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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: PIK D 020-12-0007
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: PART I ANALYTICAL APPROACHES ; 1 Types of multi-level governance ; 2 Federalism and optimal allocation across levels of governance ; 3 Multi-level games ; 4 Multi-level Europe - the case for multiple concepts ; 5 Global governance as multi-level governance ; PART II MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE IN THE DOMESTICCONTEXT ; 6 Subnational participation in national decisions: the role of second chambers ; 7 Multi-level governance, decentralization and fiscal federalism ; 8 Multi-level party competition in federal and regional states ; 9 Multi-level governance and organized interests ; 10 Multi-level governance in Germany and Switzerland ; 11 Multi-level governance in Canadian and American intergovernmental relations ; PART III THE EU AS A MULTI-LEVEL SYSTEM ; 12 The institutional framework of the European Union ; 13 The European Union as a loosely coupled multi-level system ; 14 Party politics in the European Union ; 15 Multi-level governance and parliaments in the European Union ; 16 Regions and the European Union ; PART IV MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE AND COMPARATIVE REGIONALISM ; 17 Multi-level governance and comparative regionalism ; 18 Multi-modal governance in North America ; 19 Multi-level governance in post-Soviet Eurasia: problems and promises ; 20 Multi-level governance the ASEAN Way ; PARTV GLOBAL GOVERNANCE ; 21 The changing role of the United Nations: lessons for multi-level governance ; 22 Global governance through legislation ; 23 Transgovernmental networks and multi-level governance ; 24 Global governance through public-private partnerships ; 25 Civil society in multi-level governance ; PART VI POLICY AREAS ; 26 Social policy and multi-level governance ; 27 Multi-level environmental governance ; 28 Economic policy-making and multi-level governance ; 29 International taxation and multi-level governance ; 30 Standards for global markets: domestic and international institutions ; 31 International policing: embedding the state monopoly of force
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 504 S. : graph. Darst., Ill.
    ISBN: 9781847202413
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: PIK B 160-12-0030
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface ; Introduction ; 1. Background ; 2. Technical Progress ; 3. Industrial Metabolism: Mass/Energy Flows ; 4. Exergy Conversion to Useful Work ; 5. Economic Growth Theories ; 6. The Production Function Approach ; 7. Numerical Results for the US and Japan ; 8. Growth Forecasting ; 9. Economic Growth and Development: Towards a Catch-up Model (Simplified REXSF Model) ; 10. Conclusions, Implications and Caveats ; References ; Index
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXI, 411 S. : graph. Darst.
    Edition: Paperback. ed.
    ISBN: 9781849804356
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  • 3
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: PIK B 010-13-0015
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: PART I THEORIES OF URBAN FORM AND HIERARCHIES OF CITY SIZE ; 1. Walter Christaller (1972), "How I Discovered the Theory of Central Places: A Report about the Origin of Central Places" ; 2. August Lösch (1938), "The Nature of Economic Regions" ; 3. Chauncy D. Harris and Edward L. Ullman (1945), "The Nature of Cities" ; 4. Brian J.L. Berry and William L. Garrison (1958), "Recent Developments of Central Place Theory" ; 5. Martin J. Beckmann (1958), "City Hierarchies and the Distribution of City Size" ; 6. J.V. Henderson (1974), "The Sizes and Types of Cities" ; PART II CONTRIBUTION OF THE "NEW ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY" ; 7. Brian J.L. Berry (1964), "Cities as Systems within Systems of Cities" ; 8. Paul Krugman (1991), "Increasing Returns and Economic Geography" ; 9. Masahisa Fujita and Paul Krugman (1995), "When is the Economy Monocentric?: von Thünen and Chamberlin Unified" ; 10. Masahisa Fujita and Tomoya Mori (1997), "Structural Stability and Evolution of Urban Systems" ; 11. Masahisa Fujita, Paul Krugman and Tomoya Mori (1999), "On the Evolution of Hierarchical Urban Systems" ; 12. Takatoshi Tabuchi and Jacques-François Thisse (2011), "A New Economic Geography Model of Central Places" ; PART III INTRA-URBAN LOCATION ; 13. Harold Hotelling (1929), "Stability in Competition" ; 14. William Alonso (1960), "A Theory of the Urban Land Market" ; 15. Waltar Isard and Tony E. Smith (1967), "Location Games: With Applications to Classic Location Problems" ; 16. Michael A. Goldberg (1970), "Transportation, Urban Land Values, and Rents: A Synthesis" ; 17. Robert H. Nelson (1973), "Accessibility and Rent: Applying Becker"s "Time Price" Concept to the Theory of Residential Location" ; 18. Robert M. Solow (1972), "Congestion, Density and the Use of Land in Transportation" ; 19. Edwin S. Mills (1972), "Markets and Efficient Resource Allocation in Urban Areas" ; 20. Gerald S. Goldstein and Leon N. Moses (1973), "A Survey of Urban Economics" ; 21. Gilles Duranton and Diego Puga (2000), "Diversity and Specialisation in Cities: Why, Where and When Does it Matter?" ; 22. Antonio Ciccone and Robert E. Hall (1996), "Productivity and the Density of Economic Activity" ; 23. J. Vernon Henderson (2003), "Marshall"s Scale Economies" ; 24. Patricia C. Melo, Daniel J. Graham and Robert B. Noland (2009), "A Meta-analysis of Estimates of Urban Agglomeration Economies" ; 25. Anthony J. Venables (2007), "Evaluating Urban Transport Improvements: Cost-Benefit Analysis in the Presence of Agglomeration and Income Taxation" ; PART IV ACCESSIBILITY MEASUREMENT ; 26. Walter G. Hansen (1959), "How Accessibility Shapes Land Use" ; 27. A.G. Wilson (1971), "A Family of Spatial Interaction Models, and Associated Developments" ; 28. Chauncy D. Harris (1954), "The Market as a Factor in the Localization of Industry in the United States" ; 29. C. Clark, F. Wilson and J. Bradley (1969), "Industrial Location and Economic Potential in Western Europe" ; 30. J.M. Morris, P.L. Dumble and M.R. Wigan (1979), "Accessibility Indicators for Transport Planning" ; 31. R.W. Vickerman (1974), "Accessibility, Attraction, and Potential: A Review of Some Concepts and their Use in Determining Mobility" ; PART V THE DYNAMICS OF CHANGE ; 32. P.M. Allen and M. Sanglier (1979), "A Dynamic Model of Growth in a Central Place System" ; 33. Francesca Medda, Peter Nijkamp and Piet Rietveld (2003), "Urban Land Use for Transport Systems and City Shapes" ; 34. Daniel J. Graham (2007), "Variable Returns to Agglomeration and the Effect of Road Traffic Congestion"
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XX, 649 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9780857937490
    Series Statement: Classics in transport and environmental valuation 3
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  • 4
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: PIK B 160-13-0205
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXVIII, 991 S. : graph Darst.
