeking and Retrieval --- Chapter 5 Visual Data Mining in a Q&A based Social Media Website --- Chapter 6 Information Seeking Behaviour and Usage on a Multi-media Platform: Case Study Europeana --- Chapter 7 Exploratory Search: a Critical Analysis of the Theoretical Foundations, Systems Features, and Research Trends --- Part IV Informatics --- Chapter 8 Scientific Datasets: Informetric Characteristics and Social Utility Metrics for Biodiversity Data Sources --- Chapter 9 Knowledge Discovery of Complex Networks Research Literature --- Chapter 10 Bibliometrics and University Research Rankings Demystified for Librarians --- Part V Development of World Libraries --- Chapter 11 The Development of East Asian Libraries in North America
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 177 pages) , 49 illustrations, 30 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783642548123
    Language: English
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  • 75
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Does growth in North American oil supply herald a new era of abundance - or does turmoil in parts of the Middle East cloud the horizon? How much can energy efficiency close the competitiveness gap caused by differences in regional energy prices? What considerations should shape decision-making in countries using, pursuing or phasing out nuclear power? How close is the world to using up the available carbon budget, which cannot be exceeded if global warming is to be contained? How can sub-Saharan Africa's energy sector help to unlock a better life for its citizens? Answers to these questions and a host of others are to be found in the pages of World Energy Outlook 2014 (WEO-2014), released on 12 November in London. Bringing together the latest data and policy developments, the WEO-2014 presents up to date projections of energy trends for the first time through to 2040. Oil, natural gas, coal, renewables and energy efficiency are covered, along with updates on trends in energy-related CO2emissions, fossil-fuel and renewable energy subsidies, and universal access to modern energy services.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (726 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264208056
    Language: English
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  • 76
    Keywords: humanities ; archaeology ; landscape archaeology ; landscape ; biography ; history ; archaeology ; human geography
    Description / Table of Contents: ‘Landscape Biographies’ explores the long and complex histories of landscapes from personal and social perspectives. As an essential part of human life-worlds, landscapes have the potential to absorb something of people's lives, works, and thoughts. But landscapes also shape their own life-histories at different timescales, transcending human life-cycles and generating their own temporalities and rhythms. It comes as no surprise, therefore, that the co-scripting of landscapes and people figures prominently in the (auto-)biographical works of writers and attracts the interest of geographers, archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists. This has even resulted in a new genre in landscape research, rapidly gaining in popularity, under the heading of 'landscape biography'. In ‘Landscape Biographies’, twenty geographers, archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists investigate the diverse ways in which landscapes and monuments have been constructed, transmitted, and transformed from prehistory up to the present, from Manhattan to Shanghai, from Iceland to Portugal, and from England to Estonia. Among the authors are distinguished scholars like Gísli Pálsson, Cornelius Holtorf, Joshua Pollard, and Mark Gillings.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (437 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789048517800
    Language: English
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  • 77
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper explores the relationships between climate policy and renewable energy policy instruments. It shows that, even where CO2 emissions are duly priced, specific incentives for supporting the early deployment of renewable energy technologies are justified by the steep learning curves of nascent technologies. This early investment reduces costs in the longer term and makes renewable energy affordable when it needs to be deployed on a very large scale to fully contribute to climate change mitigation and energy security. The paper also reveals other noteworthy interaction effects of climate policy and renewable policy instruments on the wholesale electricity prices in deregulated markets, which open new areas for future research.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 78
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The main message of this paper is that while carbon pricing is a prerequisite for least-cost carbon mitigation strategies, carbon pricing is not enough to overcome all the barriers to cost-effective energy efficiency actions. Energy efficiency policy should be designed carefully for each sector to ensure optimal outcomes for a combination of economic, social and climate change goals. The main message of this paper is that while carbon pricing is a prerequisite for least-cost carbon mitigation strategies, carbon pricing is not enough to overcome all the barriers to cost-effective energy efficiency actions. Energy efficiency policy should be designed carefully for each sector to ensure optimal outcomes for a combination of economic, social and climate change goals. This paper aims to examine the justification for specific energy efficiency policies in economies with carbon