ALBERT

Note: Contents: PART I GEOLOGICAL AND PALEOECOLOGICAL EVENTS OF THE LATE PLEISTOCENE AND HOLOCENE IN NORTHERN EURASIA. - 1 Geological and Paleoecological Events of the Late Pleistocene along Eurasian Coastal Areas of the Arctic Ocean. - General Upper Pleistocene Stratigraphie Scheme for Northern Eurasia. - Duration of the Mikulino Interglaciation. - Correlation of the Natural Events Correlative with MIS 5d-5a in Northern West Europe and Northwestern Russia. - 2 Late Pleistocene Geologic-Paleoecological Events in the North of European Russia. - Relationship between Land and Sea Areas during the Mikulino Interglacial in Northern Eurasia. - Genetic Types of Continental Sediments. - Marine Sediments of the Boreal Transgression in the North of European Russia. - 3 Main Geologic-Paieoecoioglcal Events of the Late Pleistocene in the North of Western Siberia. - 4 Geologic-Paleoecological Events of the late Pleistocene in the Northern-Siberian Lowland and Taimyr Peninsula. - 5 The Late Glacial Time and Holocene of Northern Eurasia. - 6 Outlines of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene History of the East Arctic Seas. - 7 The Deglaciation Time and Holocene of Northern Eurasia. - PART II MARINE SEDIMENTATION IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN AND SUBARCTIC SEAS. - 8 The Seas of West Subarctic Region. - Geologic and Oceanographic Setting. - History of Sedimentation. - History of Sedimentation Rates. - History of Sedimentation on the Vøring Plateau During the Last 25 ka. - History of Sedimentation at the Continental Margin of Eastern and South-Eastern Greenland During the Last 130 ka. - 9 The Arctic Ocean. - Recent Environment. - Morphostructure, Oceanographic and Sea-Ice Setting, Recent Sediments and Their Mineral Composition. - Facies Variations of Holocene Sediments on the Yermak Plateau (According to Study Data of 〉 63 mkm Fraction). - History of Sedimentation. - History of Sedimentation Rates During the Last 130 ka. - History of Sedimentation on the Yermak Plateau During the Last 190 ka. - Organic-Geochemical Sediment Studies of the Eastern Part of the Central Arctic. - 10 The Western Arctic Seas. - Recent Sedimentation Environment. - The Barents Sea. - The Kara Sea. - Surface Sediments of the Pechora Sea. - Surface Sediments of St. Anna Trough. - Facies Zonality of Surface Sediments in the Eastern Kara Sea. - History of Sedimentation. - Late- and Post-Glacial History of Sedimentation in the Eastern Part of the Barents Sea. - Holocene Sedimentation History in the Southern Novaya Zemlya Trough. - History of Sedimentation in the Pechora Sea During the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. - Light Fraction Mineralogy of the Upper Quaternary Sediments from the Saint Anna Trough and Its Paleoceanographic Interpretation. - Holocene History of Yenisei River Discharge. - Holocene History of Ob River Discharge. - 11 Eastern Arctic Seas. - Recent Sedimentation Environment. - The Laptev Sea. - The East Siberian Sea. - The Chukchi Sea. - History of Sedimentation. - History of Sedimentation in the Laptev Sea During the Late Weichselian to Holocene by Geophysical and Geochemical Data. - Holocene History of the Lena and Other Rivers Discharge in the Laptev Sea. - Organic Geochemical Data About Sedimentation History Along the Continental Slope of the East Siberian Sea During the Last Climatic Cycle. - Preliminary Data About Accumulation of Diatom-Bearing Clayey Silts at the Chukchi Sea Shelf. - 12 Seas of the Eastern Subarctic. - Recent Sedimentation Environment. - History of Sedimentation. - History of Sedimentation in the Deep-Water Part of the Shirshov Ridge (Bering Sea) During the Last Three Marine-Isotope Stages. - History of Sedimentation in the Northern Sea of Okhotsk During the Last 1.1 Ma. - PART III THE LATE PLEISTOCENE PALEOGEOGRAPHIC EVENTS OF NORTHERN EURASIA AND HISTORY OF SEDIMENTATION IN THE SUBARCTIC SEAS AND THE ARCTIC OCEAN IN RELATION TO THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE GLACIATION DURING THE LAST CLIMATIC CYCLE. - 13 Characteristic Features of the Mikulino Landscapes. - 14 Results of Paleoclimate Studies. - 15 Particularities of Sedimentation Processes Within the Continental Blocks and Marine Basins. - Deglaciation Peculiarities. - Facies Variability during Glaciations, Deglaciations, Interglacials. - Geological History of the Arctic Ocean Sea Ice during the Last 60 ka. - Intercoupling of Atmo-, Hydro-, Cryo-, Bio-, and Lithospheres. - References. - Index.

Note: Zsfassung in dt. und engl. Sprache

Note: Contents: Prologue: Searching for a New Kind of Economics ; Japanese Economic Performance During the 1990s ; The Enigma of the Ineffectiveness of Fiscal Policy in the 1990s ; The Enigma of the Ineffectiveness of Interest Rate Policy in the 1990s ; The Enigma of Japan’s Long Recession ; The Enigma of the Ineffectiveness of Structural Policy ; The Enigma of Economic Growth ; The Enigma of the Velocity Decline ; The Enigma of Japanese Asset Prices ; The Enigma of Japanese Capital Flows in the 1980s ; The Enigma of Japanese Bank Lending ; The Enigma of Banking and its Recurring Crises ; Solving the Enigma of Banking and Money ; Credit, Money and the Economy ; Explaining the Velocity Decline ; The Determinants of Growth ; The Cause of the Asset Price Bubbles and Banking Crises ; The Determinants of Japanese Capital Flows in the 1980s ; Why Fiscal Policy Could Not Work ; Monetary Policy in the 1990s and How to Create a Recovery ; Monetary Policy in the 1980s: How Bank Credit was Determined ; Banking Reform ; The Goal of Fiscal, Structural and Monetary Policy ; A New Kind of Economics ; A New Vision of Macroeconomic Policy

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Der 7. Kontinent - Kontinent der Superlative. - 1.1 Begrenzung und kartographische Darstellung. - 1.2 Größe der Antarktis. - 1.3 Superlative und Besonderheiten der Antarktis. - 2 Die Erforschung der Antarktis. - 2.1 Geographische Erforschung. - 2.2 Beginn der geologischen Erforschung. - 2.3 Deutsche Arbeiten in der Antarktis. - 2.4 Die Internationalen Polarjahre. - 2.5 Ziele des 4. Internationalen Polarjahres 2007/08. - 3 Logistische Herausforderungen zur Erforschung einer neuen Welt. - 3.1 Schiffslogistik. - 3.2 Schlittenzüge. - 3.3 Fluglogistik. - 3.4 Forschungsstationen. - 4 Antarktika als Teil des Superkontinentes Gondwana. - 4.1 Geologische Argumente für den Gondwana-Superkontinent. - 4.2 Trennung Antarktikas von den übrigen Gondwana-Kontinenten. - 4.3 Antarktische Platte. - 5 Ein Kontinent wächst - der geologische Bau Antarktikas. - 5.1 Die alten Kratone der Ostantarktis. - 5.2 Grenze Kraton/Faltengürtel. - 5.3 Westantarktische Faltengebirge. - 5.4 Paläozoische Diskordanzflächen - Ausdruck von Zeiten tektonischer Ruhe. - 5.5 Deckgebirge - die Beacon-Supergruppe. - 6 Ein Superkontinent zerfällt - ein Kontinent wird isoliert. - 6.1 Indiz für den Gondwana-Zerfall - der Magmatismus der Ferrar-Supergruppe 6.2 Ein Kontinent wird isoliert - die Entstehung des Südlichen Ozeans. - 7 Die Prozesse der jüngeren Erdgeschichte - Eis, Feuer und tektonische Beben. - 7.1 Die Vereisung des 7. Kontinents. - 7.2 Der junge Vulkanismus. - 7.3 Neotektonik. - 7.4 Seismizität. - 8 Mineralische Rohstoffe - Eldorado oder Sperrkonto Antarktika?. - 8.1 Schwarze Kohle vom Weißen Kontinent?. - 8.2 Eisen aus dem Eis?. - 8.3 Erdöl unter dem Eis?. - 8.4 Metallrohstoffe. - 8.5 Metallische Rohstoffe vom Meeresboden. - 8.6 Rohstoff Eis - Eisberge als Süßwasserquelle?. - 8.7 Bewertung des Rohstoff-Potenzials der Antarktis. - 8.8 Ausblick auf eine zukünftige Entwicklung. - 9 Antarktika - und seine Beziehungen zu Mond, Mars und dem Jupitermond Europa. - 9.1 Meteoriten - Zeugen aus dem All konserviert im ewigen Eis. - 9.2 Vergleiche zwischen dem Weißen Kontinent und dem Roten Planeten. - 9.3 Antarktika - Lake Vostok und der Jupitermond Europa. - 10 Leben vor dem Eis. - 10.1 Fossile Pflanzen. - 10.2 Fossile Invertebraten (Wirbellose). - 10.3 Fossile Vertebraten (Wirbeltiere). - 11 Leben mit dem Eis - extrem angepasste Lebensgemeinschaften. - 11.1 Die antarktische Flora. - 11.2 Die antarktische Fauna. - 11.3 Fremdes Leben in der Antarktis - Aliens als Gefahr!. - 12 Seen unter dem Eis. - 12.1 Neue Methoden glaziologischer Forschung. - 12.2 Überraschende Ergebnisse: Seen unter dem Eis. - 12.3 Lake Vostok - ein Glücksfall für die Wissenschaft: Neue Forschungsziele. - 12.4 Was ist bisher über Lake Vostok bekannt?. - 12.5 Weitere Entdeckungen subglazialer Seen. - 12.6 Neue Technologien zur Erforschung subglazialer Seen. - 13 Wie ewig ist das Ewige Eis?. - 13.1 Meereis im Wechsel der Jahreszeiten. - 13.2 Eisschilde: Eispanzer der Antarktis. - 13.3 Rückzug der Eisströme, Zerfall der Schelfeistafeln - wie reagieren die Eisschilde?. - 13.4 Sorgenkinder Westantarktischer Eisschild und Antarktische Halbinsel. - 13.5 Eisschelfe: Wiege der Tafeleisberge. - 13.6 Einfluss von Eisbergen auf Sedimente: Pflüge für den Meeresboden und Eistransport. - 13.7 Inlandeis: Glücksfall für Megacities am Meer. - 14 Klima im Wandel - Gefahr für Antarktika?. - 14.1 Polarregionen: Schlüsselgebiete für Klimavariationen. - 14.2 Eiszeiten - Sonderfälle in der Klimageschichte der Erde. - 14.3 Ursachen für Klimaänderungen. - 14.4 Der Mensch: Verursacher oder Leidtragender der Klimaänderung?. - 14.5 Können Selbstheilungskräfte der Natur unser Klima retten?. - 14.6 Ein Appell des IPCC an die „Policy Maker". - 14.7 Die Rolle des CO2 in der Klimadiskussion. - 15 Ein Loch im Schutzschild. - 15.1 Die Entdeckung des Ozonlochs. - 15.2 Mechanismus der Ozonausdünnung. - 15.3 Die besondere Rolle der Pole. - 15.4 Ozon - vertikale Verteilung und zeitliche Veränderung. - 15.5 Gefahren durch den fehlenden Ozon-Schutzschild. - 16 Meteorologische Extreme - von stärksten Stürmen und niedrigsten Temperaturen. - 16.1 Bewegte Luftmassen - von Luftschichtung und Windfeldern. - 16.2 Wolken und White Out. - 16.3 Diamantstaub - von Nebel und Niederschlägen. - 16.4 Temperaturen - kälter als im Kühlhaus. - 17 Politik für 60 Grad Süd. - 17.1 Antarktika - Kontinent der Forschung und des Friedens. - 17.2 Wie verwaltet man Antarktika: Gesetze für ein Niemandsland. - 17.3 Vorfahrt für Pinguine - maximaler Umweltschutz für den 7. Kontinent. - 17.4 Wie wird der Antarktisvertrag durchgesetzt und kontrolliert?. - 17.5 Das Antarktisvertragssystem und die Vereinten Nationen. - 17.6 Ausblick. Register. -