    ISBN: 9781849809252
    Series Statement: The international library of critical writings in economics 275
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  • 5
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: PIK W 030-12-0025 ; PIK W 030-12-0114
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction ; PART I: AGRONOMIC STUDIES OF CLIMATE IMPACTS AND ADAPTATION ; 2. Climate Change, Carbon Dioxide and Global Crop Production: Food Security and Uncertainty ; 3. Effects of Climate Variability on Domestic Livestock ; 4. From the Farmer to Global Food Production: Use of Crop Models for Climate Change Impact Assessment ; 5. Investigating the Connections between Climate Change, Drought and Agricultural Production ; PART II: ECONOMIC STUDIES OF CLIMATE IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURE ; 6. Farm-level Impacts of Climate Change: Alternative Approaches for Modeling Uncertainty ; 7. Using Panel Data Models to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture ; 8. The Impact of Climate Change on US Agriculture: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Ricardian Analysis ; PART III: AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE ECONOMY ; 9. Economy-wide Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture - Case Study for Adaptation Strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa ; 10. Integrated Assessment Models - the Interplay of Climate Change, Agriculture and Land Use in a Policy Tool ; 11. The Role of Growth and Trade in Agricultural Adaptation to Environmental Change ; PART IV: AGRICULTURAL MITIGATION ; 12. Biofuels and Climate Change ; 13. The Present and Future Role for Agricultural Projects Under the Clean Development Mechanism ; PART V: ADAPTATION TO AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ; 14. Agricultural Adaptation: Needs, Findings and Effects ; 15. Hydro-economic Modeling to Assess Climate Impact and Adaptation for Agriculture in California ; 16. Reducing the Impact of Global Climate Change on Agriculture - the Use of Endogenous Irrigation and Protected Agriculture Technology ; 17. Climate Change and Technological Innovation in Agriculture: Adaptation through Science ; 18. Adaptation to Climate Change in Mixed Crop - Livestock Farming Systems in Developing Countries ; 19. Insurance as an Adaptation to Climate Variability in Agriculture ; 20. An Analysis of the Choice of Livestock Species under Global Warming in African and Latin American Farms ; 21. Climate Change, Drought and Agriculture: The Role of Effective Institutions and Infrastructure ; 22. Conclusion and Future Research
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVI, 515 S. : graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 9781849801164
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  • 6
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: PIK B 190-14-0111
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Chapter 1: Prologue ; PART 1: Setting the scene ; Chapter 2: The climate change challenge in the context of international trade ; Chapter 3: Environmental protection and the international trade system ; PART 2: The current state of play ; Chapter 4: Legal and policy responses to climate change ; Chapter 5: Analyzing the Kyoto Protocol ; Chapter 6: Top-down and bottom-up approaches to climate change and trade ; Chapter 7: Regional trade agreements and climate change ; Chapter 8: Geoengineering the climate and possible trade implications ; Chapter 9: Recommendations
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVII, 512 S. : graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 9781781956083
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  • 7
    Call number: PIK N 071-14-0110
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; Chapter 1: On the Economics of Climate Policy ; Chapter 2: Comment on "On the Economics of Climate Change Policy": Is Climate Change Mitigation the Ultimate Arbitrage Opportunity? ; Chapter 3: The Social Evaluation of Intergenerational Policies and Its Application to Integrated Assessment Models of Climate Change ; Chapter 4: Comment on "The Social Evaluation of Intgrational Policies and Its Application to Intgrated Models of Climate Change" ; Chapter 5: Analytical General Equilibrium Effects of Energy Policy on on Output and Factor Prices ; Chapter 6: Comment on "Analytical General Equilibrium Effects of Energy Policy on on Output and Factor Prices" ; Chapter 7: Climate Policy's Uncertain Outcomes for Households: The Role of Complex Allocation Schemes in Cap-and-Trade ; Chapter 8: Comment on "Climate Policy's Uncertain Outcomes for Households: The Role of Complex Allocation Schemes in Cap-and-Trade" ; Chapter 9: What are the Costs for Meeting Distributional Objectives for Climate Policy? ; Chapter 10: Comment on "What are the Costs for Meeting Distributional Objectives for Climate Policy?" ; Chapter 11: Distributional Implications of Alternative U.S. Greenhouse Gas Control Measures ; Chapter 12: Comment on "Distributional Implications of Alternative U.S. Greenhouse Gas Control Measures" ; Chapter 13: The Distributional Impact of Climate Policy ; Chapter 14: Comment on "The Distributional Impact of Climate Policy" ; Chapter 15: CIM-EARTH: Framework and Case Study ; Chapter 16: Comment on "CIM-EARTH: Framework and Case Study" ; Chapter 17: The Global Effects of Subglobal Climate Policies ; Chapter 18: Comment on "The Global Effects of Subglobal Climate Policies" ; Chapter 19: Equity, Heterogeneity and International Environment Agreements ; Chapter 20: Comment on "Equity, Heterogeneity and International Environment Agreements"
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVII, 371 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9781782540083
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  • 8
    Call number: PIK B 323-14-0112
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; Part I: Future Issues of Asia ; Chapter 1: Agriculture, structural change and socially responsible development in China and Vietnam ; Chapter 2: Population, poverty and responsible social protection issues of Asia ; Chapter 3: Resource constraints and Asia's growth: regional cooperation for enhancing energy security ; Part II: Responsible Policy Matters ; Chapter 4: Taxing for the future: an intergenerational perspective ; Chapter 5: Indian agriculture in the era of global warming ; Chapter 6: China's changing public health paradox and the new generation of health NGOs ; Chapter 7: Towards universal sanitation: the Cambodian case ; Chapter 8: Decentralization and poverty reduction in Indonesia: the case of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) ; Chapter 9: Migration of Bangladeshi workers to Malaysia: emerging lessons of economic and social costs and benefits at the migrant, migrant household and community levels ; Part III: Realizing the Asian Century: The Challenges ; Chapter 10: Sustainable resource development in Asia: challenges and opportunities ; Chapter 11: Business's challenge: relating corporate sustainability, strategy and leadership ; Chapter 12: The Asian century is the Chinese century and the century of turbulence
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 296 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9781781005743
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  • 9
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: PIK W 511-14-0115
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Chapter 1: Forests, Conservation and Climate Change in Latin America ; Chapter 2: The Winding REDD Road ; Chapter 3: Getting Ready for REDD ; Chapter 4: REDD+ Regimes in Latin America: Leaders ; Chapter 5: REDD+ Regimes in Latin America: Latecomers ; Chapter 6: Catering for Diversity: Economic and Social Complexity ; Chapter 7: Catering for Diversity: Governance and Institutions ; Chapter 8: REDD: From Safeguards to Social Development?
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XV, 213 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9781849802826
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  • 10
    Call number: PIK N 071-13-0145
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface ; Part I: Introduction 1. Environmental Policy: From Government to Governance? Part II: Context 2. Governing by Policy Instruments: Theories and Analytical Concepts 3. Changing Institutional Contexts for the Use of Policy Instruments Part III: Governing by New Instruments 4. Governing by Informational Means 5. Governing by Voluntary Means 6. Governing by Eco-taxes 7. Governing by Emissions Trading Part IV: Emerging Patterns of Governing 8. Changing Patterns of Environmental Policy Instrument Use 9. Out with the 'Old' and in with the 'New'? Governing with Policy Instruments
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 285 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9781849804660
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  • 11
    Call number: PIK B 020-13-0149
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface - Microeconomics in Times of Crisis: A 'Post-2008' Textbook, its Aims and Scope Didactics - How to Work with this Textbook 1. Introduction to the Microeconomics of Interactive Economies 2. Methods for Analyzing Interactive Economies: An Introduction to Game Theory 3. Problem Structures and Processes of Interactive Economies 4. Real-World Markets: Hierarchy, Size, Power, and Direct Interdependence 5. Ideal Neoclassical Market and General Equilibrium 6. Critique of the Neoclassical 'Perfect Market' Economy and Alternative Price Theories 7. Methods for Analyzing Complex Processes: An Introduction to Computer Simulation 8. Recent Core Models of Complexity Microeconomics 9. A Universe of Economies: Interdependence and Complexity, System Trajectories, Chaos, and Self-Organization References Index
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXVI, 240 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. , 24 cm
    ISBN: 9781781009031
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  • 12
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: PIK N 071-14-0100
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: PART I: Setting the scene ; 1: Introduction ; 2: The evolution of global climate governance ; PART II: Analytical framework ; 3: The concept of fragmentation ; 4: Types of regime interaction ; 5: Management of regime interactions ; PART III: Case studies ; 6: The UN climate regime and minilateral clean technology agreements ; 7: The UN climate regime and the Convention on Biological Diversity ; 8: The UN climate regime and the World Trade Organization ; PART IV: Synthesis and conclusions ; 9: Regime interactions in global climate governance ; 10: Conclusions and ways forward
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVII, 335 S.
    ISBN: 9781782544975
    Series Statement: New horizons in environmental and energy law
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  • 13
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: IASS 17.90839
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVII, 541 S. , graph. Darst.
    Edition: 2. ed.
    ISBN: 9781849809405 , 1849809402 , 9781781005446
    Language: English
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 14
    Call number: PIK B 310-16-90318
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XV, 200 Seiten , graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0857939327 (hbk.) , 9780857939326 (hbk.) , 9781782545842 (pbck) , 1782540865 (electronic; ebook) , 9781782540861 (electronic; ebook)
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Preface ; 1. Introduction: It is the Only One We Have ; 2. Planet Accounts ; Part I: Short-term Fluctuations and Demand Management ; 3. Earth’s Business Cycle ; 4. Why I = S and What That Means: The Building Blocks of Macroeconomic Analysis ; 5. Investment, the IS Curve, and Product Market Equilibrium ; 6. What About Government? ; 7. Money Matters! The LM Curve and Money Market Equilibrium ; 8. Eartheconomic Demand and Supply ; 9. Puzzling Disagreements ; Part II: Long Run ; 10. Long-Run Growth ; 11. Development and Change , 12. Limits to Growth? ; Part III: Earth Governance and Global Public Goods ; 13. Global Public Goods ; 14. Global Peers: An Agenda ; References ; Index
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  • 15
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: PIK B 160-16-90323
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 260 Seiten , graph. Darst.
