ALBERT

Note: Contents Part I Measurement of Environmental Parameters Affecting Marine Plankton Physiology 1 Characteristics of Marine Chemical Environment and the Measurements and Analyses of Seawater Carbonate Chemistry / Weidong Zhai 2 Photosynthetically Active Radiation and Ultraviolet Radiation Measurements / Gang Li and Kunshan Gao Part II Plankton Culture Techniques 3 Manipulation of Seawater Carbonate Chemistry / Kunshan Gao 4 Microalgae Continuous and Semi-continuous Cultures / Shanwen Chen and Kunshan Gao 5 Culturing Techniques for Planktonic Copepods / Wei Li, Xin Liu, and Zengling Ma Part III Determination of Key Enzymes in Primary Producers 6 Carbonic Anhydrase / Jianrong Xia, Xiongwen Chen, and Mario Giordano 7 Rubisco / Cuimin Liu, Kaiyao Huang, and Jianrong Xia 8 Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase / Fan Hu and Hanhua Hu 9 Nitrate Reductase / Dinghui Zou 10 Antioxidants and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Scavenging Enzymes / Yahe Li and Zengling Ma Part IV Measurements and Analyses of Pigments 11 Chlorophylls / Wenting Ke, Yanchao Yin, Xiongwen Chen, and Baosheng Qiu 12 Phycobiliproteins / Yiwen Yang, Juntian Xu, and Baosheng Qiu 13 Carotenoids / Fan Hu and Hanhua Hu 14 Phenolic Compounds and Other UV-Absorbing Compounds / Peng Jin and Kunshan Gao Part V Measurements and Analyses of Photosynthesis and Respiration 15 Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution / Guozheng Dai, Hualing Mi, and Baosheng Qiu 16 Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation / Gang Li, Yaping Wu, and Guang Gao 17 Photorespiration and Dark Respiration / Dinghui Zou and Juntian Xu 18 Carbon Dioxide vs. Bicarbonate Utilisation / Sven Beer, Mats Björk, and John Beardall 19 Action Spectra of Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation / Yaping Wu, Gang Li, and Kunshan Gao 20 Determination of the Inorganic Carbon Affinity and CO2 Concentrating Mechanisms of Algae / Yaping Wu and Kunshan Gao 21 Methods for Measuring Algal Carbon Fixation in Flow-Through Seawater / Kunshan Gao and Juntian Xu 22 Application of Membrane-Inlet Mass Spectrometry to Measurements of Photosynthetic Processes / Kunshan Gao and Hualing Mi 23 SIMS and NanoSIMS Techniques Applied to Studies of Plankton Productivity / Helle Ploug 24 Measurements of Photoinactivation and Repair of Photosystem II / Gang Li, Yahe Li, Wanchun Guan, and Hongyan Wu Part VI Chlorophyll Fluorescence Techniques and Applications 25 Basic Concepts and Key Parameters of Chlorophyll Fluorescence / Sven Beer, Mats Björk, and John Beardall 26 Fluorescence Measurement Techniques / Sven Beer, Mats Björk, and John Beardall 27 Carbon Assimilation Capacity and Blue-Green Fluorescence / Hualing Mi and Baosheng Qiu 28 In Situ Measurement of Phytoplankton Photochemical Parameters / Guang Gao, Peng Jin, and Kunshan Gao Part VII Biochemical and Molecular Methods 29 Biochemical Inhibitors for Algae / Yaping Wu and Kunshan Gao 30 Measurements of Particulate Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus / Kai Xu, Kunshan Gao, Fei-xue Fu, and David A. Hutchins 31 Isolation of Organelles / Min Xu and Hualing Mi 32 Measurements of Calcification and Silicification / Kai Xu, Kunshan Gao, and David A. Hutchins 33 Use of the Fluorochrome Calcein to Measure Growth and Calcification in Marine Organisms / Sam Dupont 34 The Application of Transcriptomics, Metagenomics, and Metatranscriptomics in Algal Research / Xin Lin 35 Methods for Nitrogen Fixation Measurement / Feixue Fu and Pingping Qu 36 Trace Metal Clean Culture Techniques / Yuanyuan Feng, Feixue Fu, and David A. Hutchins Part VIII Research Methods for Animals and Viruses 37 Electrophysiological Recording in Fish / Xiaojie Wang 38 Heart Rate Measurement in Mollusks / Yunwei Dong, Guodong Han, and Xiaoxu Li 39 Measuring the Feeding Rate of Herbivorous Zooplankton / Wei Li and Zengling Ma 40 Measurement of Virus-Induced Phytoplankton Mortality / Dapeng Xu, Yunlan Yang, and Rui Zhang

Note: Contents 1 Uncertainties in Urbanizing World and Nature-Based Resilience Building / Mahua Mukherjee and Rajib Shaw Part I Policy Analysis, Policy Framing and Recognition of Nature-Based Solution 2 Ecosystem-Based Adaptation (EbA) in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: Status, Progress and Challenges / Sunita Chaudhary, Basant Raj Adhikari, Pashupati Chaudhary, Tashi Dorji, and Renuka Poudel 3 Evaluation of Ecosystem-Based Approaches for Disaster and Climate Risk Resilience and Policy Perspectives in Pakistan / Muhammad Barkat Ali Khan, Atta-ur Rahman, and Rajib Shaw 4 Ecosystem-Based Approaches and Policy Perspectives in Nepal / Shobha Poudel, Bhogendra Mishra, and Rajib Shaw 5 Ecosystem-Based Approaches and