Note: CONTENTS: Summary for Policy-Makers. - 1 Climate protection: Swift action is essential. - The scientific evidence is clear. - Compliance with the 2 °C guard rail is worthwhile. - 2 Transforming the world‘s energy systems: The cornerstone of climate protection. - The energy portfolio for the future. - A new generation of energy technologies . - Mobilizing untapped efficiency potential. - Financing the transformation of energy systems. - A new climate policy dynamic. - 3 Implementing and developing the Climate Change Convention. - Making the 2 °C guard rail an international standard. - Gearing the Kyoto Protocol towards the long term. - Agreeing ambitious reduction targets for industrialized countries. - Integrating newly industrializing countries on a differentiated basis. - Giving adaptation high priority. - 4 Agreeing an innovation pact with Road Atlas at the G8 summit. - Agreeing parameters for climate-compatible technologies. - Developing a joint Road Atlas. - Offering technological cooperation as an incentive. - Harnessing impetus for the Climate Change Convention. - 5 Strengthening the EU‘s leading role. - Triggering an efficiency revolution. - Expanding renewables. - Fostering international cooperation in the energy sector. - Making the Emission Trading Scheme efficient and effective . - Strengthening the function of the public sector as a role model. - Implementing the programme of action on ‘sustainable consumption‘. - Redirecting energy subsidies. - Boosting adaptation within the framework of development cooperation. , Deutsche Ausgabe unter dem Titel: Neue Impulse für die Klimapolitik

Note: Inhalt: Die Polarregionen. - Die Arktis. - Die arktische Landschaft. - Leben in der Arktis. - Menschen in der Arktis. - Leben im Wasser. - Leben an Land. - Arktische Vögel. - Die Antarktis. - Die antarktische Landschaft. - Ein Kontinent für die Wissenschaft. - Die Erforschung der Antarktis. - Leben im Meer. - Vögel in der Antarktis. - Polarregionen im Vergleich. - Fakten der Polarregionen. - Register.