    Edition: 2. ed.
    ISBN: 9780857932259 (hbk.) , 9780857932273 (pbk.)
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Preface to the Second Edition ; Preface to the First Edition ; Introduction ; Part I: Evolution and Concepts ; 1. Evolution and Concepts ; Appendix to Chapter 1: Definitions and Data Issues ; Part II: Pre-WWII Approaches to International Investment ; Introduction to Part II 2. Marxist Approaches ; 3. Foreign Investment Within the Neoclassical Paradigm ; Part III: Modern Theories ; Introduction to Part III 4. Hymer’s Seminal Work ; 5. The Product Life Cycle and International Production ; 6. Oligopolistic Reactions and the Geographical Pattern of FDI ; 7. Currency Areas and Internationalization ; 8. Internalization and the Transnational Corporation ; 9. Dunning’s Eclectic Framework ; 10. Stages in the Internationalization Process: The Scandinavian School ; 11. Evolutionary Theories of the TNC ; 12. New Trade Theories and the Activities of TNCs ; 13. Transnational Monopoly Capitalism ; 14. Nation-states and TNCs’ Strategic Behaviour ; 15. Resources, Networks and the TNC ; Part IV: Effects ; Introduction to Part IV 16. Boundaries in the Assessment of Effects ; 17. Innovation and the TNCs ; 18. Effects on Labour ; 19. Effects on Trade ; 20. Effects on the Balance of Payments ; Reference ; Index
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  • 16
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: IASS 16.90599
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 325 S. , graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 9781781009406 ((hbk.)) , 9781781009413 (electronic)
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: IASS 16.90010
    Description / Table of Contents: In this challenging book, John King makes a sustained and comprehensive attack on the dogma that macroeconomic theory must have 'rigorous microfoundations'. He draws on both the philosophy of science and the history of economic thought to demonstrate the dangers of foundational metaphors and the defects of micro-reduction as a methodological principle. Strong criticism of the microfoundations dogma is documented in great detail, from some mainstream and many heterodox economists and also from economic methodologists, social theorists and evolutionary biologists. The author argues for the relative autonomy of macroeconomics as a distinct 'special science', cooperating with but most definitely not reducible to microeconomics. The Microfoundations Delusion will prove a stimulating and thought-provoking read for scholars, students and researchers in the fields of economics, heterodox economics and history of economic thought
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: V, 293 S.
    ISBN: 9781782540298
    Language: English
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  • 18
    Call number: PIK B 010-16-90321
    Description / Table of Contents: "Urban Economics and Urban Policy" pulls together cutting-edge developments in urban and regional economics and draws out their implications for urban policy. This new urban economics goes beyond simple comparative advantage and cost competitiveness of cities, and beyond simple views of capital and labor. It develops a much more complex and realistic view of what constitutes local advantage, due to the spatial sorting of different types of people and different types of firms, giving rise to a lumpy landscape of people, activities, and incomes. By taking seriously the new ways we understand the forces shaping the geography of economic development, the authors suggest fresh new ways to work with the grain of markets, but without letting them rip. It is a tour de force.'--Michael Storper, London School of Economics, UK. In this bold, exciting and readable volume, Paul Cheshire, Max Nathan and Henry Overman illustrate the insights that recent economic research brings to our understanding of cities, and the lessons for urban policy-making. The authors present new evidence on the fundamental importance of cities to economic wellbeing and to the enrichment of our lives. They also argue that many policies have been trying to push water uphill and have done little to achieve their stated aims; or, worse, have had unintended and counterproductive consequences. It is remarkable that our cities have been so successful despite the many shortcomings of urban policies and governance. These shortcomings appear in both rich and poor countries. Many powerful policies intended to influence urban development and spatial differences have been developed since the late 1940s, but they have been subject to little rigorous economic evaluation. The authors help us to understand why economic growth has emerged so unevenly across space and why this pattern persists. The failure to understand the forces leading to uneven development underlies the ineffectiveness of many current urban policies. The authors conclude that future urban policies need to take better account of the forces that drive unevenness and that their success should be judged by their impact on people, not on places - or buildings. This groundbreaking book will prove to be an invaluable resource and a rewarding read for academics, practitioners and policymakers interested in the economics of urban policy, urban planning and development, as well as international studies and innovation.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 238 Seiten , Diagramme, Karten
    Edition: Paperback edition reprint
    ISBN: 9781783475254 , 9781781952511 ((hdb.)) , 9781781952528 (electronic)
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Contents: Foreword by Ed Glaeser ; 1. Introduction ; 2. Urban Economic Performance ; 3. Residential Segregation and People Sorting Within Cities ; 4. Planning for a Housing Crisis: Or the Alchemy by Which We Turn Houses into Gold ; 5. Planning and Economic Performance ; 6. Planning: Reforms that Might Work and Ones that Won’t ; 7. Devolution, City Governance and Economic Performance ; 8. Urban Policies ; 9. Conclusions ; Index
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  • 19
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: PIK B 010-16-90165
    Description / Table of Contents: "'Globalization, it seems, has propelled the worlds uber-wealthy to new heights of power and money, with tremendous repercussions for the other 99.9 percent of us. At a time when neoliberalism has propelled the world into a new Gilded Age, with rising inequality everywhere, an aggressive class war being waged by the wealthy, and billionaires inserting themselves bluntly into the political arena, understanding the behavior and spatiality of the super-rich has acquired a pressing urgency. This volume offers a richly textured suite of essays concerning how the super-rich have restructured local places, transforming landscapes as varied as London and Kentucky, Ireland and St. Barts, as well as domains as varied as art, thoroughbred horses, and housing.'--Barney Warf, University of Kansas, USA. 'The worlds super-rich, made up of just 11 million people, have access to about US$42.0 trillion of wealth. These are people who each have a spare million of 'liquid' wealth. Their wealth is roughly equal to two thirds of global GDP. They own most of everything. As the editor of this books states ". . . library shelves and the pages of journals remain largely devoid of geographical work on the super-rich a startling lacuna this volume sets out to fill". The super-rich now own most of the planet. During the last year their share fell slightly. Times may be changing. Now is the time to begin to study the superrich in detail, especially if you are worried about where all the wealth has gone.'--Danny Dorling, University of Sheffield, UK. This timely and path-breaking book brings together a group of distinguished and emerging international scholars to critically consider the geographical implications of the worlds super-rich, a privileged yet remarkably overlooked group. Emerging from this unique collection is an enlightening picture of the influence of the super-rich over a diverse range of affairs, extending from the shape of urban and rural landscapes to the future of art history. By concentrating on those at the apex of the economic pyramid, this book provides valuable insights to the institutions, practices and cultural values of our society, as well as allowing us a more comprehensive view of the consequences of global capitalism. Presenting case studies from across the globe from Singapore to St Barts, London to Lexington the spatial and cultural span of the book is wide-ranging and diverse. This truly unique book will prove a fascinating read for academics, researcher ...
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVIII, 213 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 9781782540267 (pbk.) , 9780857935687 (hbk.) , 9780857935694 (electronic)
    Language: English
    Note: 1. Establishing geographies of the super-rich : axes for analysis of abundance / Iain Hay2. Economic wealth and political power in the second Gilded Age / John Rennie Short -- 3. Overseeing the fortunes of the global super-rich : the nature of private wealth management in London's financial district / Jonathan V. Beaverstock, Sarah J.E. Hall and Thomas Wainwright -- 4. 'The world needs a second Switzerland' : onshoring Singapore as the liveable city for the super-rich / Choon-Piew Pow -- 5. 'Super-rich' Irish property developers and the Celtic Tiger economy / Laurence Murphy and Pauline McGuirk -- 6. The homes of the super-rich : multiple residences, hyper-mobility and decoupling of prime residential housing in global cities / Chris Paris -- 7. A study of the dominance of the super-wealthy in London's West End during the nineteenth century / Kathryn Wilkins -- 8. The elite countryside : shifting rural geographies of the transnational super-rich / Michael Woods -- 9. The super-rich, horses and the transformation of the rural landscape in Kentucky / Susan M. Roberts and Richard H. Schein -- 10. The sport of kings, queens, sheikhs and the super-rich : thoroughbred breeding and racing as leisure for the super-rich / Phil McManus -- 11. Making art history -- wealthy private collectors and contemporary visual art / Melanie Fasche -- 12. Islanders, immigrants and millionaires : the dynamics of upper-class segregation in St. Barts, French West Indies / Bruno Cousin and Sébastien Chauvin..