Policy Perspective from India / Shweta Bhardwaj and Anil Kumar Gupta 6 Ecosystem-Based Approaches and Policy Perspectives: Towards an Integrated Blue–Green Solutions in Vietnam / Thi My Thi Tong and Ngoc Huy Nguyen 7 Turning Blue, Green and Gray: Opportunities for Blue-Green Infrastructure in the Philippines / Noralene Uy and Chris Tapnio 8 Making Resilience a Reality: The Contribution of Peri-urban Ecosystem Services (BGI) to Urban Resilience / Celeste Norman, Akhilesh Surjan, and Miranda Booth 9 Innovations to Reduce Disaster Risks of Water Challenges / Piyalee Biswas, Neelima Alam, and Sanjay Bajpai Part II Science Investigation, Technology and Planning Intervention 10 Future Heat Risk in South Asia and the Need for Ecosystem Mitigation / Peter J. Marcotullio and Michael T. Schmeltz 11 Urban Risk Assessment Tools and Techniques for Ecosystem-Based Solutions / Aditya Rahul, Siva Ram Edupuganti, Vickyson Naorem, Mahua Mukherjee, and Talbot Brooks 12 Scaling-up Nature-Based Solutions for Mainstreaming Resilience in Indian Cities / Shalini Dhyani, Rudrodip Majumdar, and Harini Santhanam 13 Incorporation of BIM Based Modeling in Sustainable Development of Green Building from Stakeholders Perspective / Raju Sarkar, Karan Narang, Abhinav Daalia, Vidushi Gautam, Ujjawal Nathani, and Rajib Shaw 14 Road to Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Comprehensive Approach for Smart Urban Areas Management / Norio Maki Part III Case Studies 15 Path Towards Sustainable Water Management: A Case Study of Shimla, India / Kamakshi Thapa, Chetna Singh, Sameer Deshkar, and Rajib Shaw 16 Application of Remote Sensing Image in ECO-DRR for Dehradun City / Atul Kumar, Jeevan Madapala, Mahua Mukherjee, Shirish Ravana, and Sandeep Sharma 17 Ecosystem-Based Approaches for Water Stress Management—Lessons from Nagpur Metropolitan Area, India / Vibhas Sukhwani, Kamakshi Thapa, Rajib Shaw, Sameer Deshkar, Bijon Kumer Mitra, and Wanglin Yan 18 Challenges in Decision-Making for Building Resilience to Climate Risks / Anamitra Anurag Danda, Nilanjan Ghosh, Jayanta Bandyopadhyay, and Sugata Hazra 19 A “Greener” Alternative: The Sri Lankan Experience of Eco-DRR / Deepthi Wickramasinghe 20 The Watarase Retarding Basin—A Historical Example of Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction in Japan / Tomohiro Ichinose, Jun Ishii, and Ikuko Imoto 21 Self-efficacy for EbA and Human Health in a Post-disaster Recovery Phase / Ai Tashiro 22 Freshwater Biomonitoring: An Ecosystem-Based Approach (EbA) for Building Climate Resilience Communities in Fiji / Bindiya Rashni 23 Forward-Looking Lens to Mainstream Blue-Green Infrastructure / Mahua Mukherjee and Rajib Shaw

Note: Contents 1 Current Insight into the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) / Shailendra K. Saxena, Swatantra Kumar, Vimal K. Maurya, Raman Sharma, Himanshu R. Dandu, and Madan L. B. Bhatt 2 Global Trends in Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) / Nishant Srivastava, Preeti Baxi, R. K. Ratho, and Shailendra K. Saxena 3 Morphology, Genome Organization, Replication, and Pathogenesis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) / Swatantra Kumar, Rajni Nyodu, Vimal K. Maurya, and Shailendra K. Saxena 4 Transmission Cycle of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 / Tushar Yadav and Shailendra K. Saxena 5 Host Immune Response and Immunobiology of Human SARS-CoV-2 Infection / Swatantra Kumar, Rajni Nyodu, Vimal K. Maurya, and Shailendra K. Saxena 6 Clinical Characteristics and Differential Clinical Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) / Raman Sharma, Madhulata Agarwal, Mayank Gupta, Somyata Somendra, and Shailendra K. Saxena 7 Coronavirus Infection Among Children and Adolescents / Sujita Kumar Kar, Nishant Verma, and Shailendra K. Saxena 8 COVID-19: An Ophthalmological Update / Ankita, Apjit Kaur, and Shailendra K. Saxena 9 Laboratory Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection / Abhishek Padhi, Swatantra Kumar, Ekta Gupta, and Shailendra K. Saxena 10 Therapeutic Development and Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19 / Vimal K. Maurya, Swatantra Kumar, Madan L. B. Bhatt, and Shailendra K. Saxena 11 Prevention and Control Strategies for SARS-CoV-2 Infection / Nishant Srivastava and Shailendra K. Saxena 12 Classical Coronaviruses / Nitesh Kumar Jaiswal and Shailendra K. Saxena 13 Emergence and Reemergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronaviruses / Preeti Baxi and Shailendra K. Saxena 14 Preparing for the Perpetual Challenges of Pandemics of Coronavirus Infections with Special Focus on SARS-CoV-2 / Sonam Chawla and Shailendra K. Saxena 15 Preparing Children for Pandemics / Rakhi Saxena and Shailendra K. Saxena 16 Coping with Mental Health Challenges During COVID-19 / Sujita Kumar Kar, S. M. Yasir Arafat, Russell Kabir, Pawan Sharma, and Shailendra K. Saxena Correction to: Transmission Cycle of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 / Tushar Yadav and Shailendra K. Saxena