Note: Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Scripting versus Traditional Programming 1.1.1 Why Scripting is Useful in Computational Science 1.1.2 Classification of Programming Languages 1.1.3 Productive Pairs of Programming Languages 1.1.4 Gluing Existing Applications 1.1.5 Scripting Yields Shorter Code 1.1.6 Efficiency 1.1.7 Type-Specification (Declaration) of Variables 1.1.8 Flexible Function Interfaces 1.1.9 Interactive Computing 1.1.10 Creating Code at Run Time 1.1.11 Nested Heterogeneous Data Structures 1.1.12 GUI Programming 1.1.13 Mixed Language Programming 1.1.14 When to Choose a Dynamically Typed Language 1.1.15 Why Python? 1.1.16 Script or Program? 1.2 Preparations for Working with This Book 2 Getting Started with Python Scripting 2.1 A Scientific Hello World Script 2.1.1 Executing Python Scripts 2.1.2 Dissection of the Scientific Hello World Script 2.2 Working with Files and Data 2.2.1 Problem Specification 2.2.2 The Complete Code 2.2.3 Dissection 2.2.4 Working with Files in Memory 2.2.5 Array Computing 2.2.6 Interactive Computing and Debugging 2. 2.7 Efficiency Measurements 2.2.8 Exercises 2.3 Gluing Stand-Alone Applications 2.3.1 The Simulation Code 2.3.2 Using Gnuplot to Visualize Curves 2.3.3 Functionality of the Script 2.3.4 The Complete Code 2.3.5 Dissection 2.3.6 Exercises 2.4 Conducting Numerical Experiments 2.4.1 Wrapping a Loop Around Another Script 2.4.2 Generating an HTML Report 2.4.3 Making Animations 2.4.4 Varying Any Parameter 2.5 File Format Conversion 2.5.1 A Simple Read/Write Script 2.5.2 Storing Data in Dictionaries and Lists 2.5.3 Making a Module with Functions 2.5.4 Exercises 3 Basic Python 3.1 Introductory Topics 3.1.1 Recommended Python Documentation 3.1.2 Control Statements 3.1.3 Running Applications 3.1.4 File Reading and Writing 3.1.5 Output Formatting 3.2 Variables of Different Types 3.2.1 Boolean Types 3.2.2 The None Variable 3.2.3 Numbers and Numerical Expressions 3.2.4 Lists and Tuples 3.2.5 Dictionaries 3.2.6 Splitting and Joining Text 3.2.7 String Operations 3.2.8 Text Processing 3.2.9 The Basics of a Python Class 3.2.10 Copy and Assignment 3.2.11 Determining a Variable's Type 3.2.12 Exercises 3.3 Functions 3.3.1 Keyword Arguments 3.3.2 Doc Strings 3.3.3 Variable Number of Arguments 3.3.4 Call by Reference 3.3.5 Treatment of Input and Output Arguments 3.3.6 Function Objects 3.4 Working with Files and Directories 3.4.1 Listing Files in a Directory 3.4.2 Testing File Types 3.4.3 Removing Files and Directories 3.4.4 Copying and Renaming Files 3.4.5 Splitting Pathnames 3.4.6 Creating and Moving to Directories 3.4.7 Traversing Directory Trees 3.4.8 Exercises 4 Numerical Computing in Python 4.1 A Quick NumPy Primer 4.1.1 Creating Arrays 4.1.2 Array Indexing 4.1.3 Loops over Arrays 4.1.4 Array Computations 4.1.5 More Array Functionality 4.1.6 Type Testing 4.1.7 Matrix Objects 4.1.8 Exercises 4.2 Vectorized Algorithms 4.2.1 From Scalar to Array in Function Arguments 4.2.2 Slicing 4.2.3 Exercises 4.3 More Advanced Array Computing 4.3.1 Random Numbers 4.3.2 Linear Algebra 4.3.3 Plotting 4.3.4 Example: Curve Fitting 4.3.5 Arrays on Structured Grids 4.3.6 File I/O with NumPy Arrays 4.3.7 Functionality in the Numpyutils Module 4.3.8 Exercises 4.4 Other Tools for Numerical Computations 4.4.1 The ScientificPython Package 4.4.2 The SciPy Package 4.4.3 The Python- Matlab Interface 3 4.4.4 Symbolic Computing in Python 4.4.5 Some Useful Python Modules 5 Combining Python with Fortran, C, and C++ 5.1 About Mixed Language Programming 5.1.1 Applications of Mixed Language Programming 5.1.2 Calling C from Python 5.1.3 Automatic Generation of Wrapper Code 5.2 Scientific Hello World Examples 5.2.1 Combining Python and Fortran 5.2.2 Combining Python and C 5.2.3 Combining Python and C++ Functions 5.2.4 Combining Python and C++ Classes 5.2.5 Exercises 5.3 A Simple Computational Steering Example 5.3.1 Modified Time Loop for Repeated Simulations 5.3.2 Creating a P ython Interface 5.3.3 The Steering Python Script 5.3.4 Equipping the Steering Script with a GUI 5.4 Scripting Interfaces to Large Libraries 6 Introduction to GUI Programming 6.1 Scientific Hello World GUI 6.1.1 Introductory Topics 6.1.2 The First Python/Tkinter Encounter 6.1.3 Binding Events 6.1.4 Changing the Layout 6.1.5 The Final Scientific Hello World GUI 6.1.6 An Alternative to Tkinter Variables 6.1.7 About the Pack Command 6.1.8 An Introduction to the Grid Geometry Manager 6.1.9 Implementing a GUI as a Class 6.1.10 A Simple Graphical Function Evaluator 6.1.11 Exercises 6.2 Adding GUis to Scripts 6.2.1 A Simulation and Visualization Script with a GUI 6.2.2 Improving the Layout 6.2.3 Exercises 6.3 A List of Common Widget Operations 6.3.1 Frame 6.3.2 Label 6.3.3 Button 6.3.4 Text Entry 6.3.5 Balloon Help 6.3.6 Option Menu 6.3.7 Slider 6.3.8 Check Button 6.3.9 Making a Simple Megawidget 6.3.10 Menu Bar 6.3.11 List Data 6.3.12 Listbox 6.3.13 Radio Button 6.3.14 Combo Box 6.3.15 Message Box 6.3.16 User-Defined Dialogs 6.3.17 Color-Picker Dialogs 6.3.18 File Selection Dialogs 6.3.19 Toplevel 6.3.20 Some Other Types of Widgets 6.3.21 Adapting Widgets to the User's Resize Actions 6.3.22 Customizing Fonts and Colors 6.3.23 Widget Overview 6.3.24 Exercises 7 Web Interfaces and CGI Programming 7.1 Introductory CGI Scripts 7.1.1 Web Forms and CGI Scripts 7.1.2 Generating Forms in CGI Scripts 7.1.3 Debugging CGI Scripts 7.1.4 A General Shell Script Wrapper for CGI Scripts 7.1.5 Security Issues 7.2 Adding Web Interfaces to Scripts 7.2.1 A Class for Form Parameters 7.2.2 Calling Other Programs 7.2.3 Running Simulations 7.2.4 Getting a CGI Script to Work 7.2.5 Using Web Applications from Scripts 7.2.6 Exercises 8 Advanced Python 8.1 Miscellaneous Topics 8.1.1 Parsing Command-Line Arguments 8.1.2 Platform-Dependent Operations 8.1.3 Run-Time Generation of Code 8.1.4 Exercises 8.2 Regular Expressions and Text Processing 8.2.1 Motivation 8.2.2 Special Characters 8.2.3 Regular Expressions for Real Numbers 8.2.4 Using Groups to Extract Parts of a Text 8.2.5 Extracting Interval Limits 8.2.6 Extracting Multiple Matches 8.2.7 Splitting Text 8.2.8 Pattern-Matching Modifiers 8.2.9 Substitution and Backreferences 8.2.10 Example: Swapping Arguments in Function Calls 8.2.11 A General Substitution Script 8.2.12 Debugging Regular Expressions 8.2.13 Exercises 8.3 Tools for Handling Data in Files 8.3.1 Writing and Reading Python Data Structures 8.3.2 Pickling Objects 8.3.3 Shelving Objects 8.3.4 Writing and Reading Zip and Tar Archive Files 8.3.5 Downloading Internet Files 8.3.6 Binary Input/Output 8.3.7 Exercises 8.4 A Database for NumPy Arrays 8.4.1 The Structure of the Database 8.4.2 Pickling 8.4.3 Formatted ASCII Storage 8.4.4 Shelving 8.4.5 Comparing the Various Techniques 8.5 Scripts Involving Local and Remote Hosts 8.5.1 Secure Shell Commands 8.5.2 Distributed Simulation and Visualization 8.5.3 Client/Server Programming 8.5.4 Threads 8.6 Classes 8.6.1 Class Programming 8.6.2 Checking the Class Type 8.6.3 Private Data 8.6.4 Static Data 8.6.5 Special Attributes 8.6.6 Special Methods 8.6.7 Multiple Inheritance 8.6.8 Using a Class as a C-like Structure 8.6.9 Attribute Access via String Names 8.6.10 New-Style Classes 8.6.11 Implementing Get/Set Functions via Properties 8.6.12 Subclassing Built-in Types 8.6.13 Building Class Interfaces at Run Time 8.6.14 Building Flexible Class Interfaces 8.6.15 Exercises 8.7 Scope of Variables 8.7.1 Global, Local, and Class Variables 8.7.2 Nested Functions 8.7.3 Dictionaries of Variables in Namespaces 8.8 Exceptions 8.8.1 Handling Exceptions 8.8.2 Raising Exceptions 8.9 Iterators 8.9.1 Constructing an Iterator 8.9.2 A Pointwise Grid Iterator 8.9.3 A Vectorized Grid Iterator 8.9.4 Generators 8.

Note: Zugl.: Regensburg, Univ., Diss., 2007

Note: Contents: Einleitung ; 1 Veränderungsanforderungen an Weiterbildungsorganisationen ; 2 Organisation ; 3 Grundlagen der Organisationsentwicklung ; 4 Organisationsberatung

Note: CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 BASIC INFORMATION 2.1 SUMMARY TABLE (NET BALANCE, ELA, ELA0, AAR, AAR0) 2.2 CUMULATIVE SPECIFIC NET BALANCE GRAPHS 3 DETAILED INFORMATION 3.1 GLACIAR BAHIA DEL DIABLO (ANTARCTICA) 3.1.1 Topography and observational network 3.1.2 Net balance maps 2001/02 and 2002/03 3.1.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.1.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.2 MARTIAL ESTE (ARGENTINA) 3.2.1 Topography and observational network 3.2.2 Net balance maps 2001/02 and 2002/03 3.2.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.2.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.3 VERNAGTFERNER (AUSTRIA) 3.3.1 Topography and observational network 3.3.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.3.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.3.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.4 ZONGO (BOLIVIA) 3.4.1 Topography and observational network 3.4.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.4.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.4.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.5 WHITE (CANADA) 3.5.1 Topography and observational network 3.5.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.5.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.5.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.6 URUMQIHE S. NO. 1 (CHINA) 3.6.1 Topography and observational network 3.6.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.6.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.6.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.7 FONTANA BIANCA (ITALY) 3.7.1 Topography and observational network 3.7.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.7.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.7.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.8 TSENTRALNIY TUYUKSUYSKIY (KAZAKHSTAN) 3.8.1 Topography and observational network 3.8.2 Net balance map (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.8.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.8.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.9 NIGARDSBREEN (NORWAY) 3.9.1 Topography and observational network 3.9.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.9.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.9.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.10 WALDEMARBREEN (NORWAY) 3.10.1 Topography and observational network 3.10.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.10.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.10.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.11 DJANKUAT (RUSSIA) 3.11.1 Topography and observational network 3.11.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.11.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.11.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.12 MALIY AKTRU (RUSSIA) 3.12.1 Topography and observational network 3.12.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.12.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.12.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.13 STORGLACIÄREN (SWEDEN) 3.13.1 Topography and observational network 3.13.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.13.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.13.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 4 FINAL REMARKS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS AND NATIONAL CORRESPONDENTS 5.1 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS 5.2 NATIONAL CORRESPONDENTS OF WGMS

Note: CONTENTS Contributors Acknowledgements 1. Introduction / Harvey J. Marchant & Fiona J. Scott Systematic Arrangement of Taxa 2. Diatoms / Fiona J. Scott & David P. Thomas 3. Dinoflagellates / Andrew McMinn & Fiona J. Scott 4. Silicoflagellates / Gustaaf M. Hallegraeff 5. Haptophytes: Order Prymnesiales / Harvey J. Marchant & Fiona J. Scott & Andrew T. Davidson 6. Haptophytes: Order Coccolithophorales / Claire S. Findlay, Jeremy R. Young & Fiona J. Scott 7. Chrysophytes / Harvey J. Marchant & Fiona J. Scott 8. Prasinophytes / Harvey J. Marchant 9. Chlorophytes / Fiona J. Scott 10. Cryptophytes / Fiona J. Scott & John van den Hojf 11. Euglenoids / Fiona J. Scott 12. Cyanophytes / Harvey J. Marchant 13. Choanoflagellates / Harvey J. Marchant 14. Ciliates / Wolfgang Petz 15. Protista Incertae Sedis / Fiona J. Scott & Harvey J. Marchant Glossary Bibliography Copyright Permission Index

Note: Contents: 1:Introduction ; 2:The Spatial Equilibrium Within the City ; 3:The Spatial Equilibrium Across ; 4:Agglomeration Economies ; 5:Urban Distress ; 6:Cities and Public Policy

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction ; 2. The political process ; 3. Administrative efficiency ; 4. Competition among governments ; 5. Fiscal policy and redistribution ; 6. Fiscal coordination and incentives ; 7. Citizens and government ; 8. Checks, balances, and freedom ; 9. Acquiring and using knowledge ; 10. Ethnic conflict and secession ; 11. Data to the rescue? ; 12. Conclusion: rethinking decentralization.