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  • 20
    Call number: PIK B 160-16-89999
    Description / Table of Contents: 'The financial means embedded in subsidies for unsustainable systems of production and consumption are increasingly well studied and reported. This has led to policy recommendations (e.g. OECD, EU) on how to reform subsidy systems in support of the necessary transitions to a low carbon and ecosystem resilient society based on a strong resource efficient economy. The authors in this book contribute to the debate based on recent, high quality and policy relevant research. It is a timely contribution to a pressing financial issue in environmental policy.'--Hans Bruyninckx , Executive Director of the European Environment Agency. 'Recently the IPCC finished their 5th Assessment report and we see that while emissions continue unabated - and in some areas even increase, relatively little is done in terms of policy making. Instead of sound policies to deal with climate issues, we are still faced with perverse incentives that promote fossil fuels. This book sets itself a very important agenda of trying to find a workable path towards abolishing such subsidies. This is vital reading for all policy makers.'--Thomas Sterner, Visiting Chief Economist, Environmental Defense Fund Professor of environmental economics, University of Gothenburg. 'EU countries increasingly receive recommendations through the European Semester and OECD Environmental Performance Reviews to assess and progressively phase out environmentally harmful subsidies. It is not only a matter of avoiding damage to the environment, it is also a question of transparency, equity, and of eliminating unjustified privileges. Subsidy reform can help reduce public deficits, restore fair market conditions and eliminate distortions in competition. This book is a precious tool for Governments and experts.'--Aldo Ravazzi Douvan, Italian Ministry of Environment, Professor of Sustainable Development at University Roma Luiss. 'Tax spending and public subsidies harmful to the environment have attracted high level attention at the Rio and Johannesburg Sustainable Development Conferences, in the context of the Kyoto Protocol and of the Convention on Biological Diversity, in OECD and EU recommendations, and are now firmly on the public agenda. They are often also poorly designed, do not reach their goals, are costly, not transparent and can be inefficient. With the present public budget crises in many countries, rarely has the timing been more favorable to lower such harmful support. The book is thus timely and shows throu ...
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 348 S. , graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9781782545309
    Language: English
    Note: 1. Introduction : high hopes and down-to-earth realism / Frans Oosterhuis and Patrick ten Brink2. A global survey of potentially environmentally harmful subsidies / Ronald Steenblik -- 3. Hidden subsidies : the invisible part of the EHS iceberg / Sirini Withana ... [et al.] -- 4. Can we recognise an environmentally harmful subsidy if we see one? / Jan Pieters -- 5. Quantifying the impacts of environmentally harmful subsidies / Cees van Beers and Jeroen van den Bergh -- 6. Energy subsidies / Frans Oosterhuis and Katharina Umpfenbach -- 7. Environmentally harmful subsidies in the transport sector / Laurent Franckx and Inge Mayeres -- 8. Agriculture, food and water / Frans Oosterhuis and Kris Bachus -- 9. Environmentally harmful subsidies and biodiversity / Patrick ten Brink ... [et al.] -- 10. Reforming EHS in Europe : success stories, failures and agenda setting / Jacqueline Cottrell -- 11. Phasing out environmentally harmful subsidies worldwide / Anja von Moltke -- 12. Reform of environmentally harmful subsidies : distributional issues / Annegrete Bruvoll and Haakon Vennemo -- 13. The way forward : reforming EHS in the transition to a green economy / Patrick ten Brink, Sirini Withana and Frans Oosterhuis..
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  • 21
    Call number: IASS 18.91779
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIX, 313 S.
    ISBN: 9780857935632
    Series Statement: New horizons in environmental and energy law
    Language: English
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 22
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: IASS 17.91173
    Description / Table of Contents: Curzio Giannini's history of the evolution of central banks illustrates how the most relevant institutional developments have taken place at times of widespread confidence crises and in response to deflationary pressures
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXXI, 298 S. , ill , 24 cm
    ISBN: 0857932136 (hbk. : £65.00) , 9780857932136 (hbk. : £65.00) , 0857932144 (electronic; ebook : No price) , 9780857932143 (electronic; ebook : No price)
    Uniform Title: Età delle banche centrali. 〈engl.〉
    Language: English
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  • 23
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: PIK N 075-14-0173
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 173 S.
    ISBN: 9781783477951
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  • 24
    Call number: PIK B 160-14-0180 ; PIK B 160-14-0181
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction ; PART I: FUNDAMENTALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ; 2. Comprehensive Wealth Accounting and Sustainable Development ; 3. Sustainable Development in Ecological Economics ; 4. Strong Sustainability and Critical Natural Capital ; 5. Ecosystems as Assets ; 6. Ecological and Social Resilience ; PART II EQUITY ACROSS GENERATIONS ; 7. Ethics and Sustainable Development: The Virtues of an Adaptive Approach to Environmental Choice ; 8. Equitable Intergenerational Preferences and Sustainability ; 9. Evaluating Impacts in the Distant Future: Cost-benefit Analyses, Discounting, and the Alternatives ; 10. Weak Sustainability, Conservation, and Precaution ; PART III EQUITY WITHIN GENERATIONS ; 11. Distribution, Sustainability and Environmental Policy ; 12. Environmental Justice and Sustainability ; 13. Vulnerability, Poverty and Sustaining Well-being ; 14. Human Wellbeing and Sustainability: Interdependent and Intertwined ; PART IV: GROWTH, CONSUMPTION AND NATURAL WEALTH ; 15. Green Growth ; 16. Economic Growth and the Environment ; 17. The Resource Curse and Sustainable Development ; 18. Sustainable Consumption ; 19. Population and Sustainability ; 20. Technological Lock-in and the Role of Innovation ; PART V: PROGRESS IN MEASURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ; 21. Environmental Accounting ; 22. Genuine Saving as an Indicator of Sustainability ; 23. Measuring Sustainable Economic Welfare ; 24. Ecological Footprint Accounts ; PART VI: THE INTERNATIONAL SETTING ; 25. International Trade and Sustainable Development ; 26. International Environmental Cooperation ; 27. The International Politics of Sustainable Development ; 28. Financing for Sustainable Development ; PART VII: DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABILITY ; 29. Climate Change Adaptation: A Risk-management Approach ; 30. Linking Climate Change Mitigation Research to Sustainable Development ; 31. Sustainable Development of Water Resources ; 32. Sustainable Agriculture ; 33. Sustainable Energy Policy ; 34. Sustainable Cities and Local Sustainability ; 35. Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability, and the Governance of Business
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXIX, 590 S. : graph. Darst.
    Edition: 2. ed.
    ISBN: 9781782544692
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  • 25
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: PIK B 190-15-0072
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; Chapter One: An Economic Approach to Federalism ; Chapter Two: The Division of Functions Among Levels of Government ; Chapter Three: The Theory and Use of Intergovernmental Grants ; Chapter Four: Taxation and Debt Finance in a Federal System ; Chapter Five: An Empirical Study of Federal Finance ; Chapter Six: The Dynamics of Federalism ; Data Appendix
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XX, 256 S. : graph. Darst.
    Edition: Paperback ed., repr.
    ISBN: 9780857939944
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  • 26
    Call number: PIK B 160-15-0099
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; Chapter 1: Some problems with the aggregate production function ; Chapter 2: The aggregate production function: behavioural relationship or accounting identity? ; Chapter 3: Simulation studies, the aggregate production function and the accounting identity ; Chapter 4: 'Are there laws of production?' The work of Cobb and Douglas and its early reception ; Chapter 5: Solow's 'Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function', and the accounting identity ; Chapter 6: What does total factor productivity actually measure? Further observations on the Solow model ; Chapter 7: Why are some countries richer than others? A sceptical view of Mankiw-Romer-Weil's test of the neoclassical growth model ; Chapter 8: Some problems with the neoclassical dual-sector growth model ; Chapter 9: Is capital special? The role of the growth of capital and its externality effect in economic growth ; Chapter 10: Problems posed by the accounting identity for the estimation of the degree of market power and the mark-up ; Chapter 11: Are estimates of labour demand functions mere statistical artefacts? ; Chapter 12: Why have criticisms of the aggregate production function generally been ignored? On further misunderstandings and misinterpretations of the implications of the accounting identity
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VII, 388 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9781840642551
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  • 27
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: PIK B 160-14-0194
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. The Science of Climate Change ; 2. Emissions Scenarios and Options for Emission Reduction ; 3. Abatement Costs ; 4. Policy Instruments for Emission Reduction ; 5. Impacts and Valuation ; 6. Impacts of Climate Change ; 7. Climate and Development ; 8. Optimal Climate Policy ; 9. Discounting, Equity, Uncertainty ; 10. Irreversibility and Learning ; 11. International Environmental Agreements ; 12. Adaptation Policy ; 13. Building an Integrated Assessment Model ; 14. How to Solve The Climate Problem?