Note: Contents Model Systematic Errors in the Annual Cycle of Monsoon: Inferences from Process-Based Diagnostics / H. Annamalai Challenges in Tropical Numerical Weather Prediction at ECMWF / Peter Bechtold Convection Initiation in Climate Models Using the Heated Condensation Framework: A Review / Rodrigo J. Bombardi, Ahmed B. Tawfik, Lawrence Marx, Paul A. Dirmeyer and James L. Kinter III Cloud Microphysics Across Scales for Weather and Climate / Andrew Gettelman, Hugh Morrison and Greg Thompson Microphysical Representations and Their Consistency with In Situ and Remote-Sensing Observations / Ziad S. Haddad Convective Available Potential Energy and Precipitation in a Cloud-Resolving Model Simulation of Indian Summer Monsoon / Deepeshkumar Jain, Arindam Chakraborty and Ravi S. Nanjundiah A Gray Zone GCM with Full Representation of Cloud Microphysics / In-Sik Kang and Min-Seop Ahn The Stochastic Multi-cloud Model (SMCM) Convective Parameterization in the CFSv2: Scopes and Opportunities / B. B. Goswami, B. Khouider, R. Phani, Parthasarathi Mukhopadhyay and A. J. Majda The IITM Earth System Model (ESM): Development and Future Roadmap / R. Krishnan, P. Swapna, Ramesh Vellore, Sandeep Narayanasetti, A. G. Prajeesh, Ayantika Dey Choudhury, Manmeet Singh, T. P. Sabin and J. Sanjay Cumulus Friction in the Asian Monsoon of a Global Model with 7 km Mesh / Suvarchal K. Cheedela and Brian E. Mapes Difficulties in the Subgrid-Scale Redistribution of Moisture of a Global Cloud-Resolving Model / Hiroaki Miura Challenges of Improving the Stratiform Processes in a Coupled Climate Model with Indian Monsoon Perspective / Parthasarathi Mukhopadhyay, R. Phani Murali Krishna, S. Abhik, Malay Ganai and Kumar Roy Current and Future Activities in Unified Modelling and Data Assimilation at NCMRWF / E. N. Rajagopal, A. K. Mitra, Munmun Das Gupta, John P. George, Raghavendra Ashrit, Abhijit Sarkar and A. Jayakumar Microphysics in Goddard Multi-scale Modeling Systems: A Review / W.-K. Tao, J. Chern, T. Iguchi, S. Lang, M.-I. Lee, X. Li, A. Loftus, T. Matsui, K. Mohr, S. Nicholls, C. Peters-Lidard, D. J. Posselt and G. Skofronick-Jackson Stochastic Representation of NCEP GEFS to Improve Sub-seasonal Forecast / Yuejian Zhu, Wei Li, Xiaqiong Zhou and Dingchen Hou New Pathways for Moist Convection Parameterisation / A. Pier Siebesma and Jesse Dorrestijn Land Surface Processes / Dev Niyogi Author Index

Note: Contents Part I Neural Dynamics in Motor and Sensory Systems and in Cognitive Functions 1 Decomposition of Superimposed Chaotic Spike Sequences by Using the Bifurcating Neuron / Akihiro Yamaguchi, Yutaka Yamaguti, and Masao Kubo 2 Neural Energy Properties and Mental Exploration Based on Neural Energy Field Gradient / Yihong Wang, Xuying Xu, and Rubin Wang 3 Information Coded in the Striatum During Decision-Making / Makoto Ito and Kenji Doya 4 A Comparison of Reward Values Encoding Function Between the Prefrontal Cortex and Striatum in Monkey / Zaizhi Wen, Jianhua Zhang, and Xiaochuan Pan 5 Injection of Muscimol into Prefrontal Cortex Impairs Monkey’s Reward Transitive Inference / Xiaochuan Pan, Rubin Wang, and Masamichi Sakagami 6 Behavioral and Cognitive Impairments Induced by Low Doses of MK-801 and Ketamine / Marta Lovera-Ulecía, Lucía Moreno-Lama, María Ángeles Gómez-Climent, José M. Delgado-García, and Agnès Gruart 7 Changes in Brain Activity During Instrumental Behavior After Additional Learning in Rats / Vladimir Gavrilov 8 Coincidence Detection and Absolute Threshold in the Auditory Brainstem / Ray Meddis 9 Simultaneous Observation and Imagery of Hand Movement Enhance Event-Related Desynchronization of Stroke Patients / Atsuhiro Ichidi, Yuka Hanafusa, Tatsunori Itakura, and Toshihisa Tanaka 10 Behavioral and Brain Activity Modulation Through Neurofeedback Training Using Electroencephalography / Takuya Kimura and Jiro Okuda Part II Cognitive Network and Multi-scale Neural Network Dynamics 11 Network Model for Dynamics of Perception with Reservoir Computing and Predictive Coding / Yuichi Katori 12 Analysis of Structure-Function Relationship Using a Whole-Brain Dynamic Model Based on MRI Images of the Common Marmoset / Hiromichi Tsukada, Hiroaki Hamada, Ken Nakae, Shin Ishii, Junichi Hata, Hideyuki Okano, and Kenji Doya 13 A Structure and Function of Hippocampal Memory Networks in Consolidating Spatiotemporal Contexts / Hiromichi Tsukada, Minoru Tsukada, and Yoshikazu Isomura 14 A Pseudo-neuron Device