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2008 , Table of contents Kurzfassung Abstract Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Scientific background 1.1.1 Arctic environmental dynamics 1.1.2 Freshwater ostracods and their use in palaeoenvironmental studies 1.1.3 Permafrost and periglacial environment 1.2 Aims and approaches 1.3 Study region 1.3.1 Study sites 1.3.2 Geological characteristics 1.3.3 Climate 1.3.4 Periglacial freshwaters 1.4 Synopsis Chapter 2: Arctic freshwater ostracods from modern periglacial environments in the Lena River Delta (Siberian Arctic, Russia): geochemical applications for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Study area and types of water bodies 2.4 Materials and methods 2.5 Results 2.5.1 Physico-chemical characteristics of the ostracod habitats 2.5.2 Ostracod taxonomy and environmental ranges of their habitats 2.5.3 Ostracod geochemistry 2.6 Discussion 2.6.1 Taxonomy and ecology of ostracods 2.6.2 Element ratios in ostracods and ambient waters 2.6.3 Stable isotopes in ostracods and ambient waters 2.7 Conclusions Chapter 3: Evaporation effects as reflected in freshwaters and ostracod calcite from modern environments in Central and Northeast Yakutia (East Siberia, Russia) 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Study area 3.4 Material and methods 3.4.1 Field work 3.4.2 Water analyses 3.4.3 Ostracod analyses 3.5 Results 3.5.1 Physico-chemical characteristics of the lakes and ponds 3.5.2 Ostracod taxonomy and environmental ranges 3.5.3 Stable isotopes in host waters and ostracod calcite 3.5.4 Element ratios in host waters and ostracod calcite 3.6 Discussion 3.6.1 Physico-chemical characteristics of the lakes and ponds 3.6.2 Ostracod taxonomy, biogeography, and environmental ranges 3.6.3 Stable isotopes in ostracod calcite 3.6.4 Element ratios in ostracod calcite 3.7 Conclusions Chapter 4: Eemian and Late Glacial/Holocene palaeoenvironmental records from permafrost sequences at the Dimitri Laptev Strait (NE Siberia, Russia) 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Regional setting 4.4 Material and methods 4.4.1 Field methods and cryolithology 4.4.2 Geochronology 4.4.3 Sedimentology and stable isotopes 4.4.4 Palaeoecological proxies 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Geochronology, lithostratigraphy, sedimentology, and cryolithology 4.5.1.1 Eemian sequences 4.4.1.2 Late Glacial/Holocene sequences 4.5.2 Stable isotope ground ice records 4.5.3 Pollen studies 4.5.3.1 Eemian sequences 4.5.3.2 Late Glacial/Holocene sequences 4.5.4 Ostracod studies 4.5.4.1 Eemian sequences 4.5.4.2 Late Glacial/Holocene sequences 4.6 Discussion and Interpretation 4.6.1 Local palaeoenvironmental changes during the Eemian 4.6.2 Local palaeoenvironmental changes during the Late Glacial/Holocene 4.6.3 Palaeoenvironmental interpretation of ostracod calcite δ18O data 4.7 Conclusions Chapter 5: Synthesis 5.1 Taxonomy and ecology of ostracods 5.2 Geochemistry of ostracods 5.3 Indicator potential of freshwater ostracods in late Quaternary permafrost deposits 5.4 Outlook Appendix I: Freshwater ostracodes in Quaternary permafrost deposits in the Siberian Arctic I.1 Abstract I.2 Introduction I.3 Study area and geological background I.4 Materials and methods I.5 Results and interpretations I.5.1 Ostracode zone I I.5.2 Ostracode zone II I.5.3 Ostracode zone III I.5.4 Ostracode zone IV I.5.5 Ostracode zone V I.5.6 Ostracode zone VI I.6 Conclusions 125 Appendix II: Palaeoenvironmental dynamics inferred from late Quaternary permafrost deposits on Kurungnakh Island, Lena Delta, Northeast Siberia, Russia II.1 Abstract II.2 Introduction II.3 Regional setting II.4 Material and methods II.4.1 Sedimentology and cryolithology II.4.2 Geochronology II.4.3 Stable isotopes II.3.4 Palaeoecological proxies II.5 Results II.5.1 Lithostratigraphy, sedimentology, and cryolithology II.5.1.1 Unit I II.5.1.2 Unit II II.5.1.3 Unit III II.5.1.4 Unit IV II.5.1.5 Unit V II.5.2 Geochronology II.5.3 Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes of ground ice II.5.4 Palynological studies II.5.5 Plant macrofossils II.5.6 Ostracod remains II.5.7 Insect remains II.5.8 Mammal remains II.6 Discussion II.6.1 Local stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental interpretation II.6.2 Beringian palaeoenvironmental context II.7 Conclusions Supplementary data A Supplementary data B Supplementary data C Appendix III: Data tables from Chapters 2 and 3 Appendix IV: References Acknowledgements

Note: Sprache der Zusammenfassung: Französisch

Note: Contents: Preface. - 1 Getting Started. - 2 Essentials of the R Language. - 3 Data Input. - 4 Dataframes. - 5 Graphics. - 6 Tables. - 7 Mathematics. - 8 Classical Tests. - 9 Statistical Modelling. - 10 Regression. - 11 Analysis of Variance. - 12 Analysis of Covariance. - 13 Generalized Linear Models. - 14 Count Data. - 15 Count Data in Tables. - 16 Proportion Data. - 17 Binary Response Variables. - 18 Generalized Additive Models. - 19 Mixed-Effects Models. - 20 Non-linear Regression. - 21 Tree Models. - 22 Time Series Analysis. - 23 Multivariate Statistics. - 24 Spatial Statistics. - 25 Survival Analysis. - 26 Simulation Models. - 27 Changing the Look of Graphics. - References and Further Reading. - Index.

Note: Contents: 1 Introduction and examples. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Why Bayes?. - 1.2.1 Estimating the probability of a rare event. - 1.2.2 Building a predictive model. - 1.3 Where we are going. - 1.4 Discussion and further references. - 2 Belief, probability and exchangeability. - 2.1 Belief functions and probabilities. - 2.2 Events, partitions and Bayes' rule. - 2.3 Independence. - 2.4 Random variables. - 2.4.1 Discrete random variables. - 2.4.2 Continuous random variables. - 2.4.3 Descriptions of distributions. - 2.5 Joint distributions. - 2.6 Independent random variables. - 2.7 Exchangeability. - 2.8 de Finetti's theorem. - 2.9 Discussion and further references. - 3 One-parameter models. - 3.1 The binomial model. - 3.1.1 Inference for exchangeable binary data. - 3.1.2 Confidence regions. - 3.2 The Poisson model. - 3.2.1 Posterior inference . - 3.2.2 Example: Birth rates. - 3.3 Exponential families and conjugate priors. - 3.4 Discussion and further references. - 4 Monte Carlo approximation. - 4.1 The Monte Carlo method. - 4.2 Posterior inference for arbitrary functions. - 4.3 Sampling from predictive distributions. - 4.4 Posterior predictive model checking. - 4.5 Discussion and further references. - 5 The normal model. - 5.1 The normal model. - 5.2 Inference for the mean, conditional on the variance. - 5.3 Joint inference for the mean and variance. - 5.4 Bias, variance and mean squared error. - 5.5 Prior specification based on expectations. - 5.6 The normal model for non-normal data. - 5.7 Discussion and further references. - 6 Posterior approximation with the Gibbs sampler. - 6.1 A semiconjugate prior distribution. - 6.2 Discrete approximations. - 6.3 Sampling from the conditional distributions. - 6.4 Gibbs sampling. - 6.5 General properties of the Gibbs sampler. - 6.6 Introduction to MCMC diagnostics. - 6.7 Discussion and further references. - 7 The multivariate normal model. - 7.1 The multivariate normal density. - 7.2 A semiconjugate prior distribution for the mean. - 7.3 The inverse-Wishart distribution. - 7.4 Gibbs sampling of the mean and covariance. - 7.5 Missing data and imputation. - 7.6 Discussion and further references. - 8 Group comparisons and hierarchical modeling. - 8.1 Comparing two groups. - 8.2 Comparing multiple groups. - 8.2.1 Exchangeability and hierarchical models. - 8.3 The hierarchical normal model. - 8.3.1 Posterior inference. - 8.4 Example: Math scores in U.S. public schools. - 8.4.1 Prior distributions and posterior approximation. - 8.4.2 Posterior summaries and shrinkage. - 8.5 Hierarchical modeling of means and variances. - 8.5.1 Analysis of math score data. - 8.6 Discussion and further references. - 9 Linear regression. - 9.1 The linear regression model. - 9.1.1 Least squares estimation for the oxygen uptake data. - 9.2 Bayesian estimation for a regression model. - 9.2.1 A semiconjugate prior distribution. - 9.2.2 Default and weakly informative prior distributions. - 9.3 Model selection. - 9.3.1 Bayesian model comparison. - 9.3.2 Gibbs sampling and model averaging. - 9.4 Discussion and further references. - 10 Nonconjugate priors and Metropolis-Hastings algorithms. - 10.1 Generalized linear models. - 10.2 The Metropolis algorithm. - 10.3 The Metropolis algorithm for Poisson regression. - 10.4 Metropolis, Metropolis-Hastings and Gibbs. - 10.4.1 The Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. - 10.4.2 Why does the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm work?. - 10.5 Combining the Metropolis and Gibbs algorithms. - 10.5.1 A regression model with correlated errors. - 10.5.2 Analysis of the ice core data. -

Note: Zugl.: Amsterdam, Univ., Diss., 2007.