pricing in place. The paper begins with an inventory of existing market failures that attempt to explain the limited uptake of energy efficiency. These market failures are investigated to see which can be overcome by carbon pricing in two subsectors – electricity use in residential appliances and heating energy use in buildings. This analysis finds that carbon pricing addresses energy efficiency market failures such as externalities and imperfect energy markets. However, several market and behavioural failures in the two subsectors are identified that appear not to be addressed by carbon pricing. These include: imperfect information; principal-agent problems; and behavioural failures. In this analysis, the policies that address these market failures are identified as complementary to carbon pricing and their level of interaction with carbon pricing policies is relatively positive. These policies should be implemented when they can improve energy efficiency effectively and efficiently (and achieve other national goals such as improving socio-economic efficiency).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 79
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This joint report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is the eighth in a series of studies on electricity generating costs, presenting levilised cost of electricity projections for baseload and renewable generation plants commissioned in 2020, except where noted, in 22 countries. As policy makers work to ensure that the power supply is reliable, secure and affordable, while making it increasingly clean and sustainable in the context of the debate on climate change, it is becoming more crucial that they understand what determines the relative cost of electricity generation using fossil fuel, nuclear or renewable sources of energy. A wide range of fuels and technologies are presented in the report, including natural gas, coal, nuclear, hydro, solar, onshore and offshore wind, biomass and biogas, geothermal, and combined heat and power, drawing on a database from surveys of investment and operating costs that include a larger number of countries than previous editions. The analysis of more than 180 plants, based on data covering 22 countries, reveals several key trends, pointing, for example, to a significant decline in recent years in the cost of renewable generation. The report also reveals that nuclear energy costs remain in line with the cost of other baseload technologies, particularly in markets that value decarbonisation. Overall, cost drivers of the different generating technologies remain both market-specific and technology-specific. Readers will find a wealth of details and analysis, supported by over 200 figures and tables, underlining this report’s value as a tool for decision makers and researchers concerned with energy policies, climate change and the evolution of power sectors around the world.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (211 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264244436
    Language: English
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  • 80
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Climate change is a major challenge. Secure, reliable and affordable energy supplies are needed for economic growth, but increases in the associated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are the cause of major concern. About 69% of all CO2 emissions, and 60% of all greenhouse gas emissions, are energy-related. Recent IEA analysis in Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 (ETP) projects that the CO2 emissions attributable to the energy sector will increase by 130% by 2050 in the absence of new policies or supply constraints, largely as a result of increased fossil fuel usage. The 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report indicates that such a rise in emissions could lead to a temperature increase in the range of 4-7°C, with major impacts on the environment and human activity. It is widely agreed that a halving of energy-related CO2 emissions is needed by 2050 to limit the expected temperature increase to less than 3 degrees. To achieve this will take an energy technology revolution involving increased energy effi ciency, increased renewable energies and nuclear power, and the decarbonisation of power generation from fossil fuels. The only technology available to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from large-scale fossil fuel usage is CO2 capture and storage (CCS). The ETP scenarios demonstrate that CCS will need to contribute nearly one-fi fth of the necessary emissions reductions to reduce global GHG emissions by 50% by 2050 at a reasonable cost. CCS is therefore essential to the achievement of deep emission cuts. Most of the major world economies recognise this, and have CCS technology development programmes designed to achieve commercial deployment. In fact, at the 2008 Hokkaido Toyako summit, the G8 countries endorsed the IEA’s recommendation that 20 large-scale CCS demonstration projects need to be committed by 2010, with a view to beginning broad deployment by 2020. Ministers specifi cally asked for an assessment by the IEA in 2010 of the implementation of these recommendations, as well as an assessment of progress towards accelerated deployment and commercialisation. Current spending and activity levels are nowhere near enough to achieve these deployment goals. CCS technology demonstration has been held back for a number of reasons. In particular, CCS technology costs have increased signifi cantly in the last 5 years. In the absence of suitable fi nancial mechanisms to support CCS, including signifi cant public and private funding