ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: During the 1980s the increasing availability of seismic reflection data prompted an upsurge of interest in extensional tectonics, early work concentrating on ‘listric’ thrust-belt type models and the concepts of section balancing. However, earthquake seismology and detailed fault studies have shown recently that faults involved in crustal extension may be essentially planar. This volume concerns the geological setting and interpretation of both listric and planar normal faults. Normal faults are of particular importance in UK hydrocarbon exploration as they are directly or indirectly responsible for the majority of the pre-Tertiary oil and gas accumulations in the North Sea. As the economic size of fields reduces, the modern geologist will require an improved understanding of the origins, geometry and sealing capabilities of these faults. The volume is divided into four sections, dealing with: the geometry and kinematics of large-scale, crustal-stretching faults which typically delimit major hydrocarbon accumulations; case studies ranging from the small-scale fractures associated with the movement of salt to the large-scale intra-plate kinematics of whole fault arrays; studies of detailed displacement patterns shown by individual faults and small fault arrays; and modelling studies of normal fault geometry. The editors believe that this volume will clarify the circumstances in which the diverse models of normal fault geometry might be applicable and thus provide a useful source of reference for both industry- and academia-based research workers. Another volume on extensional tectonics? Yes, but not only is this one very nicely put together, it is also very timely … The editors have wisely placed the emphasis on observations and data … Roberts et al. deserve a great deal of credit for the very high standard of presentation. Most of the contributions contain sensible stuff that is clearly written. Illustrations are excellent … and there are hardly any typos … Ican thoroughly recommend this book to both libraries and individuals.

Description / Table of Contents: W. A. England and A. J. Fleet: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:1-6, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.01 --- Part I: Generation and Expulsion (Primary Migration) --- Andrew S. Pepper: Estimating the petroleum expulsion behaviour of source rocks: a novel quantitative approach / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:9-31, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.02 --- D. Leythaeuser and H. S. Poelchau: Expulsion of petroleum from type III kerogen source rocks in gaseous solution: modelling of solubility fractionation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:33-46, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.03 --- S. J. Düppenbecker, L. Dohmen, and D. H. Welte: Numerical modelling of petroleum expulsion in two areas of the Lower Saxony Basin, Northern Germany / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:47-64, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.04 --- B. S. Mudford, F. M. Gradstein, T. J. Katsube, and M. E. Best: Modelling 1D compaction-driven flow in sedimentary basins: a comparison of the Scotian Shelf, North Sea and Gulf Coast / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:65-85, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.05 --- Part II: Secondary Migration --- J. Burrus, A. Kuhfuss, B. Doligez, and P. Ungerer: Are numerical models useful in reconstructing the migration of hydrocarbons? A discussion based on the Northern Viking Graben / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:89-109, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.06 --- Øyvind Sylta: Modelling of secondary migration and entrapment of a multicomponent hydrocarbon mixture using equation of state and ray-tracing modelling techniques / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:111-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.07 --- D. S. Chapman, S. D. Willett, and C. Clauser: Using thermal fields to estimate basin-scale permeabilities / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:123-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.08 --- Richard W. Davis: Integration of geological data into hydrodynamic analysis of hydrocarbon movement / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:127-135, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.09 --- Stephen Larter and Nigel Mills: Phase-controlled molecular fractionations in migrating petroleum charges / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:137-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.10 --- B. M. Krooss, L. Brothers, and M. H. Engel: Geochromatography in petroleum migration: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:149-163, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.11 --- Part III: Case Studies --- P. C. Barnard and M. A. Bastow: Hydrocarbon generation, migration, alteration, entrapment and mixing in the Central and Northern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:167-190, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.12 --- K. F. M. Thompson: Contrasting characteristics attributed to migration observed in petroleums reservoired in clastic and carbonate sequences in the Gulf of Mexico region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:191-205, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.13 --- N. Piggott and M. D. Lines: A case study of migration from the West Canada Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:207-225, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.14 --- Robert W. H. Butler: Hydrocarbon maturation, migration and tectonic loading in the Western Alpine foreland thrust belt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:227-244, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.15 --- Gerald Roberts: Structural controls on fluid migration through the Rencurel thrust zone, Vercors, French Sub-Alpine Chains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:245-262, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.16 --- Part IV: Trap Leakage and Subsequent Migration --- R. H. Clarke and R. W. Cleverly: Petroleum seepage and post-accumulation migration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:265-271, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.17 --- E. Vik, O. R. Heum, and K. G. Amaliksen: Leakage from deep reservoirs: possible mechanisms and relationship to shallow gas in the Haltenbanken area, mid-Norwegian Shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.18