Note: Contents: Conference Programme. - Session 1: Contamination / Chairman: D. Hunkeler. - Compound-specific isotope methods in contaminant hydrogeology: State-of-the-art and challenges / D. Hunkeler, Y. Abe. - Stable isotope study of a volatile hydrocarbons contaminated landfill site, Bortfol, Switzerland / Thierry R. Oppikofer, Torsten W. Vennemann, Jorge E. Spangenberg, Markus Bill. - Application of compound-specific stable carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis to characterize organic contamination of groundwater / Jeroen Verhack, Jan Bronders, Ilse Van Keer, Rudy Swennen, Jan Schwarzbauer, Tom N.P. Bosma. - Evidences for in situ natural attenuation of Monochlorobenzene in an anaerobic contaminated aquifer / Ivonne Nijenhuis, Sylvia Uhlig, Arno Kaschl, Marcell Nikolausz, Matthias Kastner, Hans-Hermann Richnow. - Stable isotopes as expert witness in traffic accidents: assessing the likelihood between forensic samples of motor oils / Jorge E. Spangenberg, Georges Pierrini, Christophe Champod, Franco Taroni. - Isotopic investigation of dissolved and sedimentary sulfur compounds for assessing in-situ biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a sulfate rich urban aquifer / Kay Knoeller, Michael Schubert. - Tracing the impact of river bank filtration on the transport of xenobiotica in urban groundwater by stable isotopes / Karsten Osenbrück, Rolf Trettin, Kay Knoller, Gerhard Strauch, Hans-Reinhard Glaser, Monika Möder. - Effects of covering spoil piles on its water budget determined by environmental isotopes / Stephan M. Weise, Jutta Parnieske-Pasterkamp, Rene Vogt, Franziska Rudolph. - Session 2: Geochemistry & Water / Chairman: J. Hoefs. - Isotope fingerprints in the earth sciences: a critical discussion / Jochen Hoefs. - Stable isotope ratio measurements using the Finnigan NEPTUNE multi collector ICPMS using high mass resolution / Johannes Schwieters, Claudia Bouman. - The mineral isotope composition of two Precambrian carbotiatitc complexes from the Karelian - Kola region / Marion Tichomirowa, Gerhard Grosche, Boris Belyatski, Elena Savva, Jörg Keller, Jens Gotze, Wolfgang Todi. - Development of methods for recovery of water from fluid inclusions for stable isotope analysis / Yuri Dublyansky. - Determination of δD and δ18O in brackish and saline natural waters. Part I: The question of distillation of water samples prior to isotopic analysis / Adam Porowski, Peter Kowski. - Isotopic evidences for a new type of groundwater in the Kinnerct basin, Israel / C. Siebert, S. Geyer, P. Möller. - Geochemical and isotopic investigations of a fractured rock aquifer including embedded lakes / Elke Bozau, Gerhard Strauch. - High spatial resolution sulfur isotope analysis of sulfide minerals from the Kupferschiefer deposits of Lubin area, SW Poland / H. Roy Krouse, Jan Parafiniuk, Jaroslaw Nowak, Stan Halas. - Stable isotope composition of daily and monthly precipitation in Zagreb / Jadranka Barešic, Nada Horvatincic, Ines Krajcar Bronic, Bogomil Obelic. - Geochemical investigations of the dissolved gases in the Boom Clay pore water / Sándor Kele, Hugo Moors, Maarten Van Geet, Mieke De Craen, Staf Valkiers, Mihai Variant. - The water isotopes use for determination of water origin in karstic areas: case study / Victor Feurdean, Lucia Feurdean, Ion Stefanescu, Carmen Varlam, Mihai Gligan. - Concentration and separation of uranium and thorium from sediment in north Algerian Sahara using organophosphorus extractant and ions exchange resin / A. W. Badreddine, H. Brahimi, F. Boucheneb. - Session 3: Ecology / Chairman: L. Waasenaar. - Global application of stable hydrogen isotopes to wildlife forensics / Leonard l. Wassenaar, Keith A. Hobson, Gabriel J. Bowen. - Nitrogen isotope ratios as indicator of organic production / Hilmar Forstel, Angelika Basu, Markus Boner. - Effects of clear cutting and soil preparation on natural 15N abundance and N concentration in the needle and soil of two boreal conifer tree species / S. P. Sah, H. llvesniemi. - Carbon isotopes distribution along pine needles (Pinus nigra) / Lidia Barszczowska, Mariusz-Orion Jedrysek. - Potential of natural fouling communities for assimilation offish farm derived particulate nitrogen: a case study in Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea) / Sonja Lojen, Timor Katz, Anat Tsemel, Ehud Spanier, Dror L. Angel. - CO2 concentration and δ13C through time in sets of monthly air samples from downtown Parma and from the Parma and Taro river valleys, Italy / Antonio Longinelli. - Carbon isotope discrimination affected by atmospheric pollutants / Ralf Wagner. - Turnover of soil organic carbon - The microbial perspective / Christiane Kramer & Gerd Gleixner. - C and O isotope working standards from C3 and C4 photosynthates / Jorge E. Spangenberg. - Use of 15N tracer technique to understand chronic responses of Daphnia magna after shortterm expose to the pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate / Sebastian Reynaldi, Matthias Liess, Klaus Jung. - Anthropogenic lakes - negligible sources for climate relevant gases? / Horst-Michael Nitzsche, Frank W. Junge. - Effects of environmental factors on δ13C of lichens / Stela Maria Cuna, Gabriela Balas, Elza Hauer. - Online measurement of N2-fluxes from soil cores by using the zeolite KÖSTROLITH SX6® coupled to a GC-ConFlow-IRMS / O. Spott, B. Apelt, R. Russow, C. F. Stange. - Deuterium content in plants with short lifetime: preliminary results / Victor Feurdean, Lucia Feurdean, Silviu Apahidean, Maria Apahidean, Augusta Lujerdean, Mihai Gligan. - Session 4: Sedimentology / Chairman: M. E. Böttcher. - Authigenic sulfur phases as recorders for black shale-triggered anaerobic oxidation of methane: Results from ODP Leg 207 / M.E. Böttcher, H.-J. Brumsack, A. Hetzel, A. Schipper. - Microbially-derived methane in coalbed gases: compound-specific carbon-isotopic study of coalbed gases from the Illinois Basin, USA / D. Strapoc, A. Schimmelmann, M. Mastalerz. - Early diagenesis of sulphur in recent estuarine sediments (Authie Bay, N France) / Sonja Lojen, Nevenka Mikac, Cedric Gabelle, Michel Wartel. - Sulfur and oxygen isotopes of Lower Miocene nonmarine evaporites in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin / S. Halas, T.M. Peryt, I. Pluta. - Ordovician and Silurian carbon isotope trend: a state of art report based on the East Baltic data / Tonu Martma, Dimitri Kaljo. - Variations of δ13 CTOC values of clastic sediments from Thuringia related to biogeochemical carbon cycle / Karin Bräuer, Knut Hahne, Birgit Mingram, Ulrich Wand. - Basin-Scale changes in Upper Cretaceous paleosols: paleoenvironmentai implication for the Maastricht deposits, South Carpathians / Ana-Voica Bojar, Dan Grigorescu, Franz Ottner, Zoltan Csiki. - Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen isotope fractionation during experimental formation of pirssonite / M. E. Böttcher, S.M. Bernasconi, K. Simon. - Carbon isotope fractionation of methane and CO2 during coalbed gas desorption from coal, Illinois Basin, USA / D. Strapoc, A. Schimmelmann, M Mastahrz. - Carbon istopic preliminary studies on paleoenvironmentai variations recorded in the Lower Carboniferous deposits from the Bardzkie Mountains (Sudetes, SW Poland) / Monika Majewska-Bill, Mariusz Orion Jedrysek. - Session 5: Paleoclimatology / Chairman: G. H. Schleser. - Stable isotopes as proxies for the reconstruction of past climates / G.H. Schleser. - A stable isotope record of an ice core from Akadumii Nauk ice cap, Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic / Diedrich Fritzsche, Rainer Schütt, Hanno Meyer, Heinrich Miller, Frank Wilhelms, Lev M. Savatyugin. - Stable isotope investigations on tree-ring cellulose of Late Glacial pine chronology of Reichwakie (Lusatia). Effects caused by destruction of fossil woods / M. Haupt, R. Wagner, T. Boettger. - Effect of river regulation on the isotopic characteristics of river water and molluscs / István Fórizs. - Stable isotope study on the carbonate phases of the Basahare toess-paleosol profile (Hungary) / Bernadett Bajnó

Note: Contents: The place of glaciers in natural and cultural landscapes / Ben Orlove, Ellen Wiegandt and Brian h. Luckman -- pt. 1. Societal perceptions: cultures and institutions. Changing views of changing glaciers / Wilfred Haeberli -- Challenges of living with glaciers in the Swiss Alps, past and present / Ellen Wiegandt and Ralph Lugon -- Environment, history, and culture as influences on perceptions of glacier dynamics: the case of Mt. Shasta / Barbara Wolf and Ben Orlove -- Glacial hazards: perceiving and responding to threats in four world regions / Christian Huggel, Wilfried Haeberli, and Andreas Kaab -- pt. 2. Scientific observations: measurement, monitoring and modeling. Two alpine glaciers over the past two centuries: a scientific view based on pictorial sources / Daniel Steiner, Heinz J. Zumbuhl, and Andreas Bauder -- Long-term observations of glaciers in Norway / Liss Andreassen...[et al.] -- Alpinewide distributed glacier mass balance modeling: a tool for assessing future glacier change / Frank Paul...[et al.] -- Modeling climate-change impacts on mountain glaciers and water resources in the central dry Andes / Javier Corripio...[et al.] -- pt. 3. Trends in natural landscapes: climate change. Glacier mass balance in the Northern U.S. and Canadian Rockies: paleo-perspectives and 20th century change / Emma Watson...[et al.] -- Glacier fluctuations in the European Alps, 1850-2000: an overview and spatio-temporal analysis of available data / Michael Zemp...[et al.] -- Tropical glaciers, climate change, and society: focus on Kilimanjaro (East Africa) / Thomas Molg...[et al.] -- pt. 4. Impacts on human landscapes: resources, hazards and cultural landscapes. New Zealand's glaciers: key national and global assets for science and society / John Hay and Tui Elliot -- The impact of mining on rock glaciers and glaciers: examples from Central Chile / Alexander Brenning -- Glacier changes and their impacts on mountain tourism: two case studies from the Italian Alps / Claudio Smiraglia...[et al.] -- Mama Cotacachi: history, local perceptions, and social impacts of climate change and glacier retreat in the Ecuadorian Andes / Robert E. Rhoades, Xavier Zapata Rios, and Jenny Aragundy Ochoa -- pt. 5. Responses: adaptation and accommodation. The politics of place: inhabiting and defending glacier hazard zones in Peru's Cordillera Blanca / Mark Carey -- Responses to glacier retreat in the context of development planning in Nepal / Shardul Agrawala -- Glaciers and efficient water use in Central Asia / Urs Luterbacher...[et al.] -- Research and development in mountain glaciers: an overview of institutions and organizations / Denis Knubel, Greg Greenwood, and Ellen Wiegandt

Note: Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl.