for nearterm demonstrations and longer-term integration of CCS into GHG regulatory and incentive schemes, high costs have precluded the initiation of large-scale CCS projects. The regulatory framework necessary to support CCS projects also needs to be further developed. Despite important progress, especially in relation to international marine protection treaties, no country has yet developed the comprehensive, detailed legal and regulatory framework that is necessary effectively to govern the use of CCS. CCS is also poorly understood by the general public. As a result, there is a general lack of public support for CCS as compared to several other GHG mitigation options. This report attempts to address some of these issues by collecting the best global information about the cost and performance of CO2 capture, transport and storage technologies throughout the CCS project chain. Chapters 1-4 contain this information, and use it to conduct a scenario analysis of the role of CCS in climate change mitigation. Chapter 5 discusses the fi nancial incentive mechanisms that governments can use to provide both short- and long-term incentives for CCS. This chapter also contains an expansion and update of the 2007 IEA publication Legal Aspects of CO2 Storage: Updates and Recommendations and examines the current state of public awareness and acceptance of the relevant technologies. Chapter 6 includes a review of the status of CCS policies, research and demonstration programmes, and CO2 storage prospects for several regions and countries. Chapter 7 concludes with a proposed CCS roadmap that includes the necessary technical, political, fi nancial and international collaboration activities to enable CCS to make the contribution it needs to make to global GHG mitigation in the coming decades.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 81
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oil and gas markets have been marked by an increased divergence in recent months. On the one hand, oil market developments have generated an unpleasant sense of déja vu: rapid demand growth in emerging markets eclipsed sluggish supply growth to push prices higher even before the conflict in Libya tightened supplies still further. Oil prices around $100/bbl are weighing down on an already-fragile macroeconomic and financial situation in the OECD, pressuring national budgets in the non-OECD and causing price inflation of other commodities, as well as political concerns about speculation. There is an uncanny resemblance to the first half of 2008. On the other hand, in the world of natural gas an amazing disconnect has developed as demand recovered to well above pre-financial-crisis levels in most major regions. Gas markets have tightened in Europe and Asia, where prices are about twice the level seen in the United States, as the unconventional gas revolution is in full swing. From the upstream implications of the Arab Spring to the macroeconomic consequences of the eurozone crisis, energy markets are experiencing one of the most uncertain periods in decades. Medium-Term Oil and Gas Markets 2011 provides a comprehensive outlook for oil and gas fundamentals through 2016. The oil market analysis covers demand developments on a product-by-product and key-sector basis, as well as a detailed bottom-up assessment of upstream and refinery investments, trade flows, oil products supply and OPEC spare capacity. The gas market analysis offers a region-by-region assessment of demand and production, infrastructure investment, price developments and prospects for unconventional gas. It also examines the globalising LNG trade.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 82
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Natural gas is poised to enter a golden age, but this future hinges critically on the successful development of the world’s vast unconventional gas resources. North American experience shows unconventional gas - notably shale gas - can be exploited economically. Many countries are lining up to emulate this success. But some governments are hesitant, or even actively opposed. They are responding to public concerns that production might involve unacceptable environmental and social damage. This report, in the World Energy Outlook series, treats these aspirations and anxieties with equal seriousness. It features two new cases: a Golden Rules Case, in which the highest practicable standards are adopted, gaining industry a "social licence to operate"; and its counterpart, in which the tide turns against unconventional gas as constraints prove too difficult to overcome.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 83
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Two years after the G8 leaders commitment to the broad deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) by 2020, significant progress has been made towards commercialisation of CCS technologies. Yet the 2008 Hokkaido G8 recommendation to launch 20 large-scale CCS demonstration projects by 2010 remains a challenge and will require that governments and industry accelerate the pace toward achieving this critical goal. This is one of the main findings of a new report by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF), and the Global CCS Institute, to be presented to G8 leaders at their June Summit in Muskoka, Canada.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 84