and Firing Dynamics of Their Networks Similar to Neural Synchronizing Phenomena Between Far Local Fields in the Brain /Tomoyuki Yano, Yoshitomo Goto, Tomoyuki Nagaya, Ichiro Tsuda, and Shigetoshi Nara 15 Neurodynamics on Up and Down Transitions of Membrane Potential: From Single Neuron to Network / Xuying Xu, Rubin Wang, and Jianting Cao 16 Effects of Temporal Integration on Computational Performance of Spiking Neural Network / Fangzheng Xue, Yang Zhang, Hongjun Zhou, and Xiumin Li 17 Anticipatory Top-Down Interactive Neural Dynamics / Steven L. Bressler 18 Coherence-Based Coding in Spiking Neural Network with Global Inhibitory Feedback / Jinli Xie, Qinjun Zhao, and Jianyu Zhao 19 Time-Varying Scalp EEG Network Patterns for Music Tempo Perception /Wei Xu, Yin Tian, Haiyong Zhang, Huiling Zhang, Zhongyan Wang, Li Yang, Shuxing Zheng, Yupan Shi, Xing Zhao, Dechun Zhao, Xiuxing Wang, Yu Pang, and Zhangyong Li 20 Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptors Modulate Neural Rhythms in Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus and Prefronto-Hippocampal Connectivity in Alert Mice / Thomas Gener, Adrià Tauste-Campo, Maria Alemany-González, Cristina Delgado-Sallent, and Maria Victoria Puig Part III Neuroengineering, Neuroinformation and Brain Computer Interaction 21 A New Paradigm Based on Dynamic Visual Stimulation in BCI / Zhaoyang Qiu, Jing Jin, Hanhan Zhang, Yu Zhang, Bei Wang, and Xingyu Wang 22 Asynchronous Stimulation Method for N100-P300 Speller / Natsuki Morita and Yoshikazu Washizawa 23 Attention Evaluation Based on Single Prefrontal EEG / Jianhai Zhang, Gaomin Liu, Shaokai Zhao, and Wenhao Huang 24 Multi-Linc: A New Approach for Exploring Inter-areal Spike Communication / Yoshikazu Isomura 25 Intra-body Communication as an Emerging Approach to Neuromodulation / Javier Reina-Tosina, M. Amparo Callejón, Laura Fernández, and Laura M. Roa 26 Electrophysiology Techniques in Visual Prosthesis / Alejandro Barriga-Rivera and Gregg Jorgen Suaning 27 Application of Video-Oculography for the Analysis of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in Acute Hypoxic Mice / Juan Carlos López-Ramos, Ana Belén García Cebrián, and José M. Delgado-García 28 RatButton: A User-Friendly Touchscreen Presentation Software / Celia Andreu-Sánchez, Miguel Ángel Martín-Pascual, Agnès Gruart, and José María Delgado-García 29 ERFo: An Algorithm for Extracting a Range of Optimal Frequencies for Filtering Electrophysiological Recordings / C. Rocío Caro-Martín, Agnès Gruart, José M. Delgado-García, and Alessandro E. P. Villa 30 VISSOR: An Algorithm for the Detection, Identification, and Classification of the Action Potentials Distributed Across Electrophysiological Recordings / C. Rocío Caro-Martín, José M. Delgado-García, Agnès Gruart, and Raudel Sánchez-Campusano Part IV Modelling Higher-Order Functions and Dysfunctions 31 Influence of β-Amyloid Plaques on the Local Network Activity in the APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease / Patricia Castano-Prat, Guillermo Aparicio-Torres, Alberto Muñoz, and Maria V. Sanchez-Vives 32 Altered Functional Connectivity in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome / Miguel Dasilva, Alvaro Navarro-Guzman, Luca Maiolo, Andres Ozaita, and Maria V. Sanchez-Vives 33 Multiple Epileptogenic Foci Can Promote Seizure Discharge Onset and Propagation / Denggui Fan and Qingyun Wang 34 An ERP Study Reveals How Training with Dual N-Back Task Affects Risky Decision Making in a Gambling Task in ADHD Patients / Sarah K. Mesrobian, Alessandra Lintas, Manon Jaquerod, Michel Bader, Lorenz Götte, and Alessandro E. P. Villa 35 Working Memory Development in Attention Deficit Children and Adolescents / Elena I. Rodríguez-Martínez, Antonio Arjona-Valladares, Francisco J. Ruíz-Martínez, Manuel Morales, Catarina I. Barriga-Paulino, Jaime Gómez-González, and Carlos M. Gómez 36 Spectral Power and Maturational Frequency-Coupling Differences Between Attention Deficit and Control Children and Adolescents / Elena I. Rodríguez-Martínez, Brenda Y. Angulo-Ruíz, Antonio Arjona-Valladares, Francisco J. Ruíz-Martinez, Jaime Gómez-González, and Carlos M. Gómez 37 Event-Related Potentials During a Delayed Match-to-Sample Test to Evaluate Working Memory Development in Control and Attention Deficit Children and Adolescents / Antonio Arjona-Valladares, Elena I. Rodríguez-Martínez, Francisco J. Ruíz-Martínez, Jaime Gómez-González, and Carlos M. Gómez 38 Postnatal Development of Sleep-Wake Cycle in Wild-Type Mice / Ángeles Prados-Pardo, Sandra Yaneth Prieto-Soler, and Eduardo Domínguez-del-Toro 39 Complexity of Heart Rate As a Value of Behavioral Complexity / Anastasiia Bakhchina 40 Neural Generators of the N2 Component for Abstinent