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Part 1: Introduction and Background Chapter 1. Introduction to the Arctic: Significance and History 1.1 The Arctic Ocean and Its Significance for the Earth's Climate System 1.2 History of Arctic Ocean Research 1.3 Plate Tectonic Evolution and Palaeogeography 1.4 Glaciations in Earth's History Chapter 2. Modern Physiography, Hydrology, Climate, and Sediment Input 2.1 Bathymetry and Physiography 2.2 Oceanic Circulation Pattern and Water-Mass Characteristics 2.3 Sea-Ice Cover: Extent, Thickness, and Variability 2.4 Primary Production and Vertical Carbon Fluxes in the Arctic Ocean 2.5 River Discharge 2.6 Permafrost 2.7 Coastal Erosion 2.8 Aeolian Input 2.9 Modern Sediment Input: A Summary Part 2: Processes and Proxies Chapter 3. Glacio-Marine Sedimentary Processes 3.1 Sea-Ice Processes: Sediment Entrainment and Transport 3.2 Ice Sheet- and Iceberg-Related Processes 3.3 Sediment Mass-Wasting Processes 3.4 Turbidite Sedimentation in the Central Arctic Ocean Chapter 4. Proxies Used for Palaeoenvironmental Reconstructions in the Arctic Ocean 4.1 Lithofacies Concept 4.2 Grain-Size Distribution 4.3 Proxies for Sources and Transport Processes of Terrigenous Sediments 4.4 Trace Elements Used for Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction 4.5 Micropalaeontological Proxies and Their (Palaeo-) Environmental and Stratigraphical Significance 4.6 Stable Isotopes of Foraminifers 4.7 Organic-Geochemical Proxies for Organic-Carbon Source and Palaeoenvironment Part 3: The Marine-Geological Record 5 Modern Environment and its record in surface sediments 5.1 Terrigenous (non-biogenic) components in Arctic Ocean surface sediments: Implications for provenance and modern transport processes 5.2 Organic-Carbon Content: Terrigenous Supply versus Primary Production Chapter 6. Quaternary Variability of Palaeoenvironment and Its Sedimentary Record 6.1 The Stratigraphic Framework of Arctic Ocean Sediment Cores: Background, Problems, and Perspectives 6.2 Variability of Quaternary Ice Sheets and Palaeoceanographic Characteristics: Terrestrial, Model, and Eurasian Continental Margin Records 6.3 Circum-Arctic Glacial History, Sea-Ice Cover, and Surface-Water Characteristics: Quaternary Records from the Central Arctic Ocean 6.4 Accumulation of Particulate Organic Carbon at the Arctic Continental Margin and Deep-Sea Areas During Late Quaternary Times Chapter 7. Mesozoic to Cenozoic Palaeoenvironmental Records of High Northern Latitudes 7.1 Mesozoic High-Latitude Palaeoclimate and Arctic Ocean Palaeoenvironment 7.2 Cenozoic High-Latitude Palaeoclimate and Arctic Ocean Palaeoenvironment Chapter 8. Open Questions and Future Geoscientific Arctic Ocean Research 8.1 Quaternary and Neogene Climate Variability on Sub-Millennial to Milankovich Time Scales 8.2 The Mesozoic-Cenozoic History of the Arctic Ocean References Index

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Постановление Межведомственного стратиграфического комитета о региональной стратиграфической схеме палеогеновых и неогеновых отложений востока Сибирской платформы Введение 1. Основные новые материалы 2. Общая стратиграфическая шкала 3. Магнитостратиграфическая шкала (полярность) 4. Региональные стратиграфические подразделения 5. Корреляция местных стратиграфических разрезов 6. Вновь установленные стратиграфические подразделения 7. Стратиграфические схемы смежных регионов 8. Основные задачи дальнейших исследований Заключение Список литературы Памяти О.В. Гриненко , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Zugl.: Marburg (Lahn), Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2004 u.d.T.: Gutmann, Mathias: Die Medialität des Erfahrens