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents the findings of a new assessment of the techno-economic and policy-related efficiency improvement potential in the North American building stock conducted as part of a wider appraisal of existing buildings in member states of the International Energy Agency. It summarizes results and provides insights into the lessons learned through a broader global review of best practice to improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings. At this time, the report is limited to the USA because of the large size of its buildings market. At a later date, a more complete review may include some details about policies and programs in Canada. If resources are available an additional comprehensive review of Canada and Mexico may be performed in the future.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 85
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse current approaches to encourage energy efficiency in building codes for new buildings. Based on this analysis the paper enumerates policy recommendations for enhancing how energy efficiency is addressed in building codes and other policies for new buildings. This paper forms part of the IEA work for the G8 Gleneagles Plan of Action. These recommendations reflect the study of different policy options for increasing energy efficiency in new buildings and examination of other energy efficiency requirements in standards or building codes, such as energy efficiency requirements by major renovation or refurbishment. In many countries, energy efficiency of buildings falls under the jurisdiction of the federal states. Different standards cover different regions or climatic conditions and different types of buildings, such as residential or simple buildings, commercial buildings and more complicated high-rise buildings. There are many different building codes in the world and the intention of this paper is not to cover all codes on each level in all countries. Instead, the paper details different regions of the world and different ways of standards. In this paper we also evaluate good practices based on local traditions. This project does not seek to identify one best practice amongst the building codes and standards. Instead, different types of codes and different parts of the regulation have been illustrated together with examples on how they have been successfully addressed. To complement this discussion of efficiency standards, this study illustrates how energy efficiency can be improved through such initiatives as efficiency labelling or certification, very best practice buildings with extremely low- or no-energy consumption and other policies to raise buildings’ energy efficiency beyond minimum requirements. When referring to the energy saving potentials for buildings, this study uses the analysis of recent IEA publications, including the World Energy Outlook 2006 (WEO) and Energy Technology Perspective (ETP). Here, we based the estimates of potentials on the scenarios presented, in particular on the predictions of consumption in the residential and commercial sectors in the WEO 2006. Finally, this paper recommends policies which could be used to realise these large and feasible energy saving potentials in new buildings, and the use of building codes by renovation or refurbishment. The paper addresses as well experts as policy makers and interest groups with particular interest in energy efficiency in new buildings. Some parts might hence seem simplified and known for some experts, such as the discussions on barriers or the climatic impact on efficiency. Other parts might on the other hand seem a little technical for the policy oriented reader or for some interest groups. But there are large and compelling opportunities, this is recognised by many experts as well as there is a will to act by many policymakers and governments. But still too little happen because there are barriers and low understanding also in the institutional parts or little communications between different layers of the implementation process. The paper hence aims to bridge these gabs by addressing several different groups at the same time. So hopefully the reader will accept these inconveniences.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (85 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 86
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The world needs ever increasing energy supplies to sustain economic growth and development. But energy resources are under pressure and CO2 emissions from today’s energy use already threaten our climate. What options do we have for switching to a cleaner and more efficient energy future? How much will it cost? And what policies do we need? This second edition of Energy Technology Perspectives addresses these questions, drawing on the renowned expertise of the International Energy Agency and its energy technology network. This publication responds to the G8 call on the IEA to provide guidance for decision makers on how to bridge the gap between what is happening and what needs to be done in order to build a clean, clever and competitive energy future. The IEA analysis demonstrates that a more sustainable energy future is within our reach, and that technology is the key. Increased energy efficiency, CO2 capture and storage, renewables, and nuclear power will all be important. We must act now if we are to unlock the potential of current and emerging technologies and reduce the dependency on fossil fuels with its consequent effects on energy security and the environment. This innovative work demonstrates how energy technologies can make a difference in an ambitious series of global scenarios to 2050. The study contains technology road maps for all key energy sectors, including electricity generation, buildings, industry and transport. Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 provides detailed technology and policy insights to help focus the discussion and debate in energy circles..