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 198 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 9781782545927
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  • 28
    Call number: PIK B 160-14-0117
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; PART I: Understanding the economics of climate change, policy implementation and public perceptions ; Chapter 1: The carbon tax: early experience and future prospects ; Chapter 2: Carbon pricing in Australia: an early view from the inside ; Chapter 3: How has the carbon tax affected the public 'debate' on climate change? ; Chapter 4: The carbon tax and tax reform debate ; Chapter 5: How I learned to stop worrying and love the RET ; PART III: Threats, opportunities and industry adaptation and adjustment ; Chapter 6: The impact of carbon prices on Australia's National Electricity Market ; Chapter 7: Modeling the impact of the Australian greenhouse emissions trading scheme on farm and fishery businesses ; Chapter 8: Science, transaction costs and carbon markets ; Chapter 9: Agricultural adaptation: observations and insights ; PART IV: Dealing with the uncertain future , Chapter 10: Climate change and the precautionary principle , Conclusion
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXII, 183 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9781782547730
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  • 29
    Call number: PIK N 079-14-0116
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; Chapter 1: Low carbon futures for all? Strategic options for global availability of environmental technologies ; Chapter 2: The puzzling persistence of the intellectual property right/climate change relationship ; Chapter 3: Failure is not an option: enhancing the use of intellectual property tools to secure wider and more equitable access to climate change technologies ; Chapter 4: Partnership and sharing: beyond mainstream mechanisms ; Chapter 5: Public-private partnerships for wider and equitable access to climate technologies ; Chapter 6: Climate change, technology transfer and intellectual property rights: a modest exercise in thinking outside the box ; Chapter 7: Access to essential environmental technologies and poor communities: why human rights should be prioritized ; Chapter 8: Achieving greater access: a new role for established legal principles? ; Chapter 9: The 'new normal': food, climate change and intellectual property ; Chapter 10: Intellectual property: property rights and the public interest ; Chapter 11: A view from inside the renewable energy industry ; Chapter 12: A private institutional investment perspective
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVIII, 294 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9780857934178
    Series Statement: Elgar law, technology and society
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  • 30
    Call number: PIK N 531-14-0114
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; PART 1: National and local experiences ; Chapter 1: Bureaucratic rhetoric of climate change in Nigeria: International aspiration versus local realities ; Chapter 2: Combating climate change and biodiversity loss in a 'hot spot' mega-diversity country ; Chapter 3: Does the concept of ecosystem services promote synergies between European strategies for climate change and biodiversity? ; Chapter 4: Impacts of climate change, biodiversity loss and population on sustainable development in Ethiopia ; Chapter 5: Climate change, human rights and the Darfur crisis ; PART 2: International and transboundary approaches ; Chapter 6: The clustering of multilateral environmental agreements: Can the clustering of the chemicals-related conventions be applied to the biodiversity and climate change conventions? ; Chapter 7: Retreading negotiations on equity in environmental governance: Case studies contrasting the evolution of ABS and REDD+ ; Chapter 8: Climate change, biodiversity and human rights: Can synergy help? ; Chapter 9: Reducing emissions in the forest sector under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: A new opportunity for biodiversity conservation? ; Chapter 10: Transboundary conservation of mountain biodiversity in a climate change impacted world: Governance perspectives from Central Asia and the Island of Borneo ; PART 3: Land use and agriculture ; Chapter 11: Climate change, the EU Floods Directive and biodiversity protection: Lessons from the Scheldt on land use planning as an adaptive measure ; Chapter 12: Climate change and biodiversity: The vulnerability of the Amazon rainforest in the face of increasing ethanol demand ; Chapter 13: The contribution of the EU Common Agricultural Policy to protecting biodiversity and global climate in Europe ; PART 4: Solutions from science and technology ; Chapter 14: Creating marine protected area networks in Pacific North America for biodiversity conservation: Linking ecology to legislation ; Chapter 15: Preventing and mitigating the impacts of climate change and biodiversity loss through biosecurity
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXIII, 462 S. : graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 9781782546887
    Series Statement: The ICUN Academy of Environmental Law series
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  • 31
    Call number: PIK N 071-14-0121
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction to the Clean Development Mechanism ; Chapter 2: Conceptual framework ; Chapter 3: Will preferential access measures overcome barriers to CDM projects in Least Developed Countries? ; Chapter 4: Discounting emission credits and competitiveness of different CDM host countries ; Chapter 5: Does the CDM discourage emission reduction targets in advanced developing countries? An analysis of the 'low-hanging fruit' issue ; Chapter 6: Do domestic renewable energy promotion policies lead to more CDM projects? ; Chapter 7: Concluding remarks
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 200 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9781782545675
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  • 32
    Call number: PIK N 071-14-0120
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction: governing climate relations between Europe and Asia in a restructuring world order ; PART I: The European Union, China and the global governance of climate change ; Chapter 2: The increasingly complex nature of EU-China climate relations ; Chapter 3: China, the European Union and global environmental governance: the case of climate change ; Chapter 4: Explaining the development of China's renewable energy policies: comparing wind and solar power ; Chapter 5: Cap or tax? Exploring the potential for a carbon tax or emissions trading in China ; Chapter 6: The governance of the CDM in China: achievements and deficiencies ; PART II: EU-Vietnam climate relations: a study of the Clean Development Mechanism ; Chapter 7: The role and dynamics of the Clean Development Mechanism in EU-Vietnam climate relations ; Chapter 8: The Vietnamese regulatory framework for the Clean Development Mechanism ; Chapter 9: Public-private partnerships in CDM implementation in Vietnam ; Chapter 10: Opportunities and challenges for Vietnamese enterprises involved in the CDM ; Chapter 11: Case-study of Vietnamese hydropower CDM projects: shortcomings and barriers ; Chapter 12: The governance of climate relations between Europe and Asia in the 'pivotal decade' (2010-2020): evidence from China and Vietnam
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XX, 318 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9781781955987
    Series Statement: Leuven global governance
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  • 33
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: PIK N 076-14-0126
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Chapter 1: Adaptation to climate change in Asia ; Chapter 2: Vulnerable and lagging behind: the case of Hong Kong ; Chapter 3: The evolution of environmental policies in South Korea in response to climate change ; Chapter 4: Climate-proofing a concrete island: improving state and societal climate adaptation capacities in Singapore ; Chapter 5: Assessing climate change impacts and adaptation strategies in China ; Chapter 6: Adaptation to climate change in Bangladesh: migration, the missing link ; Chapter 7: Adaptation strategy to address climate change impacts in the mountains: the case of Nepal ; Chapter 8: Climate change adaptation in agriculture in Cambodia ; Chapter 9: Adapting Indian agriculture to climate change
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 213 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9781781954720
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  • 34
    Call number: PIK C 130-14-0227
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; PART I: PRINCIPLES ; 1. The Law of Treaties; or, Should this Book Exist? ; 2. The Law of Treaties through the Interplay of its Different Sources ; 3. Regulating Treaties: A Comparative Perspective ; 4. Theorizing Treaties: The Consequences of the Contractual Analogy ; 5. The Effects of Treaties in Domestic Law ; PART II: DIMENSIONS ; 6. The Temporal Dimension: Non-retroactivity and Its Discontents ; 7. The Spatial Dimension: Treaties and Territory ; 8. The Personal Dimension: Challenges to the pacta tertiis Rule ; PART III: TENSIONS ; 9. Formalism versus Flexibility in the Law of Treaties ; 10. Integrity versus Flexibility in the Application of Treaties ; 11. Pacta sunt servanda versus Flexibility in the Suspension and Termination of Treaties ; 12. Uniformity versus Specialisation (1): The Quest for a Uniform Law of Inter-State Treaties ; 13. Uniformity versus Specialisation (2): A Uniform Regime of Treaty Interpretation? PART IV: INTERACTIONS AND RUPTURES ; 14. Regime-collisions: Tensions Between Treaties (and How to Solve Them) ; 15. Responding to Deliberately-created Treaty Conflicts ; 16. Treaty Breaches and Responses ; 17. Succession to Treaties and the Inherent Limits of International Law ; 18. Treaties and Armed Conflict ; PART V: EXPANSIONS ; 19. Treaties and International Organisations: Uneasy Analogies ; 20. Treaty Law and Multinational Enterprises: More than Internationalized Contracts? ; 21. Treaties and Individuals: Of Beneficiaries, Duty-bearers, Users, and Participants
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XV, 661 S.