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgments NICOP Organizing Team Members NICOP Sponsors Associate Editors and Reviewers Volume 2 Experimental Research on Frost and Salt Heaving of Highway Foundation Soils in Seasonally Frozen Ground Regions in Gansu Province, Northwestern China / G. Li, W. Yu, H. Jin, Y. Sheng, J. Qi, and L. Lü Effects of Retrogressive Thaw Slumps on Sediment Chemistry, Submerged Macrophyte Biomass, and Invertebrate Abundance of Upland Tundra Lakes / P.S. Mesquita, F.J. Wrona, and T.D. Prowse The Vault Creek Tunnel (Fairbanks Region, Alaska): A Late Quaternary Palaeoenvironmental Permafrost Record / H. Meyer, K. Yoshikawa, L. Schirrmeister, and A. Andreev Properties of Eroding Coastline Soils Along Elson Lagoon Barrow, Alaska / G.J. Michaelson, C.L Ping, L.A. Lynn, M.T. Jorgenson, and F. Dou The Application of Tritium in Permafrost Ground-Ice Studies / F.A. Michel Twenty Years of Permafrost Research on the Furggentälti Rock Glaciers, Western Alps, Switzerland / D. Mihajlovic, B. Staub, A. Nussbaum, B. Krummenacher, and H. Kienholz Convective Heat Exchange Between Rivers and Floodplain Taliks / V.M. Mikhailov Geophysical Study of Talik Zones, Western Yakutia / S. Milanovskiy, S. Velikin, and V. Istratov Seasonally Frozen Ground Effects on the Dynamic Response of High-Rise Buildings / R. Miranda, Z. Yang, and U. Dutta Seasonal Thermal Regime of a Mid-Latitude Ventilated Debris Accumulation / S. Morard, R. Delaloye, and J. Dorthe Genetic, Morphological, and Statistical Characterization of Lakes in the Permafrost-Dominated Lena Delta / A. Morgenstern, G. Grosse, and L. Schirrmeister Vegetation and Permafrost Changes in the Northern Taiga of West Siberia / N. Moskalenko Experimental Study of Thermal Properties for Frozen Pyroclastic Volcanic Deposits (Kamchatka, Kluchevskaya Volcano Group) / R.G. Motenko, E.P. Tikhonova, and A.A. Abramov Spatial Analysis of Glacial Geology, Surficial Geomorphology, and Vegetation in the Toolik Lake Region: Relevance to Past and Future Land-Cover Changes / C.A. Munger, D.A. Walker, H.A. Maier, and T.D. Hamilton Choosing Geotechnical Parameters for Slope Stability Assessments in Alpine Permafrost Soils / P. Nater, L.U. Arenson, and S.M. Springman A Permafrost Observatory at Barrow, Alaska: Long-Term Observations of Active-Layer Thickness and Permafrost Temperature / F. Nelson, N.I. Shiklomanov, D.A. Streletskiy, V.E. Romanovsky, K. Yoshikawa, K.M. Hinkel, and J. Brown Decadal Results from the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) Program (Plenary Paper) / F.E. Nelson, N.I. Shiklomanov, K.M. Hinkel, and J. Brown Modeling Observed Differential Frost Heave Within Non-Sorted Circles in Alaska / D.J. Nicolsky, V.E. Romanovsky, G.S. Tipenko, and D.A. Walker Engineering-Induced Environmental Hazards in Permafrost Regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau / F. Niu, J. Xu, Z. Lin, and P. Wang Comparison of Simulated 2D Temperature Profiles with Time-Lapse Electrical Resistivity Data at the Schilthorn Crest, Switzerland / J. Noetzli, C. Hilbich, C. Hauck, M. Hoelzle, and S. Gruber The Effect of Fines Content and Quality on Frost Heave Susceptibility of Crushed Rock Aggregates Used in Railway Track Structure / A. Nurmikolu and P. Kolisoja Contemporary Permafrost Degradation of Northern European Russia / N. Oberman MAGST in Mountain Permafrost, Dovrefjell, Southern Norway, 2001–2006 / R.S. Ødegård, K. Isaksen, T. Eiken, and J.L. Sollid Effects of Changing Climate and Sea Ice Extent on Pechora and Kara Seas Coastal Dynamics / S.A. Ogorodov Solifluction Lobes in Sierra Nevada (Southern Spain): Morphometry and Palaeoenvironmental Changes / M. Oliva, L. Schulte, and A. Gómez Ortiz Cyanobacteria Within Cryptoendolithic Habitats: The Role of High pH in Biogenic Rock Weathering in the Canadian High Arctic / C.R. Omelon, W.H. Pollard, F.G. Ferris, and P.C. Bennett Thermal State of Permafrost in Alaska During the Fourth Quarter of the Twentieth Century (Plenary Paper) / T.E. Osterkamp Field Trials of Surface Insulation Materials for Permafrost Preservation / J.M. Oswell and J.R. Everts The State of Subsea Permafrost in the Western Laptev Nearshore Zone / P.P. Overduin, V. Rachold, and M.N. Grigoriev Sources of Discrepancy Between CCSM Simulated and Gridded Observation-Based Soil Temperature Over Siberia: The Influence of Site Density and Distribution / D. Pai Mazumder and N. Mölders Remote Sensing-Based Study of Vegetation Distribution and Its Relation to Permafrost in and Around the George Lake Area, Central Alaska / S.K. Panda, A. Prakash, and D.N. Solie Electrical Freezing Potentials During Permafrost Aggradation at the Illisarvik Drained-Lake Experiment, Western Arctic Coast, Canada / V.R. Parameswaran and C.R. Burn Managing Permafrost Data: Past Approaches and Future Directions / M.A. Parsons, S.L. Smith, V.E. Romanovsky, N.I. Shiklomanov, H.H. Christiansen, P.P. Overduin, T. Zhang, M.R. Balks, and J. Brown Regional Geocryological Dangers Associated with Contemporary Climate Change / A.V. Pavlov and G.V. Malkova Wedge Structures in Southernmost Argentina (Rio Grande, Tierra del Fuego) / A. Perez-Alberti, A. Coronato, M.C. Casais, M. Valcarcel-Diaz, and J. Rabassa Modeling Interaction Between Filterable Solutions and Frozen Ground / G.Z. Perlshtein and G.S. Tipenko Russian Approaches to Permafrost Engineering (Plenary Paper) / G. Perlshtein Numerical Modeling of Differential Frost Heave / R.A. Peterson Energy Balance Response of a Shallow Subarctic Lake to Atmospheric Temperature and Advective Persistence / Richard M. Petrone, Wayne R. Rouse, and L. Dale Boudreau Numerical Analysis of Forced and Natural Convection in Waste-Rock Piles in Permafrost Environments / H.N. Pham, L.U. Arenson, and D.C. Sego Effects of Ground Temperature and Slope Deformation on the Service Life of Snow-Supporting Structures in Mountain Permafrost: Wisse Schijen, Randa, Swiss Alps / M. Phillips and S. Margreth Classification of Arctic Tundra Soils Along the Beaufort Sea Coast, Alaska / C.L Ping, L.A. Lynn, G.J. Michaelson, M.T. Jorgenson, Y.L. Shur, and M. Kanevskiy Thermal Diffusivity Variability in Alpine Permafrost Rock Walls / P. Pogliotti, E. Cremonese, U. Morra Di Cella, S. Gruber, and M. Giardino Massive Ground Ice in the Eureka Sound Lowlands, Canadian High Arctic / W.H. Pollard and N. Couture Long-Term Monitoring of Frost Heave and Thaw Settlement in the Northern Taiga of West Siberia / O. Ponomareva and Y. Shur The Permafrost of the Imuruk Lake Basaltic Field Area (Alaska) and Astrobiological Implications / O. Prieto-Ballesteros, D.C. Fernández-Remolar, J. Torres Redondo, M. Fernández-Sampedro, M.P. Martín Redondo, J.A. Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. Gómez-Elvira, D. Gómez-Ortiz, and F. Gómez What Dictates the Occurrence of Zero Curtain Effect? / J. Putkonen Definition of Warm Permafrost Based on Mechanical Properties of Frozen Soil / J. Qi and J. Zhang Active Layer Temperature Monitoring in Two Boreholes in Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctic: First Results for 2000–2006 / M. Ramos, G. Vieira, J.J. Blanco, S. Gruber, C. Hauck, M.A. Hidalgo, and D. Tomé Circumpolar Relationships Between Permafrost Characteristics, NDVI, and Arctic Vegetation Types / M.K. Raynolds and D.A. Walker Rock Glacier Distribution and the Lower Limit of Discontinuous Mountain Permafrost in the Nepal Himalaya / D. Regmi Frost-Protected Shallow Foundation Design Issues: A Case Study / C.H. Riddle, J.W. Rooney, and G.W. Carpenter Estimating Active Layer and Talik Thickness from Temperature Data: Implications from Modeling Results / D.W. Riseborough Mesoscale and Detailed Geocryological Mapping as a Basis for Carbon Budget Assessment (East European Russian Arctic, CARBO-North Project) / F.M. Rivkin, J.V. Vlasova, A.P. Popova, G. Mazhitova, P. Kuhry, I.S. Parmuzin, and I.V. Chehina Permafrost Degradation and Influx of Biogeogases into the Atmosphere / E. Rivkina and G. Kraev Observations and Considerations on Destabilizing Active Rock Glaciers in the European Alps / I. Roer, W. Haeber

Note: Contents Introduction / A.G. Georgiadi, A.N. Zolotokrylin CHAPTER 1. SUBARCTIC TUNDRA 1.1. Characteristics of subarctic polygon and a complex of field experimental investigations / A.G. Georgiadi 1.2. Landscapes and their characteristics 1.2.1. Types and distribution over territory / R.V. Desyatkin, L.D. Hinzman 1.2.2. Seasonal changes of spectral characteristics of landscapes by data of remote sensing measurements / V.B. Malyshev, N. S. Ozerov 1.3. The active layer of subarctic landscapes: typology and geography 1.3.1. Spatial variabi!ity of the active layer thickness / A.G. Georgiadi, V.G. Onischenko 1.3.2. Hydrophysical characteristics of the seasonal-melting layer / A.G. Georgiadi,V.G. Onischenko 1.4. Radiation and thermal characteristics of landscapes in the summer period 1.4.1. Systematization of experimental information on albedo and surface temperature / A.N. Zolotokrylin 1.4.2. Analysis of experimental information on the surface temperature / A.N. Zolotokrylin, V.V. Vinogradova 1.5. Heat exchange in tundra landscapes 1.5.1. Structure of heat exchange and its seasonal features / A.N. Zolotokrylin 1.5.2. Theoretical analysis of the process of heat transfer in the surface thawed layer of soil grounds / A.B. Kazansky, A.N. Zolotokrylin 1.6. Features of water regime and water exchange in tundra 1.6.1. Water regime and water balance of river basins by results of experimental measurements / A.G. Georgiadi 1.6.2. Interrelationship of underground and surface waters and underground alimentation of rivers in different year seasons / V.V. Shepelev CHAPTER 2. CENTRAL PLAIN TAIGA 2.1. Geographical characteristics of Spasskaya Pad polygon / A.N. Fedorov 2.2. Types of landscapes, their distribution over territory and seasonal dynamics / A.N. Fedorov, Ya. I. Torgovkin, S.P. Varlamov 2.3. Characteristics of the active layer and its physical properties 2.3.1. Spatial and seasonal variability of the active layer thickness 2.3.1.1. Inter-landscape variability of the seasonal-thawing layer thickness / I.S. Vasiliev 2.3.1.2. Variability of the active layer thickness at experimental sites / E.Yu. Gerasimov 2.3.1.3. Freezing of the active layer / P.Ya. Konstantinov 2.3.2. Physical properties of soils of the seasonal-thawing layer under larch forest / A.G. Georgiadi, V.G. Onischenko 2.3.3. Inter-landscape differences of physical properties of the active layer / P.Ya. Konstantinov, I.S. Ugarov, R.N. Argunov 2.3.4. Features of thermal conductivity of soil grounds / V.G. Onischenko, I.S. Lisker, A.G. Georgiadi 2.4. Radiation balance and thermal regime of landscapes 2.4.1. Radiation balance and its components / I.S. Ugarov 2.4.2. Temperature regime of the active layer / P.P. Gavriliev, I.S. Ugarov, P.V. Efremov 2.4.3. Temperature regime of the upper layers of perennially frozen grounds / P.Ya. Konstantinov 2.5.Heat exchange in permafrost landscapes of plain taiga / P.P. Gavriliev 2.6. Features of heat and moisture balance in taiga-alas landscapes / R.V. Desyatkin, I. Ishii, Kh. Yabuki, A.R. Desyatkin, P.P. Fedorov, T.N. Semenova 2.7. Turbulent energy- and moisture exchange in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over thermally heterogeneous surface (over the Lena River lowland in the Yakutsk area) / M.A. Strunin 2.7.1. Some aspects of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) observations using the aircraft laboratory 2.7.2. Aircraft experiment of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) observations in the Yakutsk area 2.7.2.1. Aicraft laboratory IL-18d and its instruments for investigations of ABL 2.7.2.2. Scheme and conditions of the aircraft experiment 2.7.2.3. Radiosounding, surface measurements and satellite observations 2.7.2.4. Turbulence and turbulent fluxes data processing and analyzing 2.7.3. Some features of the convective boundary layer (CBL) development over thermally heterogeneous surface 2.7.3.1. Seasonal variability of turbulent fluxes 2.7.3.2. Fine spatial ABL structure 2.7.3.3. Conditions of appearance and development of the mesoscale thermal internal boundary layer (MTIBL) inside the CBL 2.7.3.4. Appearance of the local circulation over thermal mesoscale patch on the underlying surface 2.7.3.5. The local circulation and the problem of energy balance in the atmospheric boundary layer 2.7.3.6. Conditions of applying the scaling models for the CBL developing over heterogeneous underlying surface 2.7.3.7. The spectral structure of fluxes 2.7.3.8. Flux separating into turbulent and mesoscale portions 2.7.3.9. Separating approach models for mesoscale and turbulent fluxes in the CBL 2.7.3.10. Some f eatures of mesoscale and turbulent fluxes seasonal variations 2.7.4. The main results of observations of the CBL, developing over the thermally heterogeneous surface 2.8 Moisture exchange in plain taiga landscape 2.8.1. Moisture regime of the active layer 2.8.1.1. Landscape features of moisture dynamics of the active layer / P.P. Gavriliev, I.S. Ugarov, P.V. Efremov, R.N. Argunov 2.8.1.2. Spatial and temporal distribution of moisture reserves in the active layer / A.N. Fedorov, Ya.I.Torgovkin, R.N. Arguniov, P.P. Gavriliev, I.S. Vasiliev, J.S. Ugarov, P.V. Efremov 2.8.2. Interrelationship of underground and surface waters and underground alimentation of rivers in different seasons / V.V. Shepelev CHAPTER 3. SOUTHERN MOUNTAIN TAIGA 3.1. Natural conditions of the region / V.S. Vuglinsky, M.L. Markov 3.1.1. Climate 3.1.2. Relief and geological structure 3.1.3. Permafrost and hydrogeological conditions 3.1.4. Hydrography and hydrological conditions 3.1.5. Interrelationship of surface and underground waters, underground alimentation of rivers 3.1.5.1. lntraannual dynamics of water exchange of rivers with drained aquifers 3.1.5.2. Seasonal glaciation and its impact upon formation of river runoff 3.2. Results of study of regularities of heat- and moisture exchange at an experimental SHI Mogot polygon / N.G. Vasilenko, S.A. Zhuravin 3.2.1. General characteristics of the Mogot polygon and program of investigations 3.2.2. Landscape and soil characteristics of catchments of the Mogot polygon 3.2.2.1. Landscapes of the Mogot polygon 3.2.2.2. Landscape-hydrology complexes 3.2.2.3. Types of soils and their water physical characteristics 3.2.3. Features of climate in the region of the Mogot polygon 3.2.4. Radiation and heat balances 3.2.4.1. Radiation balance 3.2.4.2. Heat balance 3.2.5. Water balance 3.2.5.1. Methods of identification of the main components of water balance 3.2.5.2. Features of fo rmation of water balance elements 3.2.5.3. Results of calculation of water balances List of literature SUPPLEMENT TO PART 2.7. INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS FOR INVESTIGATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE USING THE AIRCRAFT LABORATORY / M.A. Strunin S.2.7.1. Methods of wind speed and direction, air temperature and humidity and turbulence measurements based on aircraft data S.2.7.2. Aircraft laboratory IL-18d and its instruments for investigation of the atmosphere S.2.7.3. Database of aircraft observations and preliminary data processing S.2.7.4. Errors of turbulent fluxes calculations based on aircraft data S.2.7.5. Methods of spectral analysis of turbulence data S.2.7.6. Calculations of spectral characteristics of fluctuations based on Fourier analysis S.2.7.7. Using the wavelet-transformations for the spectral analysis List of literature to Supplement 2.7 , In kyrillischer Schrift , Einführung und Inhaltsverzeichnis in englischer Sprache