    Pages: Online-Ressource (500 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 87
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: When the incandescent lamp was first commercialised the main mode of transport was the horse, trains were powered by steam, balloons were the only means of flight and the telegraph was the state of the art for long-distance communication. Much has changed in the intervening 127 years, but much has also remained the same. In 1879 the incandescent lamp set a new standard in energy-efficient lighting technology, but today good-quality compact fluorescent lamps need only onequarter of the power to provide the same amount of light. Yet most of us continue to rely on the “horse” of the incandescent lamp instead of the “internal combustion engine” of the compact fluorescent lamp. Nor is this the only way in which lighting energy is being wasted. We illuminate rooms when we’re not there, we over-light spaces, we squander available daylight and we underutilise the most efficient street lighting and non-residential building lighting technologies. This might not matter were it not for the severe challenges we face in securing a clean, sustainable and affordable energy system. Electricity generation is the main source of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions and lighting uses one-fifth of its output. Despite having many higher-efficiency and lower-cost alternatives, we continue to use less efficient and more expensive lighting technologies. Is this because we are inherently attached to these older technologies, or is it simply because we stick to what we know when unaware or unsure of the merits of the alternatives? In each of the main lighting end-use sectors (commercial buildings, households, industrial lighting, outdoor lighting and vehicle lighting), this book shows that not only do more cost-effective and higherefficiency alternative choices exist, but that they could be deployed very quickly were the current market barriers to be addressed. Doing this would allow our economies to be stronger and cleaner without sacrificing anything in our quality of life. Moreover, the policies that can bring about this change have been tested and found to work. What is needed is more comprehensive and vigorous implementation in each economy and lighting sector. This book shows us why and how we should do so.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (561 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 88
    Unknown
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Keywords: Natural disaster ; Extreme event ; Pandemic ; Disaster risk finance ; Time inconsistency ; Commitment device ; Planning ; Behavioural psychology ; Politics of disaster relief ; Risk management
    Description / Table of Contents: In recent years, typhoons have struck the Philippines and Vanuatu; earthquakes have rocked Haiti, Pakistan, and Nepal; floods have swept through Pakistan and Mozambique; droughts have hit Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia; and more. All led to loss of life and loss of livelihoods, and recovery will take years. One of the likely effects of climate change is to increase the likelihood of the type of extreme weather events that seems to cause these disasters. But do extreme events have to turn into disasters with huge loss of life and suffering? Dull Disasters? harnesses lessons from finance, political science, economics, psychology, and the natural sciences to show how countries and their partners can be far better prepared to deal with disasters. The insights can lead to practical ways in which governments, civil society, private firms, and international organizations can work together to reduce the risks to people and economies when a disaster looms. Responses to disasters then become less emotional, less political, less headline-grabbing, and more business as usual and effective. The book takes the reader through a range of solutions that have been implemented around the world to respond to disasters. It gives an overview of the evidence on what works and what doesn't and it examines the crucial issue of disaster risk financing. Building on the latest evidence, it presents a set of lessons and principles to guide future thinking, research, and practice in this area.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 139 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780198785576
    Language: English
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  • 89
    Unknown
    Oakland, California : University of California Press
    Keywords: Urban development ; Economic development ; Income distribution ; Regional planning ; Economic policy ; Cities and towns - United States
    Description / Table of Contents: In the last several years, much has been written about growing economic challenges, increasing income inequality, and political polarization in the United States. Addressing these new realities in America’s metropolitan regions, this book argues that a few lessons are emerging: first, inequity is bad for economic growth; second, bringing together the concerns of equity and growth requires concerted local action; and third, the fundamental building block for doing this is the creation of diverse and dynamic epistemic (or knowledge) communities, which help to overcome political polarization and to address the challenges of economic restructuring and social divides.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 350 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780520960046