Description / Table of Contents: R. F. P. Hardman and J. E. Booth: The significance of normal faults in the exploration and production of North Sea hydrocarbons / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:1-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.01 --- Seismic and Subsurface Studies --- David Barr: Subsidence and sedimentation in semi-starved half-graben: a model based on North Sea data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:17-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.02 --- Joseph Cartwright: The kinematic evolution of the Coffee Soil Fault / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:29-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.03 --- N. J. Kusznir, G. Marsden, and S. S. Egan: A flexural-cantilever simple-shear/pure-shear model of continental lithosphere extension: applications to the Jeanne d’Arc Basin, Grand Banks and Viking Graben, North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:41-60, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.04 --- Alan M. Roberts and Graham Yielding: Deformation around basin-margin faults in the North Sea/mid-Norway rift / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:61-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.05 --- G. Yielding, M. E. Badley, and B. Freeman: Seismic reflections from normal faults in the northern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:79-89, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.06 --- Field-Based Studies --- M. P. Coward, R. Gillcrist, and B. Trudgill: Extensional structures and their tectonic inversion in the Western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:93-112, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.07 --- Andreas G. Koestler and Werner U. Ehrmann: Description of brittle extensional features in chalk on the crest of a salt ridge (NW Germany) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:113-123, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.08 --- Steven Roberts and James Jackson: Active normal faulting in central Greece: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:125-142, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.09 --- Rob Westaway: Continental extension on sets of parallel faults: observational evidence and theoretical models / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:143-169, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.10 --- Fault-Displacement Studies --- A. Beach and P. Trayner: The geometry of normal faults in a sector of the offshore Nile Delta, Egypt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:173-182, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.11 --- T. J. Chapman and A. W. Meneilly: The displacement patterns associated with a reverse-reactivated, normal growth fault / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:183-191, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.12 --- John J. Walsh and Juan Watterson: Geometric and kinematic coherence and scale effects in normal fault systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:193-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.13 --- Analogue-Modelling and Section-Balancing --- G. Dresen, U. Gwildis, and Th. Kluegel: Numerical and analogue modelling of normal fault geometry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:207-217, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.14 --- Robert W. Krantz: Normal fault geometry and fault reactivation in tectonic inversion experiments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:219-229, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.15 --- K. R. McClay, D. A. Waltham, A. D. Scott, and A. Abousetta: Physical and seismic modelling of listric normal fault geometries / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:231-239, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.16 --- Bruno Vendeville: Mechanisms generating normal fault curvature: a review illustrated by physical models / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:241-249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.17 --- Nicky White and Graham Yielding: Calculating normal fault geometries at depth: theory and examples / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 56:251-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.056.01.18

Description / Table of Contents: P. D. W. Haughton, S. P. Todd, and A. C. Morton: Sedimentary provenance studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:1-11, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.01 --- P. Allen: Provenance research: Torridonian and Wealden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:13-21, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.02 --- Gian Gaspare Zuffa: On the use of turbidite arenites in provenance studies: critical remarks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:23-29, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.03 --- Andrew C. Morton: Geochemical studies of detrital heavy minerals and their application to provenance research / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:31-45, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.04 --- Amparo Tortosa, Marta Palomares, and José Arribas: Quartz grain types in Holocene deposits from the Spanish Central System: some problems in provenance analysis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:47-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.05 --- Abhijit Basu and Emanuela Molinaroli: Reliability and application of detrital opaque Fe-Ti oxide minerals in provenance determination / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:55-65, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.06 --- Anthony J. Hurford and Andrew Carter: The role of fission track dating in discrimination of provenance / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:67-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.07 --- D. J. Batten: Reworking of plant microfossils and sedimentary provenance / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:79-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.08 --- Michael A. Velbel and Mounir K. Saad: Palaeoweathering or diagenesis as the principal modifier of sandstone framework composition? A case study from some Triassic rift-valley redbeds of eastern North America / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:91-99, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.09 --- A. E. Milodowski and J. A. Zalasiewicz: Redistribution of rare earth elements during diagenesis of turbidite/hemipelagite mudrock sequences of Llandovery age from central Wales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:101-124, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.10 --- R. Valloni, D. Lazzari, and M. A. Calzolari: Selective alteration of arkose framework in Oligo-Miocene turbidites of the Northern Apennines foreland: impact on sedimentary provenance analysis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:125-136, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.11 --- R. A. Cliff, S. E. Drewery, and M. R. Leeder: Sourcelands for the Carboniferous Pennine river system: constraints from sedimentary evidence and U-Pb geochronology using zircon and monazite / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:137-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.12 --- Jane A. Evans, Philip Stone, and James D. Floyd: Isotopic characteristics of Ordovician greywacke provenance in the Southern Uplands of Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:161-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.13 --- P. A. Floyd, R. Shail, B. E. Leveridge, and W. Franke: Geochemistry and provenance of Rhenohercynian synorogenic sandstones: implications for tectonic environment discrimination / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:173-188, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.14 --- Christopher M. Gerrard: Sedimentary petrology and the archaeologist: the study of ancient ceramics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:189-197, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.15 --- John R. Graham, John P. Wrafter, Stephen Daly, and Julian F. Menuge: A local source for the Ordovician Derryveeny Formation, western Ireland: implications for the Connemara Dalradian / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:199-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.16 --- T. McCann: Petrological and geochemical determination of provenance in the southern Welsh Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:215-230, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.17 --- Duncan Pirrie: Controls on the petrographic evolution of an active margin sedimentary sequence: the Larsen Basin, Antarctica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:231-249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.18 --- Bernard Humphreys, Andrew C. Morton, Claire R. Hallsworth, Robert W. Gatliff, and James B. Riding: An integrated approach to provenance studies: a case example from the Upper Jurassic of the Central Graben, North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:251-262, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.19 --- José Arribas and M. Eugenia Arribas: Petrographic evidence of different provenance in two alluvial fan systems (Palaeogene of the northern Tajo Basin, Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:263-271, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.20 --- I. R. Garden: Changes in the provenance of pebbly detritus in southern Britain and northern France associated with basin rifting / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:273-289, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.21 --- Gary Nichols, Kusnama, and Robert Hall: Sandstones of arc and ophiolite provenance in backarc basin, Halmahera, eastern Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:291-303, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.22 --- Peter A. Cawood: Nature and record of igneous activity in the Tonga arc, SW Pacific, deduced from the phase chemistry of derived detrital grains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:305-321, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.23 --- Martin J. Evans and Maria A. Mange-Rajetzky: The provenance of sediments in the Barrême thrust-top basin, Haute-Provence, France / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:323-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.24 --- Simon J. Cuthbert: Evolution of the Devonian Hornelen Basin, west Norway: new constraints from petrological studies of metamorphic clasts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 57:343-360, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.057.01.25

Description / Table of Contents: R. V. Tyson and T. H. Pearson: Modern and ancient continental shelf anoxia: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:1-24, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.01 --- Modern Shelf Anoxia --- Donald F. Boesch and Nancy N. Rabalais: Effects of hypoxia on continental shelf benthos: comparisons between the New York Bight and the Northern Gulf of Mexico / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:27-34, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.02 --- Nancy N. Rabalais, R. Eugene Turner, William J. Wiseman, Jr., and Donald F. Boesch: A brief summary of hypoxia on the northern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf: 1985–1988 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:35-47, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.03 --- Donald E. Harper, Jr, Larry D. McKinney, James M. Nance, and Robert R. Salzer: Recovery responses of two benthic assemblages following an acute hypoxic event on the Texas continental shelf, northwestern Gulf of Mexico / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:49-64, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.04 --- G. J. Van Der Zwaan and F. J. Jorissen: Biofacial patterns in river-induced shelf