    ISBN: 9780857934772
    Series Statement: Research handbooks in international law
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  • 35
    Call number: PIK N 072-15-0025
    Description / Table of Contents: This state-of-the-art Dictionary defines terms employed in international agreements, national legislation and scholarly legal studies related to comparative and international environmental law and the emerging law of climate change. Each term also includes its pinyin translation in order to facilitate accessing the Mandarin variants of each term. Jointly prepared by scholars in China and the US, the Dictionary will be an essential reference for those interpreting and applying international environmental law, multilateral environmental agreements, and domestic laws that implement these treaties.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 293 S.
    ISBN: 9781782540359
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  • 36
    Call number: PIK N 071-14-0113
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Chapter 1: Responding to Climate Change: Introduction and Overview ; Chapter 2: Sustaining Growth and Mitigating Climate Change: Are the Costs of Mitigation Underestimated? ; Chapter 3: Tradable Carbon Allowances: The Experience of the European Union and Lessons Learned ; Chapter 4: Energy and Climate Change Policy: Perspectives from the International Energy Agency ; Chapter 5: The Political Economy of Climate Change ; Chapter 6: Climate Change Meets Trade in Promoting Green Growth: Potential Conflicts and Synergies ; Chapter 7: Terms of Trade in Korea: Causes of Decline Since the Mid-1990s and Implications for Green Growth ; Chapter 8: Low Carbon Green Growth and Energy Policy in Korea ; Chapter 9: Issues in Establishing a Carbon Market in Korea
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 229 S. : graph. Darst. , 24 cm
    ISBN: 9780857939951
    Series Statement: KDI/EWC series on economic policy
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  • 37
    Call number: PIK D 024-14-0206
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVI, 507 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9781783471867
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  • 38
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: PIK N 076-14-0102
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part I. Environmental change and migration ; Part II. Definitions and concepts ; Part III. Displacement and resettlement ; Part IV. Migration as adaptation ; Part V. Vulnerability and resilience ; Part VI. Economic and social implications ; Part VII. Links with disaster response ; Part VIII. Climate change, migration and conflict ; Part IX. Methodologies ; Part X. Hot spot areas of climate change impact and migration ; Part XI. Policy responses.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XLII, 931 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 9781849808514
    Series Statement: The international library of studies on migration 15
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  • 39
    Call number: PIK N 071-14-0142
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; 1. A Climate-Constrained World ; 2. Shifting the Boundary: The Role of Innovation ; 3. Getting to Yes ; 4. Coping with Uncertainty ; 5. Climate Policy and the Forestry Sector: The Role of Non-energy Emissions ; 6. Adaptation and Mitigation: What is the Optimal Balance? ; 7. A Focus on the Latest Developments in the Modelling of Mitigation Options ; 8. Conclusions ; 9. Complete List of Publications that Use WITCH
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 199 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9781849809498
    Series Statement: The Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) series on economics, the environment and sustainable development
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  • 40
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: IASS 14.0012
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVII, 284 S. , graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9781849808286
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  • 41
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: PIK N 071-14-0101
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; PART I: FOSSIL FUEL MARKETS ; 1: Oil prices, exhaustible resources and economic growth ; 2: Gas markets: past, present and future ; 3: The likelihood and potential implications of a natural gas cartel ; 4: Global steam coal markets until 2030: perspectives on production, trade and consumption under increasing carbon constraints ; PART II: ELECTRICITY MARKETS ; 5: The future of the (US) electric grid ; 6: Increasing the penetration of intermittent renewable energy: innovation in energy storage and grid management ; 7: Electric vehicles: will consumers purchase them? ; PART III: ENERGY POLICY ; 8: The contribution of energy efficiency towards meeting CO2 targets ; 9: Economic analysis of feed-in tariffs for generating electricity from renewable energy sources ; 10: A renewable energy future? ; 11: Energy policy: a full circle? ; PART IV: CLIMATE AGREEMENTS ; 12: Anthropogenic influences on atmospheric CO2 ; 13: International cooperation on climate change: why is there so little progress? ; 14: Long live the Kyoto Protocol! ; 15: Designing a Bretton Woods institution to address global climate change ; PART V: CARBON MITIGATION POLICIES ; 16: Fiscal instruments for climate finance ; 17: How high should climate change taxes be? ; 18: State-contingent pricing as a response to uncertainty in climate policy ; 19: Climate change, buildings and energy prices ; 20: Using micro data to examine causal effects of climate policy ; 21: Carbon trading: past, present and future ; 22: Moral positions on tradable permit markets ; 23: The European CO2 allowances market: issues in the transition to Phase III ; PART VI: LOW-CARBON BEHAVIOUR AND GOVERNANCE ; 24: The role of behavioural economics in energy and climate policy ; 25: Valuing nature for climate change policy: from discounting the future to truly social deliberation ; 26: Individual consumers and climate change: searching for a new moral compass ; 27: Decentralization of governance in the low-carbon transition ; 28: Is a global crisis required to prevent climate change? A historical-institutional perspective ; PART VII: LOW-CARBON GROWTH ; 29: Prosperity with growth: economic growth, climate change and environmental limits ; 30: Should we sustain? And if so, sustain what? Consumption or the quality of life? ; 31: At the crossroads: can China grow in a low-carbon way? ; Chapter 32: Low-carbon economy: dark age or golden age?
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 738 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9780857933683
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  • 42
    Call number: PIK N 071-15-89232
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 277 S , Ill. , 24 cm
    ISBN: 0857939246 (hbk.) , 9780857939241 (hbk.) , 9781783472840 (pbk.)
    Language: English
    Note: PART I: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE ; 1. Introduction ; 2. Too Many Levels or Just About Right? Multilevel Governance and Environmental Performance ; PART II: MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE OF WATER RESOURCES ; 3. Subsidiarity as a ‘Scaling Device’ in Environmental Governance: The Case of the European Union ; 4. Multilevel Governance and the Politics of Environmental Water Recoveries ; 5. Playing a Zero Sum Game: Sharing Water between Jurisdictions in Federations ; PART III: MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ; 6. Climate Governance in the European Union Multi-level System: The Role of the Cities ; 7. Bottom-up versus Top-down: The Evolving American Climate Policy Odyssey ; 8. Institutional Strength, Intergovernmental Relations, and National Climate Policy Coordination: Australia and Canada Compared ; 9. Allocating Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions Amongst Sectors and Jurisdictions in Federated Systems: The European Union, Germany and Canada ; PART IV: FINDINGS ON EFFECTIVENESS AND GOVERNANCE PATTERNS ; 10. Ensuring the Effectiveness of European Union Environmental Law: From Supranational Lawmaking to Multilevel Enforcement ; 11. What is Multilevel Environmental Governance? When Does It Work?
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  • 43
    Unknown
    Paris : IEA Publications
    Description / Table of Contents: On the occasion of its 35th Anniversary in 2009, the International Energy Agency published the first edition of the IEA Scoreboard focusing on 35 Key Energy Trends over 35 Years. In parallel, the IEA published Implementing Energy Efficiency Policies: Are IEA Member Countries on Track? Both publications found that although IEA member countries were making progress in implementing energy efficiency, more work is needed. In the 2011 edition of the Scoreboard, the IEA has decided to focus on energy efficiency. The publication combines analysis of energy efficiency policy implementation and recent indicator development. The resulting IEA Scoreboard 2011 provides a fuller picture of the progress as well as the challenges with implementing energy efficiency policy in IEA member countries.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (78 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 44
    Description / Table of Contents: • The transition to a low carbon economy clearly requires accelerating energy innovation and technology adoption. Governments have an important role in this context. They can help by establishing the enabling environment in which innovation can thrive, and within which effective and efficient policies can be identified, with the specific goal of advancing research, development, demonstration and, ultimately, deployment (RDD&D) of clean energy technologies. • At the front end of the innovation process, significant increases in, and restructuring of, global RD&D efforts will be required, combined with well-targeted government RD&D policies. The development of a clear policy framework for energy technology RD&D, based on good practices, should include six elements: • Coherent energy RD&D strategy and priorities • Adequate government RD&D funding and policy support • Co-ordinated energy RD&D governance • Strong collaborative approach, engaging industry through public private partnerships (PPPs) • Effective RD&D monitoring and evaluation • Strategic international collaboration • While countries have been favouring certain technologies over others, based on decisions on which areas are to receive funding, clear priorities are not always determined through structured analysis and documented processes. A review of stated energy RD&D priorities, based on announced technology programmes and strategies, and recent spending trends reveals some important deviations from stated priorities and actual RD&D funding.