    Language: English
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  • 90
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper provides the latest developments of announced, proposed and existing greenhouse gas emissions trading schemes (ETS) around the world since 2006. It also examines different potential design options for ETS (e.g. coverage, allocation mode, provision for offsets), and how these options are treated in the existing, announced or proposed schemes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 Seiten)
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  • 91
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The aim of this IEA Information Paper is to help policy makers and other stakeholders understand the challenges facing the incorporation of high efficiency combined heat and power (CHP) into greenhouse gas (GHG) Emissions Trading Schemes (ETSs) – and to propose options for overcoming them.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 Seiten)
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  • 92
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that 100 carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects must be implemented by 2020 and over 3 000 by 2050 if CCS is to fully contribute to the least-cost technology portfolio for CO2 mitigation. To help countries address the many legal and regulatory issues associated with such rapid deployment, the IEA launched the Carbon Capture and Storage Legal and Regulatory Review (CCS Review) in October 2010. The CCS Review gathers contributions by national and regional governments, as well as leading organisations engaged in CCS regulatory activities, to provide a knowledge-sharing forum that supports national-level CCS regulatory development. Each contribution provides a short summary of recent and anticipated developments and highlights a particular regulatory theme (such as financial contributions to long-term stewardship). To introduce each edition, the IEA provides a brief analysis of key advances and trends. Produced bi-annually, the CCS Review provides an up-to-date snapshot of global CCS regulatory developments. The theme for the second edition of the CCS Review, released in May 2011, is long-term liability for stored CO2. Other key issues addressed include: national progress towards implementation of the EU CCS Directive; developments in marine treaties relevant to CCS; international climate change negotiations; and the development process for CCS regulation.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 93
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: What impact will the return of high energy prices have on the fragile economic recovery? Will geopolitical unrest, price volatility and policy inaction defer investment in the oil sector and amplify risks to our energy security? What will renewed uncertainty surrounding the role of nuclear power mean for future energy and environmental trends? Is the gap between our climate actions and our climate goals becoming insurmountable? World Energy Outlook 2011 tackles these and other pressing questions. The latest data, policy developments, and the experience of another turbulent year are brought together to provide robust analysis and insight into global energy markets. WEO-2011 once again gives detailed energy demand and supply projections out to 2035, broken down by region, fuel, sector and scenario.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 94
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA’s Smart Grids Technology Roadmap identified five global trends that could be effectively addressed by deploying smart grids. These are: increasing peak load (the maximum power that the grid delivers during peak hours), rising electricity consumption, electrification of transport, deployment of variable generation technologies (e.g. wind and solar PV) and ageing infrastructure. Along with this roadmap, a new working paper – Impact of Smart Grid Technologies on Peak Load to 2050 – develops a methodology to estimate the evolution of peak load until 2050. It also analyses the impact of smart grid technologies in reducing peak load for four key regions; OECD North America, OECD Europe, OECD Pacific and China. This working paper is a first IEA effort in an evolving modelling process of smart grids that is considering demand response in residential and commercial sectors as well as the integration of electric vehicles.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 Seiten)
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  • 95
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Brazil, China, India and South Africa have each worked to improve access to electricity services. While many of the challenges faced by these countries are similar, the means of addressing them varied in their application and effectiveness. This report analyses the four country profiles, determining the pre-requisites to successful rural electrification policies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 Seiten)
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  • 96
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This chapter considers electrical appliances for home and office, which are produced and consumed in large and increasing numbers in industrialised and, increasingly, in developing economies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 Seiten)