anoxia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:65-82, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.05 --- Thomas C. Malone: River flow, phytoplankton production and oxygen depletion in Chesapeake Bay / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:83-93, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.06 --- Dubravko Justić: Hypoxic conditions in the northern Adriatic Sea: historical development and ecological significance / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:95-105, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.07 --- Jadran Faganeli, Jož Pezdič, Bojan Ogorelec, Gerhard J. Herndl, and Tadej Dolenec: The role of sedimentary biogeochemistry in the formation of hypoxia in shallow coastal waters (Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:107-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.08 --- Michael Stachowitsch: Anoxia in the Northern Adriatic Sea: rapid death, slow recovery / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:119-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.09 --- Wolf E. Arntz, Juan Tarazona, Victor A. Gallardo, Luis A. Flores, and Horst Salzwedel: Benthos communities in oxygen deficient shelf and upper slope areas of the Peruvian and Chilean Pacific coast, and changes caused by El Niño / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:131-154, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.10 --- Kay-Christian Emeis, Jean K. Whelan, and Martha Tarafa: Sedimentary and geochemical expressions of oxic and anoxic conditions on the Peru Shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:155-170, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.11 --- Geoffrey W. Bailey: Organic carbon flux and development of oxygen deficiency on the modern Benguela continential shelf south of 22°S: spatial and temporal variability / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:171-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.12 --- Ancient Shelf Anoxia --- Donald C. Rhoads, Sandor G. Mulsow, Raymond Gutschick, Christopher T. Baldwin, and John F. Stolz: The dysaerobic zone revisited: a magnetic facies? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:187-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.13 --- Charles E. Savrda and David J. Bottjer: Oxygen-related biofacies in marine strata: an overview and update / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:201-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.14 --- M. Carmela Cuomo and Paul R. Bartholomew: Pelletal black shale fabrics: their origin and significance / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:221-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.15 --- Gordon C. Baird and Carlton E. Brett: Submarine erosion on the anoxic sea floor: stratinomic, palaeoenvironmental, and temporal significance of reworked pyritebone deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:233-257, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.16 --- P. H. Heckel: Thin widespread Pennsylvanian black shales of Midcontinent North America: a record of a cyclic succession of widespread pycnoclines in a fluctuating epeiric sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:259-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.17 --- Stefan Piasecki and Lars Stemmerik: Late Permian anoxia in central East Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:275-290, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.18 --- Paul B. Wignall and Anthony Hallam: Biofacies, stratigraphic distribution and depositional models of British onshore Jurassic black shales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:291-309, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.19 --- R. Littke, D. Leythaeuser, J. Rullkötter, and D. R. Baker: Keys to the depositional history of the Posidonia Shale (Toarcian) in the Hils Syncline, northern Germany / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:311-333, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.20 --- Michael Prauss, Bertrand Ligouis, and Hanspeter Luterbacher: Organic matter and palynomorphs in the ‘Posidonienschiefer’ (Toarcian, Lower Jurassic) of southern Germany / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:335-351, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.21 --- Hans-J. Brumsack: Inorganic geochemistry of the German ‘Posidonia Shale’: palaeoenvironmental consequences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:353-362, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.22 --- J. D. Hudson and David M. Martill: The Lower Oxford Clay: production and preservation of organic matter in the Callovian (Jurassic) of central England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:363-379, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.23 --- Wolfgang Oschmann: Distribution, dynamics and palaeoecology of Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic) shelf anoxia in western Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:381-395, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.24 --- Peter Doyle and Andrew G. Whitham: Palaeoenvironments of the Nordenskjöld Formation: an Antarctic Late Jurassic—Early Cretaceous black shale-tuff sequence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:397-414, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.25 --- Jean-G. Bréhéret: Glauconitization episodes in marginal settings as echoes of mid-Cretaceous anoxic events in the Vocontian basin (SE France) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:415-425, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.26 --- E. A. M. Koutsoukos, M. R. Mello, and N. C. de Azambuja Filho: Micropalaeontological and geochemical evidence of mid-Cretaceous dysoxic-anoxic palaeoenvironments in the Sergipe Basin, northeastern Brazil / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:427-447, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.27 --- István Vetö and Magdolna Hetényi: Fate of organic carbon and reduced sulphur in dysoxic-anoxic Oligocene facies of the Central Paratethys (Carpathian Mountains and Hungary) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:449-460, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.28