Heroin Addicts in a Dot-Probe Task / Hongqian Li, Qinglin Zhao, Bin Hu, Yu Zhou, and Quanying Liu Part V Oscillation, Synchronization, Neural Plasticity, and Coordination Dynamics from Neural to Social Systems 41 Changes in Phase Synchronization of EEG During Development of Symbolic Communication Systems / Masayuki Fujiwara, Takashi Hashimoto, Guanhong Li, Jiro Okuda, Takeshi Konno, Kazuyuki Samejima, and Junya Morita 42 Effect of Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity on Stochastic Spike Synchronization in an Excitatory Neuronal Population / Sang-Yoon Kim and Woochang Lim 43 Alpha Phase Is Regulated by Gamma Power in Mouse Hippocampus / Tao Zhang, Xiaxia Xu, and Zhuo Yang 44 Quantitative Analysis of Functional Connectivity Between Prefrontal Cortex and Striatum in Monkey / Zaizhi Wen, Jianhua Zhang, Xiaochuan Pan, and Rubin Wang 45 Spontaneous Theta Rhythm Predicts Insomnia Duration: A Resting-State EEG Study / Wenrui Zhao, Dong Gao, Faguo Yue, Yanting Wang, Dandan Mao, Tianqiang Liu, and Xu Lei 46 Differences in Perceiving Narratives Through Screens or Reality / Miguel Ángel Martín-Pascual, Celia Andreu-Sánchez, José M. Delgado-García, and Agnès Gruart 47 Self-Organization with Constraints: The Significance of Invariant Manifolds / Ichiro Tsuda 48 On the Nature of Coordination in Nature / Emmanuelle Tognoli,

Note: Contents Preface 1 Introduction to Ice Drilling Technology 1.1 Ice Drilling Targets and Aims 1.2 Structure of Ice Sheets and Glaciers 1.3 Classification of Ice Drilling Methods References 2 Yearly History of Ice Drilling from Nineteeth to the First Half of Twentieth Century References 3 Direct-Push Drilling 3.1 Drive Sampling 3.1.1 Basic Principles 3.1.2 Mt. Rose Sampler 3.1.3 Utah Snow Sampler 3.1.4 Federal Snow Sampler 3.1.5 Bowman Sampler 3.1.6 Rosen Sampler 3.1.7 Large Diameter Snow Samplers 3.1.8 Vibratory Drill 3.2 Penetrative Testing 3.2.1 Ski Pole Penetrometer 3.2.2 Ram Penetrometer 3.2.3 Snow Resistograph 3.2.4 Digital Thermo-Resistograph 3.2.5 Snow Micro-Penetrometer 3.2.6 SABRE Probe 3.2.7 Cone Penetrometer Testing 3.3 Summary References 4 Hand- and Power-Driven Portable Drills 4.1 Noncoring Augers 4.1.1 SFFEL Noncoring Auger 4.1.2 SIPRE/CRREL Ice Thickness Kit 4.1.3 Kovacs Ice Thickness Kit 4.1.4 AARI Portable Sled-Mounted Drilling Rig 4.1.5 Handheld Coal-Boring Augers 4.1.6 Ice Augers for Winter Fishing 4.2 Noncoring “Piston” Drill 4.3 Core Augers. 4.3.1 General Principles 4.3.2 SFFEL Auger 4.3.3 SIPRE Auger 4.3.4 CRREL Auger 4.3.5 Rand Auger 4.3.6 Big John 12″ Auger 4.3.7 PICO Lightweight Auger 4.3.8 Kovacs Auger 4.3.9 IGAS Hand Auger 4.3.10 Swiss Hand Auger 4.3.11 UCPH Hand Auger 4.3.12 “Prairie Dog” Auger 4.3.13 “Sidewinder” 4.3.14 IDDO Hand Auger 4.4 Core Drills with Teeth and Annular Bits 4.4.1 Taku Glacier Hand Drill 4.4.2 Canadian Portable Ice Drill 4.4.3 Tsykin’s Hand Drill 4.4.4 5th CAE Drill 4.4.5 Ice Core Drill with Annular Bit PI-8 4.5 Mini Drills 4.5.1 Livingston Island Mini Drill 4.5.2 Chipmunk Drill 4.6 Summary References 5 Percussion Drills 5.1 Cable-Tool Drill Rigs 5.1.1 IGAS Cable-Tool Rig 5.1.2 Cable-Tool of California Institute of Technology 5.1.3 Star Iron Works Cable-Tool 5.2 Pneumatic Drills 5.3 Rotary-Percussion Drills 5.4 Summary References 6 Conventional Machine-Driven Rotary Drill Rigs 6.1 Dry Drilling 6.1.1 Expéditions Polaires Françaises in Greenland 6.1.2 Baffin Island Expedition 6.1.3 Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition 6.1.4 Mirny Station, Antarctica 6.2 Auger Drilling 6.2.1 Mirny Station, Antarctica 6.2.2 McMurdo Station, Antarctica 6.2.3 Amundsen–Scott Station, South Pole 6.2.4 Subglacial Lake Ellsworth Camp 6.3 Commercial Drill Rigs for Ice Fishing 6.4 Air Rotary Drilling 6.4.1 Mirny, Antarctica 6.4.2 Site 2, Greenland 6.4.3 Byrd Station, Antarctica 6.4.4 Little America V, Antarctica 6.4.5 Franz Josef Land, Russian Arctic 6.4.6 Base Roi Baudouin, Antarctica 6.5 Rotary Drilling with Fluid Circulation 6.5.1 Taku Glacier, Alaska 6.5.2 Mer de Glace, French Alps 6.5.3 South Leduc Glacier, British Columbia 6.5.4 McMurdo Station, Antarctica 6.6 Wire-Line Drills 6.6.1 International Antarctic Glaciological Project, East Antarctica 6.6.2 Ross Ice Shelf Project 6.6.3 Base Druzhnaya, Antarctica 6.6.4 Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska 6.6.5 Isua Greenstone Belt, Southwestern Greenland 6.6.6 Foremore Glacier, British Columbia, Western Canada 6.6.7 Rapid Access Ice Drill (RAID) 6.6.8 Agile Sub-ice Geological (ASIG) Drill 6.7 Drilling in Rock Glaciers 6.7.1 Overview of Projects Using Conventional Drilling Equipment 6.7.2 Koci Drill 6.8 Summary References 7 Flexible Drill-Stem Drill Rigs 7.1 Rapid Shallow Drill Rigs 7.2 Rapid-Access Drill Rigs 7.2.1 