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    Language: English
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  • 45
    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA estimates that, if implemented globally without delay, the 25 IEA Energy Efficiency recommendations could save 8.2 Gt CO2 per year by 2030. Yet many governments struggle with their implementation and thus miss a great part of the energy efficiency potential. The new IEA series Policy Pathways: Showing the way to energy efficiency implementation now aims to assist countries with improving energy efficiency policies. It features practical ‘how-to’ guides for designing, implementing and evaluating energy efficiency policies and achieving greater improvement.
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  • 46
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    Paris : IEA Publications
    Description / Table of Contents: The five Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden have announced ambitious goals towards decarbonising their energy systems by 2050. Based on the scenarios and analysis of Energy Technology Perspectives 2012, the International Energy Agency (IEA) and leading Nordic research institutions jointly assess how the Nordic region can achieve a carbon-neutral energy system by 2050. To achieve ambitious 2050 goal, Nordic Energy Technology Perspectives, the first regional edition of the series, details how countries can decarbonise power sector and electrify transport. The report lists best ways to reduce emissions and offers important lessons for other countries by expanding on the Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 global scenarios for energy policies that would limit average global temperature increase to 2°C. Without doubt, the Nordic countries are front-runners in taking decisive action toward clear, long-term energy targets. In examining their approach, the Nordic Energy Technology Perspectives aims to provide objective analysis that will increase the Nordic region’s chances of success. A secondary – but ultimately more important – aim is to prompt other countries and regions to follow their lead.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (211 Seiten)
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  • 47
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    Paris : IEA Publications
    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA produced its first handy, pocket-sized summary of key energy data in 1997 and every year since then it has been more and more successful. Key World Energy Statistics contains timely, clearly-presented data on supply, transformation and consumption of all major energy sources. The interested businessman, journalist or student will have at his or her fingertips the annual Australian production of coal, the electricity consumption in Japan, the price of diesel oil in Spain and thousands of other useful energy facts.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 Seiten)
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  • 48
    Description / Table of Contents: The ten members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) – along with China and India – are shifting the centre of gravity of the global energy system towards Asia. Energy demand in Southeast Asia has expanded by two-and- a-half times since 1990, its rate of growth among the fastest in the world. Economic and demographic trends point to further growth, lifting the region’s energy use per capita from just half of the global average today. But how will Southeast Asia’s fuel mix evolve? And what will the region’s supply and demand balance mean for oil, gas and coal trade? The International Energy Agency, in co-operation with the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, has studied these issues in consultation with ASEAN member governments and leading commentators, industry representatives and international experts. This special report, in the World Energy Outlook series, presents the findings.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 Seiten)
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  • 49
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    Paris : IEA Publications
    Description / Table of Contents: This book explores how efficiency is measured and reported at coal-fired power plants. Armed with this information, policy makers would be in a better position to monitor and, if necessary, regulate how coal is used for power generation. The tools and techniques described will be of value to anyone with an interest in the more sustainable use of coal. Coal is the biggest single source of energy for electricity production and its share is growing. The efficiency of converting coal into electricity matters: more efficient power plants use less fuel and emit less climate-damaging carbon dioxide. This book explores how efficiency is measured and reported at coal-fired power plants. With many different methods used to express efficiency performance, it is often difficult to compare plants, even before accounting for any fixed constraints such as coal quality and cooling-water temperature. Practical guidelines are presented that allow the efficiency and emissions of any plant to be reported on a common basis and compared against best practice. A global database of plant performance is proposed that would allow under-performing plants to be identified for improvement. Armed with this information, policy makers would be in a better position to monitor and, if necessary, regulate how coal is used for power generation. The tools and techniques described will be of value to anyone with an interest in the more sustainable use of coal.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114 Seiten)
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  • 50
    Description / Table of Contents: Coal is the largest source of power globally and, given its wide availability and relatively low cost, it is likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. The High-Efficiency, Low-Emissions Coal-Fired Power Generation Roadmap describes the steps necessary to adopt and further develop technologies to improve the efficiency of the global fleet of coal. To generate the same amount of electricity, a more efficient coal-fired unit will burn less fuel, emit less carbon, release less local air pollutants, consume less water and have a smaller footprint. High-efficiency, low emissions (HELE) technologies in operation already reach a thermal efficiency of 45%, and technologies in development promise even higher values. This compares with a global average efficiency for today’s fleet of coal-fired plants of 33%, where three-quarters of operating units use less efficient technologies and more than half is over 25 years old. A successful outcome to ongoing RD&D could see units with efficiencies approaching 50% or even higher demonstrated within the next decade. Generation from older, less efficient technology must gradually be phased out. Technologies exist to make coal-fired power generation much more effective and cleaner burning. Of course, while increased efficiency has a major role to play in reducing emissions, particularly over the next 10 years, carbon capture and storage (CCS) will be essential in the longer term to make the deep cuts in carbon emissions required for a low-carbon future. Combined with CCS, HELE technologies can cut CO2 emissions from coal-fired power generation plants by as much as 90%, to less than 100 grams per kilowatt-hour. HELE technologies will be an influential factor in the deployment of CCS. For the same power output, a higher efficiency coal plant will require less CO2 to be captured; this means a smaller, less costly capture plant; lower operating costs; and less CO2 to be transported and stored.
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  • 51
    Description / Table of Contents: Whether in OECD, emerging or developing country economies, governments are increasingly looking to diversify their energy mix beyond simply fossil fuels. While wind energy is developing towards a mainstream, competitive and reliable technology, a range of barriers can delay progress, such as financing, grid integration, social acceptance and aspects of planning processes.National and regional technology roadmaps can play a key role in supporting wind energy development and implementation, helping countries to identify priorities and pathways tailored to local resources and markets. Recognising this, the IEA has started the How2Guides – a new series co-ordinated by the International Low-Carbon Energy Technology Platform to address the need for more focused guidance in the development of national roadmaps, or strategies, for specific low-carbon technologies. This builds on the success of the IEA global technology roadmap series and responds to a growing number of requests for IEA guidance to adapt the findings of the IEA global technology roadmaps to national circumstances.A successful roadmap contains a clear statement of the desired outcome, followed by a specific pathway for reaching it. The How2Guide for Wind Energy builds on the IEA well established methodology for roadmap development and shares wind specific recommendations on how to address the four phases to developing and implementing a wind energy roadmap: Planning; Visioning; Development; and Implementation. The manual also offers menus of recommendations on policy and technical options for deployment of utility-scale wind energy installations. A matrix of barriers-versus-realistic solutions options is cross-listed with considerations such as planning, development, electricity market and system, infrastructure, and finance and economics. Drawing on several case studies from around the globe, as well as on the IEA Technology Roadmap for Wind Energy, the How2Guide for Wind Energy it is intended as a practical tool for policy and decision makers interested in developing – or updating – a wind power roadmap.
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  • 52
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    Paris : IEA Publications
    Description / Table of Contents: Transport is the sector with the highest final energy consumption and, without any significant policy changes, is forecast to remain so. In 2008, the IEA published 25 energy efficiency recommendations, among which four are for the transport sector. The recommendations focus on road transport and include policies on improving tyre energy efficiency, fuel economy standards for both light-duty vehicles and heavy-duty vehicles, and eco-driving. Implementation of the recommendations has been weaker in the transport sector than others. This paper updates the progress that has been made in implementing the transport energy efficiency recommendations in IEA countries since March 2009. Many countries have in the last year moved from "planning to implement" to "implementation underway", but none have fully implemented all transport energy efficiency recommendations. The IEA calls therefore for full and immediate implementation of the recommendations.”
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  • 53
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    Paris : IEA Publications
    Description / Table of Contents: The production of transport fuels from biomass, in either liquid or gaseous form, holds the promise of a low net fossil-energy requirement and low life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, there are many hurdles to the expansion of biofuels production, including competition for agricultural commodities and land, and impacts on water resources and biodiversity. The successful development of advanced biofuels technologies, using non-food biomass feedstocks, could help overcome most barriers and achieve sustainable, very low CO2, cost-effective biofuels. The IEA “Biofuels for Transport” roadmap describes the steps necessary to achieve the ambitious biofuel projections presented in the Energy Technology Perspectives 2010 Blue Map scenario. Under this scenario, biofuel demand increases rapidly, reaching approximately 760 Mtoe (32 EJ) in 2050, a share of 27% of total transport fuel. This roadmap identifies major barriers, opportunities, and policy measures for policy makers, industry and financial partners to accelerate RDD&D efforts for sustainable biofuel technologies and ensure sustainable feedstock provision on both a national and international scale.