Note: Contents G01S91 Introduction to special section on changes in the Arctic freshwater system: identification, attribution, and impacts at local and global scales (DOI 10.1029/2007JG000615) / Charles Vörösmarty, Larry Hinzman, and Jonathan Pundsack Theme 1: Documenting the State and Trajectories of Change in Arctic Land-Ocean-Atmospheric Subsystems G04S54 The arctic freshwater system: Changes and impacts (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000353) / Daniel White, Larry Hinzman, Lilian Alessa, John Cassano, Molly Chambers, Kelly Falkner, Jennifer Francis, William J. Gutowski Jr., Marika Holland, R. Max Holmes, Henry Huntington, Douglas Kane, Andrew Kliskey, Craig Lee, James McClelland, Bruce Peterson, T Scott Rupp, Fiamma Straneo, Michael Steele, Rebecca Woodgate, Daqing Yang, Kenji Yoshikawa, and Tingjun Zhang G04S50 Recent Eurasian river discharge to the Arctic Ocean in the context of longer-term dendrohydrological records (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000333) / G. M. MacDonald, K. V. Kremenetski, L. C. Smitz, and H. G. Hidalgo G04S53 Temporal and spatial variations in maximum river discharge from a new Russian data set (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000352) / A. I. Shiklomanov, R. B. Lammers, M A. Rawlins, L. C. Smith, and T M. Pavelsky G04S47 Rising minimum daily flows in northern Eurasian rivers: A growing influence of groundwater in the high-latitude hydro logic cycle (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000327) / Laurence C. Smith, Tamlin M Pavelsky, Glen M. MacDonald, Alexander I. Shiklomanov, and Richard B. Lammers G04S59 Variability in river temperature, discharge, and energy flux from the Russian pan-Arctic landmass (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000370) / Richard B. Lammers, Jonathan W. Pundsack, and Alexander I. Shiklomanov G04S57 Nutrient (N, P) loads and yields at multiple scales and subbasin types in the Yukon River basin, Alaska (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000366) / Mark M. Dornblaser and Robert G. Striegl G04S60 Recent changes in nitrate and dissolved organic carbon export from the upper Kuparuk River, North Slope, Alaska (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000371) / J. W. McClelland, M. Stieglitz, Feifei Pan, R. M. Holmes, and B. J. Peterson Theme 2: Attribution: Sources ofHydrologic System Change in the Arctic G04S42 Response of Northern Hemisphere extratropical cyclone activity and associated precipitation to climate change, as represented by the Community Climate System Model (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000286) / Joel Finnis, Marika M. Holland, Mark C. Serreze, and John J. Cassano G04S49 Predicted changes in synoptic forcing of net precipitation in large Arctic river basins during the 21st century (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000332) / John J. Cassano, Petteri Uotila, Amanda H Lynch, and Elizabeth N. Cassano G04S45 A multimodel simulation of pan-Arctic hydrology (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000303) / A. G. Slater, T J. Bohn, J. L. McCreight, M C. Serreze, and D. P. Lettenmaier G04S43 Spring and aufeis (icing) hydrology in Brooks Range, Alaska (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000294) / Kenji Yoshikawa, Larry D. Hinzman, and Douglas L. Kane G04S46 Application ofTopoFlow, a spatially distributed hydrological model, to the Imnavait Creek watershed, Alaska (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000326) / Imke Schramm, Julia Boike, W Robert Bolton, and Larry D. Hinzman G04S44 Arctic tundra shrub invasion and soot deposition: Consequences for spring snowmelt and near-surface air temperatures (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000297) / John E. Strack, Roger A. Pielke Sr. , and Glen E. Liston G04S51 Chemical characteristics offulvic acids from Arctic surface waters: Microbial contributions and photochemical transformations (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000343) / Rose M Cory, Diane M. McKnight, Yu-Ping Chin, Penney Miller, and Chris L. Jaros G04S58 Impacts of climate warming and permafrost thaw on the riverine transport of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Kara Sea (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000369) / Karen E. Frey, James W McClelland, Robert M. Holmes, and Laurence C. Smith Theme 3: Impacts and Feedbacks from Arctic Freshwater Cycle Change G04S48 Relative sensitivity of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation to river discharge into Hudson Bay and the Arctic Ocean (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000330) / Asa K Rennermalm, Eric F. Wood, Andrew J. Weaver, Michael Eby, and Stephen J. Dery G04S41 Arctic freshwater export in the 20th and 21st centuries (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000274) / Torben Koenigk, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Helmuth Haak, and Johann Jungclaus G04S55 Projected changes in Arctic Ocean freshwater budgets (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000354) / Marika M. Holland, Joel Finnis, Andrew P. Barrett, and Mark C. Serreze G04S52 Potential impacts of a changing Arcfic on community water sources on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000351) / Molly Chambers, Daniel White, Robert Busey, Larry Hinzman, Lilian Alessa, and Andrew Kliskey There is no G04S56 in this volume. Author Index

Note: Contents: Preface ; Part 1 - Asset Pricing Theory ; 1 Consumption-Based Model and Overview ; 2 Applying the Basic Model ; 3 Contingent Claims Markets ; 4 The Discount Factor ; 5 Mean-Variance Frontier and Beta Representations ; 6 Relation between Discount Factors, Betas, and Mean-Variance Frontiers ; 7 hnplications of Existence and Equivalence Theorems ; 8 Conditioning Information ; 9 Factor Pricing Models ; Part II - Estimating and Evaluating Asset Pricing Models ; I 0 GMM in Explicit Discount Factor Models ; 11 GMM: General Formulas and Applications ; 12 Regression-Based Tests of Linear Factor Models ; 13 GMM for Linear Factor Models in Discount Factor Form ; 14 Maximum Likelihood ; 15 Time-Series, Cross-Section, and GMM/DF Tests of Linear Factor Models ; 16 Which Method? ; Part III - Bonds and Options ; 17 Option Pricing ; 18 Option Pricing without Perfect Replication ; 19 Term Structure of Interest Rates ; Part IV - Empirical Survey ; 20 Expected Returns in the Time Series and Cross Section ; 21 Equity Premium Puzzle and Consumption~Based Models ; PartV - Appendix ; A.1 Brownian Motion ; A.2 Diffusion Model ; A.3 Ito's Lemma ; Problems ; References