Thermomechanical Drill 7.2.2 Coiled-Tubing Drill Rigs 7.2.3 RADIX 7.2.4 SUBGLACIOR Drilling Probe 7.3 Summary References 8 Cable-Suspended Electromechanical Auger Drills 8.1 Basic Principles 8.2 University of Iceland (UI) Drill 8.3 University of Bern (UB) Drills 8.3.1 Rufli Drill 8.3.2 Further Improved UB Drills 8.4 CRREL Drill 8.5 Institute of Low Temperature Science (ILTS) Drills 8.5.1 First Prototypes 8.5.2 ID-140 Drill 8.5.3 ILTS-140 Drill 8.5.4 MID-140 Drill 8.5.5 Portable ILTS-130 and -100 Drills 8.5.6 ILTS-130E(F) and ILTS-150 Drills 8.5.7 New Portable ILTS Drill 8.6 University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Drill 8.7 Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement (LGGE) Drills 8.8 National Hydrology Research Institute (NHRI) Drill 8.9 Polar Ice Coring Office (PICO) 4″ Drill 8.10 Alfred-Wegener Institute (AWI) Drills 8.11 Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) Drill 8.12 BZXJ Drills 8.13 Geo Tecs Drills 8.13.1 Geo Tecs Prototype Shallow Drill 8.13.2 Further Improvements 8.13.3 Field Testing and Operations 8.14 Hilda/Simon/Eclipse Drills 8.14.1 Hilda/Simon Drills 8.14.2 Eclipse Drill 8.14.3 Field Testing and Coring 8.14.4 Badger-Eclipse Drill 8.15 Byrd Polar Research Center (BPRC) Drills 8.16 British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Drills 8.16.1 BAS/IMAU Drill 8.16.2 Rapid-Access Isotope Drill 8.17 FELICS Drills 8.17.1 3″ Drill 8.17.2 “Backpack Drill” 8.18 Blue Ice Drill (BID) 8.18.1 BID General Fescription 8.18.2 Operation and Performance 8.18.3 BID-Deep System 8.19 Summary References 9 Cable-Suspended Electromechanical Drills with Bottom-Hole Circulation 9.1 CRREL Electromechanical Drill 9.1.1 Drilling Equipment 9.1.2 Camp Century, Greenland 9.1.3 Byrd Station, Antarctica 9.2 ISTUK Drill 9.2.1 Drill System 9.2.2 Dye 3, Greenland (GISP) 9.2.3 Summit, Greenland (GRIP) 9.2.4 Law Dome, Antarctica 9.3 LGGE Electromechanical Drills 9.4 PICO-5.2″ Electromechanical Drill 9.4.1 Drill System 9.4.2 Summit, Greenland (GISP2) 9.4.3 Taylor Dome, Antarctica 9.4.4 Siple Dome, Antarctica 9.5 KEMS Electromechanical Drill 9.5.1 Drill System 9.5.2 Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic 9.5.3 Vostok Station, Antarctica 9.6 JARE Electromechanical Drill 9.6.1 Drill System 9.6.2 Preliminary Tests 9.6.3 First Deep Ice Coring Project at Dome F, Antarctica 9.6.4 Second Deep Ice Coring Project at Dome F, Antarctica 9.6.5 Kunlun Station (Dome A), Antarctica 9.7 Hans Tausen (HT) Electromechanical Drill and Its Modifications 9.7.1 Basic Drill System 9.7.2 Hans Tausen Ice Cap, Greenland 9.7.3 NorthGRIP, Greenland 9.7.4 EPICA Dome C, Antarctica 9.7.5 EPICA-DML, Kohnen Station, Antarctica 9.7.6 Berkner Island, Antarctica 9.7.7 Talos Dome, Antarctica (TALDICE) 9.7.8 Flade Isblink Ice Cap, Greenland 9.7.9 NEEM Deep Ice Core Drilling, Greenland 9.7.10 James Ross Island, Antarctica 9.7.11 Fletcher Promontory, Antarctica 9.7.12 Roosevelt Island, Antarctica 9.7.13 NEEM, Greenland (UCPH Intermediate-Depth Ice Core Drilling System) 9.7.14 Aurora Basin North, Antarctica 9.7.15 Renland Ice Cap, Greenland 9.7.16 Summit, Greenland (IDDO Intermediate-Depth Drill) 9.7.17 South Pole, Antarctica (SPICE) 9.8 IDRA Drill 9.9 DISC Electromechanical Drill 9.9.1 Drill System 9.9.2 Field Testing at Summit, Greenland 9.9.3 WAIS Divide, Antarctica 9.9.4 Replicate Coring, WAIS Divide, Antarctica 9.10 IBED Drill 9.11 Summary References 10 Drilling Challenges and Perspectives for Future Development 10.1 Low-Temperature Drilling Fluids 10.1.1 Drilling Fluid Compositions 10.1.2 ESTISOL™ 240/COASOL™ Drilling Fluid 10.1.3 ESTISOL™ 140 Drilling Fluid 10.1.4 Low-Molecular Weight Dimethyl Siloxane Oils 10.1.5 Low-Molecular Weight Esters 10.1.6 Kerosene-Based Drilling Fluids Mixed with Fourth-Generation Foam-Expansion Agents 10.2 Ice Drilling Under Complicated Conditions 10.2.1 Permeable Snow-Firn 10.2.2 Brittle Ice Zone 10.2.3 Warm Ice 10.2.4 Debris-Containing Ice 10.2.5 Bedrock 10.2.6 Elimination of Sticking Drills 10.3 Advanced Drilling Systems 10.3.1 Rapid-Access Ice Drilling Systems for Subglacial Bedrock Drilling 10.3.2 Sidewall Drilling 10.3.3 Automated Drilling Systems References Appendix A: Records of Mechanical Drilling in Ice Appendix B: Abbreviations of Institutes, Organizations, and Projects