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  • 97
    Keywords: China ; Economic Growth ; Economic Management ; Environmental Management
    Description / Table of Contents: China’s change to a new model of growth, now called the ‘new normal’, was always going to be hard. Events over the past year show how hard it is. The attempts to moderate the extremes of high investment and low consumption, the correction of overcapacity in the heavy industries that were the mainstays of the old model of growth, the hauling in of the immense debt hangover from the fiscal and monetary expansion that pulled China out of the Great Crash of 2008 would all have been hard at any time. They are harder when changes in economic policy and structure coincide with stagnation in global trade and rising protectionist sentiment in developed countries, extraordinarily rapid demographic change and recognition of the urgency of easing the environmental damage from the old model. China’s economy has slowed and there are worries that the authorities will not be able to contain the slowdown within preferred limits. This year’s Update explores the challenge of the slowdown in growth and the change in economic structure. Leading experts on China’s economy and environment review change within China’s new model of growth, and its interaction with ageing, environmental pressure, new patterns of urbanisation, and debt problems at different levels of government. It illuminates some new developments in China’s economy, including the transformational potential of internet banking, and the dynamics of financial market instability. China’s economic development since 1978 is full of exciting change, and this year’s China Update is again the way to know it as it is happening.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 517 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781760460358
    Language: English
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  • 98
    Keywords: Stereotypes ; Stereotypes on scientists ; Stereotypes' removal ; Gender stereotypes in science ; Interaction-based science communication ; Young people and STEM
    Description / Table of Contents: Scientists deserve public recognition. The ways that they are depicted, however, are severely limited in physical and personal traits, helping to establish and enhance stereotypes under the general title of ‘scientist’. These stereotypes range from the arrogant researcher who wants to rule the world, to the lab coat wearing ‘nerdy’ genius, but all generally fall to an extreme view of an existing perception of what a scientist should look and be like. For example, the popular image of ‘a scientist’ overlooks the presence of women almost entirely unless attributed to specific subjects and/or with narrow character depictions. The implications can be far-reaching. Young people, being heavily swayed by what they see and hear in the media, may avoid scientific careers because of these limited or unflattering portrayals of the scientific community, regardless of whether they reflect real life.Based on findings from the Light’13 project, this book examines such stereotypes and questions whether it is possible to adjust people’s perception of scientists and to increase interest in science and scientific careers through a series of specific actions and events.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 103 ppages)
    ISBN: 9781911529057
    Language: English
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  • 99
    Unknown
    Singapore : Springer
    Keywords: Market research ; Statistics ; Market Research/Competitive Intelligence ; Statistics for Business/Economics/Mathematical Finance/Insurance
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I. Introduction --- Chapter 1. Market segmentation --- Chapter 2. Market segmentation analysis --- Part II. Ten steps of market segmentation analysis --- Chapter 3. STEP 1: Deciding (not) to segment --- Chapter 4. STEP 2: Specifying the ideal target segment --- Chapter 5. STEP 3: Collecting data --- Chapter 6. STEP 4: Exploring data --- Chapter 7. STEP 5: Extracting segments --- Chapter 8. STEP 6: Profiling segments --- Chapter 9. STEP 7: Describing segments --- Chapter 10. STEP 8: Selecting (the) target segment(s) --- Chapter 11. STEP 9: Customising the marketing mix --- Chapter 12. STEP 10: Evaluation and monitoring.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 324 pages) , 123 illustrations, 51 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9789811088186
    Language: English
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  • 100
    Unknown
    Cham : Springer
    Keywords: Internet marketing ; Digital media ; Philosophy ; Behavioral economics ; Online Marketing/Social Media ; Digital/New Media ; Philosophy of Technology ; Behavioral/Experimental Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Attention Economics --- Chapter 2. The News Market --- Chapter 3. Attention Speculation and Political Bubbles --- Chapter 4. Alternative Facts, Misinformation, and Fake News --- Chapter 5. Fact Resistance, Populism, and Conspiracy Theory --- Chapter 6. The Post-Factual Democracy
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 144 pages) , 49 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783030008130
    Language: English
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