Note: Contents Part I Rainfall Analysis Rainfall Probability Distribution Analysis in Selected Lateral Command Area of Upper Krishna Project (Karnataka), India / N. K. Rajeshkumar, P. Balakrishnan, G. V. Srinivas Reddy, B. S. Polise Gowdar and U. Satishkumar Analyzing Rainfall and Reservoir Release Pattern for Ajwa Reservoir: A Case Study / Pushkar Sharma and Sanskriti Mujumdar Preliminary Investigations on Localized Rainfall Interception Losses Under Real Field Observations / M. L. Gaur and Saket Kumar Probabilistic Estimation of Design Daily Runoff from Bamhani Watershed, India / Sarita Gajbhiye Meshram and Vijay P. Singh Part II Evapotranspiration Development of Generalized Higher-Order Neural Network-Based Models for Estimating Pan Evaporation / Sirisha Adamala, N. S. Raghuwanshi and Ashok Mishra Sensitivity Analysis of FAO-56 Penman–Monteith Reference Evapotranspiration Estimates Using Monte Carlo Simulations / Gicy M. Kovoor and Lakshman Nandagiri Quantification of Error in Estimation of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Class A Pan Evaporimeter and Its Correction / S. Praharaj, P. K. Mohanty and B. C. Sahoo Part III Urban Runoff Spatial and Temporal Analyses of Impervious Surface Area on Hydrological Regime of Urban Watersheds / Tauseef A. Ansari and Y. B. Katpatal An Assessment of Hydrological Impacts Due to Changes in the Urban Sprawl in Bhopal City and its Peripheral Urban-Rural Fringe / L. Patel, S. Goyal and T. Thomas Simulation of Urban Drainage System Using Disaggregated Rainfall Data / Vinay Ashok Rangari, K. Veerendra Gopi, N. V. Umamahesh and Ajey Kumar Patel Investigation of Drainage for Structures, Lithology and Priority (Flood and Landslide) Assessment Using Geospatial Technology, J&K, NW Himalaya / Umair Ali and Syed Ahmad Ali Hydrologic Design Parameters Database for Water Harvesting Structures in Madhya Pradesh / Ramadhar Singh, Karan Singh and D. M. Bhandarkar Application of Storm Water Management Model to an Urban Catchment / V. Swathi, K. Srinivasa Raju and Ajit Pratap Singh Part IV Soil Erosion and Sediment A Study of Erosional Depositional Activity and Land Use Mapping of Majuli River Island Using Landsat Data / Dipsikha Devi, Nilutpal Phukan and Bibhash Sarma Study of Soil Erosion and Deposition Around an Island in a Natural Stream / Snigdhadip Ghosh, Saptarshi Das and Vijay Kumar Dwivedi Impact Assessment of Alternate Land Cover and Management Practices on Soil Erosion: A Case Study / T. R. Nayak, R. K. Jaiswal, R. V. Galkate and T. Thomas Geostatistical Analysis of River Sedimentation Behavior in Kerala State / Mathew K. Jose, T. Chandramohan, B. K. Purandara and B. Venkatesh Study of Mineralogical Composition of Sediment in Brahmaputra River in Urban Stretch of Guwahati City, Assam, India / Mamata Das and Triptimoni Borah Part V Remote Sensing and GIS Applications Hypsometric Analysis for Assessing Erosion Status of Watershed Using Geographical Information System / S. K. Sharma, S. Gajbhiye, S. Tignath and R. J. Patil Assessment of Different Bathymetry Statistical Models Using Landsat-8 Multispectral Images / Omar Makboul, Abdelazim Negm, Saleh Mesbah and Mohamed Mohasseb Estimation of Minimum and Maximum Air Temperature Using MODIS Remote Sensing Imagery and Geographical Information System (GIS) / P. Sardhara Bharatkumar, P. Dholariya Jay, M. K. Tiwari and M. L. Gaur A RS and GIS Approaches for the Estimation of Runoff and Soil Erosion in SA-13 Watershed / H. N. Bhange and V. V. Deshmukh Rainwater Harvesting Structure Site Suitability Using Remote Sensing and GIS / B. K. Gavit, R. C. Purohit, P. K. Singh, Mahesh Kothari and H. K. Jain Land Surface Temperature Estimation Using Remote Sensing Data / Vijay Solanky, Sangeeta Singh and S. K. Katiyar Watershed Prioritization of Wardha River Basin, Maharashtra, India Using Morphometric Parameters: A Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Approach / B. S. Manjare, S. Khan, S. A. Jawadand and M. A. Padhye Flood Assessment of Lolab Valley from Watershed Characterization Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques / Mannan Bashir Wani, Syed Ahmad Ali and Umair Ali Delineation of Paleochannels in Periyar River Basin of Kerala Using Remote Sensing and Electrical Resistivity Methods / C. P. Priju, Jiby Francis, P. R. Arun and N. B. Narasimha Prasad Application of EO-1 Hyperion Data for Mapping and Discrimination of Agricultural Crops / H. Ramesh and P. P. Soorya Geomatica-Based Approach for Automatic Extraction of Lineaments from ASTER-GDEM Data, in Part of Al-Rawdah, Shabwah, Southeast Yemen / Mohammed Sultan Alshayef and Akram Javed Part VI Watershed Runoff and Floods Morpho-Mathematical Analysis of Bharar River Basin District Chhatarpur-Central India / Pradeep Kumar Jain Application of Principal Component Analysis for Grouping of Morphometric Parameters and Prioritization of Watershed / Sarita Gajbhiye Meshram and S. K. Sharma Velocity Distribution in Vortex Chamber at High Water Abstraction Ratio / Mohammad Athar and Shivani Srotriya Performance Appraisal of Friction Factor Estimators / Abhishek Mishra, Aditya Deshpande and Bimlesh Kumar Experimental Investigations of Wave Height Attenuation by Submerged Artificial Vegetation / Beena Mary John, I. Mohit Babu, Kiran G. Shirlal and Subba Rao Developing Rating Curves for Nubia Lake, Sudan, Using RS/GIS / Mohamed Elsahabi, Abdelazim Negm and Kamal Ali A Spreadsheet Approach for Prediction of Rating Curve Parameters / Mohammad Muzzammil, Javed Alam and Mohammad Zakwan Experimental Study on Role of Emergent Artificial Coastal Vegetation in Controlling Wave Run Up / Beena Mary John, R. T. Arun Vignesh, Kiran G. Shirlal and Subba Rao Development of Regional Soil Water Retention (SWR) Characteristics / R. K. Jaiswal, T. Thomas, R. V. Galkate, S. Singh and J. V. Tyagi Revision of Empirical Coefficients of Commonly Used Flood Formulae Using Flow Data from Karnataka Rivers / T. Chandramohan, Mathew K. Jose, B. K. Purandara and B. Venkatesh Reservoir Inflow Forecasting Using Extreme Learning Machines / Mukesh Kumar Tiwari and Sanjeet Kumar Quantifying Discontinuity, Connectivity, Variability, and Hierarchy in Overland Flow Generation: Comparison of Different Modeling Methods / Xuefeng Chu Nondimensional UH-Based Smoothing of S-Curve-Derived UH Oscillations / P. R. Patil, S. K. Mishra, Nayan Sharma and Vijay P. Singh Fuzzy-Based Comprehensive Evaluation of Environmental Flow Alteration / Kairong Lin, Fan Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Xinjun Tu and Yang Hu Part VII Watershed Modeling Spatial Characters of a Tropical River Basin, South-West Coast of India / Girish Gopinath, N. Ramisha, Ajith G. Nair and N. P. Jesiya Streamflow Estimation Using SWAT Model Over Seonath River Basin, Chhattisgarh, India / Sabyasachi Swain, Mani Kant Verma and M. K. Verma Revisiting the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number Method / S. K. Mishra, Vijay P. Singh and P. K. Singh Hydrological Impacts of Rejuvenating Degraded Hilly Watershed in Shivalik Region / A. K. Tiwari and V. K. Bhatt Modeling of a River Basin Using SWAT Model / B. Venkatesh, T. Chandramohan, B. K. Purandara, Mathew K. Jose and P. C. Nayak Performance of the Xinanjiang Model / A. Ahirwar, M. K. Jain and M. Perumal

Note: Contents: Part I: Supply Chain Risk Management -- Chapter 1: Supply Chain Risk Management: A Comprehensive Review -- Chapter 1: Supply Chain Risk Management: A Comprehensive Review -- Chapter 3: Modeling Risk Emergence and Propagation in Buyer-Supplier-Customer Relationships -- Chapter 4: Managing Reputational Risks in Supply Chains -- Chapter 5: Managing IT and Cyber Risks in Supply Chains -- Chapter 6: Developing Supply Chain Risk Mitigation Strategies -- Part II: Supply Chain Vulnerability and Disruptions Management -- Chapter7: Analyzing Supply Chain Vulnerability through Simulation -- Chapter 8: Supply Chain Disruptions Preparedness Measures Using a Dynamic Model -- Chapter 9: A Quantitative Model for Analyzing Market Response during Supply Chain Disruptions -- Chapter 10: Supply Chain Risk Management in the Transmission and Amplification of Disruptions -- Chapter 11: Strategic Sourcing Under Supply Disruption Risk -- Chapter 12: Design and Evaluation of Global Supply Chain Considering Disruption Risk -- Part III: Toward a Resilient Supply Chain -- Chapter 13: Supply Chain Resiliency: A Review -- Chapter 14: The Role of Resiliency in Managing Supply Chains Disruptions -- Chapter 15: Designing Resilience into Service Supply Chains: A Conceptual Methodology -- Chapter 16: Resiliency in Supply Chain Systems: A Triadic Framework using Family Resilience Model -- Chapter 17: Cultivating Supply Chain Agility: Managerial Actions Derived From Established Antecedents -- Chapter 18: Assessing Supply Chain Resilience upon Critical Infrastructure Disruptions: A Multilevel Simulation Modelling Approach

Note: Chapter 1: Reasons to conduct research in space -- Chapter 2: History of Human Space Exploration -- Chapter 3: Major frontiers in space science (I) -- Chapter 4: Major frontiers in space science (II) -- Chapter 5: Space Systems Engineering and Its Systems -- Chapter 6: Technical fundamentals (I): orbit, attitude and TT&C -- Chapter 7: Technical fundamentals (II): scientific payloads and its application environment -- Chapter 8: Technical fundamentals (III): Mission Planning and Operations -- Chapter 9: Managements (I): Call for Mission Proposals and Its Selection -- Chapter 10: Managements (II): Mission Development and the Duty of Scientists and Engineers -- Chapter 11: Managements (III): Quality Management and Risk Control -- Chapter 12: Managements (IV): Full Mission Lifecycle Management and Output Evaluation -- Chapter 13: International Cooperation -- Chapter 14: Strategic Planning of Space Science in China -- Chapter 15: Relations of Space science, Space Technology and Space Applications.