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  • 54
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    Paris : IEA Publications
    Description / Table of Contents: Electric vehicles (EVs) hold the potential of transforming the way the world moves. EVs can increase energy security by diversifying the fuel mix and decreasing dependence on petroleum, while also reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. Just as important, EVs can unlock innovation and create new advanced industries that spur job growth and enhance economic prosperity. However, the mass deployment of EVs will require transportation systems capable of integrating and fostering this new technology. To accelerate this transition, cities and metropolitan regions around the world are creating EV-friendly ecosystems and building the foundation for widespread adoption. In recognition of the importance of urban areas in the introduction and scale-up of electric vehicles, the EV City Casebook presents informative case studies on city and regional EV deployment efforts around the world. These case studies are illustrative examples of how pioneering cities are preparing the ground for mass market EV deployment. They offer both qualitative and quantitative information on cities’ EV goals, progress, policies, incentives, and lessons learned to date. The purpose of the EV City Casebook is to share experiences on EV demonstration and deployment, identify challenges and opportunities, and highlight best practices for creating thriving EV ecosystems. These studies seek to enhance understanding of the most effective policy measures to foster the uptake of electric vehicles in urban areas. The cities represented here are actively engaging in a variety of initiatives that share the goal of accelerating EV adoption. This publication is the result of an effort to coordinate those initiatives and provide a global perspective on the electric vehicle movement. This international knowledge-sharing network consists of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI), a multi-government initiative of the Clean Energy Ministerial; Project Get Ready, a Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) initiative; and the International Energy Agency’s Implementing Agreement for Cooperation on Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologies and Programmes (HEV IA); with the support of the C40 Cities in partnership with the Clinton Climate Initiative (CCI). In addition, these organizations are collaborating to launch the World EV Cities and Ecosystems web portal, for which the EV City Casebook will provide initial content. This firstof-its-kind website captures EV deployment progress in cities worldwide and will serve as a central hub for harmonizing efforts, leveraging existing resources and participants, and disseminating best EV deployment practices to global stakeholders. By working together and sharing knowledge, cities from diverse regions and countries will realize the benefits of electric mobility and achieve a sustainable energy future.
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  • 55
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper looks at three clean energy product categories: equipment energy efficiency; low-carbon transport, including high-efficiency vehicles and electric/plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EV/PHEVs); and solar photovoltaic (PV) power. Each section identifies ways to enhance global co-operation among major economies through case studies and examples, and ends with specific suggestions for greater international collaboration on market transformation efforts. An annex with more detailed case studies on energy-efficient electric motors, televisions, external power supplies and compact fluorescent lights is included in the paper.
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  • 56
    Description / Table of Contents: Electric vehicles (EVs) represent both a new demand for electricity and a possible storage medium that could supply power to utilities. The "load shifting" and “vehicle-to-grid” concepts could help cut electricity demand during peak periods and prove especially helpful in smoothing variations in power generation introduced to the grid by variable renewable resources such as wind and solar power. This paper proposes a method for simulating the potential benefits of using EVs in load shifting and "vehicle-to-grid" applications for four different regions – the United States, Western Europe, China and Japan – that are expected to have large numbers of EVs by 2050.
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  • 57
    Description / Table of Contents: The global oil market will undergo sweeping changes over the next five years. The 2013 Medium-Term Oil Market Report evaluates the impact of these changes on the global oil system by 2018 based on all that we know today – current expectations of economic growth, existing or announced policies and regulations, commercially proven technologies, field decline rates, investment programmes (upstream, midstream and downstream), etc. The five-year forecast period corresponds to the length of the typical investment cycle and as such is critical to policymakers and market participants. This Report shows, in detailed but concise terms, why the ongoing North American hydrocarbon revolution is a “game changer”. The region’s expected contribution to supply growth, however impressive, is only part of the story: Crude quality, infrastructure requirements, current regulations, and the potential for replication elsewhere are bound to spark a chain reaction that will leave few links in the global oil supply chain unaffected. While North America is expected to lead medium-term supply growth, the East-of- Suez region is in the lead on the demand side. Non-OECD oil demand, led by Asia and the Middle East, looks set to overtake the OECD for the first time as early as 2Q13 and will widen its lead afterwards. Non-OECD economies are already home to over half global refining capacity. With that share only expected to grow by 2018, the non-OECD region will be firmly entrenched as the world’s largest crude importer. These and other changes are carefully laid out in this Report, which also examines recent and future changes in global oil storage, shifts in OPEC production capacity and crude and product trade, and the consequences of the ongoing refinery construction boom in emerging markets and developing economies. It is required reading for anyone engaged in policy or investment decision-making in the energy sphere, and those more broadly interested in the oil market and the global economy.
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    Paris : IEA Publications
    Description / Table of Contents: Energy storage technologies are valuable components in most energy systems and could be an important tool in achieving a low-carbon future. These technologies allow for the decoupling of energy supply and demand, in essence providing
 a valuable resource to system operators. There are many cases where energy storage deployment is competitive or near-competitive in today’s energy system. However, regulatory and market conditions are frequently ill-equipped to compensate storage for the suite of services that it can provide. Furthermore, some technologies are still too expensive relative to other competing technologies (e.g. flexible generation and new transmission lines in electricity systems). One of the key goals of this new roadmap is to understand and communicate the value of energy storage to energy system stakeholders. This will include concepts that address the current status of deployment and predicted evolution in the context of current and future energy system needs by using a “systems perspective” rather than looking at storage technologies in isolation.
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  • 59
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    Paris : IEA Publications
    Description / Table of Contents: Co-generation technologies and efficient DHC networks offer significant environmental and energy security benefits, and can serve as flexible tools to bridge electrical and thermal energy systems. Yet despite these advantages, and successful implementation in some countries, to date, global deployment has been limited. This publication examines some of the reasons behind the slow progress, including local energy market conditions failing to ensure energy prices that reflect generation costs, lack of long-term visibility of energy policy and poor strategic planning for heating and cooling infrastructure. The report uses three case studies where co-generation has been successfully deployed in industrial applications, and three case studies of efficient DHC systems to inform this analysis. These real-life examples demonstrate that long-term stability of energy efficiency rewarding policy strategy is one of the most important levers to unlock cost-effective deployment potential of these technologies. They also show that technical challenges posed by innovative and highly integrated DHC systems can be solved through cooperative effort, experience sharing and support to demonstrate pioneer networks. Based on this analysis, the report provides policy recommendations intended to help policymakers better understand the drivers of deployment of co-generation and DHC systems, and overcome policy and market barriers to increased cost-effective penetration of these efficient energy options.
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  • 60
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cheltenham [u.a.] : Elgar
    Call number: PIK N 071-16-90003
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 189 S. , graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1781955549 ((cased)) , 9781781955543 ((cased)) , 9781783478910 , 9781781955550 (electronic)
    Language: English
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
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  • 61
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    Paris : IEA Publications
    Description / Table of Contents: Questions about the reliability, affordability and sustainability of our energy future often boil down to questions about investment. But are investors ready to commit capital in a fast-changing energy world? This complimentary special report in the World Energy Outlook series takes up this question in a full and comprehensive update of the energy investment picture to 2035 – a first full update since the 2003 World Energy Investment Outlook. With benchmark data on past investment trends and updated projections for investment at regional and global level, the report provides insights into: the structure of ownership and models for financing investment in different parts of the energy sector; the continued importance of oil investment in the Middle East to meet demand, and the consequences of delay in such investment; the dynamics and costs of LNG investment and how this can shape the future of global gas supply; where investment in the power sector might fall short of what is required, with important findings on the reliability of electricity supply in Europe and in India; the outlook for investment in low-carbon technologies, including renewables, and energy efficiency, and the barriers to their realisation; and how global investment and financing requirements change if governments take stronger action to address climate change.
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  • 62
    Description / Table of Contents: China will play a positive role in the global development of gas, the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) Executive Director, Maria Van der Hoeven has said in Beijing on 11 September, 2012 when launching a new IEA report: Gas Pricing and Regulation, China’s challenges and IEA experiences. In line with its aim to meet growing energy demand while shifting away from coal, China has set an ambitious goal of doubling its use of natural gas from 2011 levels by 2015. Prospects are good for significant new supplies – both domestic and imported, conventional and unconventional – to come online in the medium-term, but notable challenges remain, particularly concerning gas pricing and the institutional and regulatory landscape. While China’s circumstances are, in many respects unique, some current issues are similar to those a number of IEA countries have faced. This report highlights some key challenges China faces in its transition to greater reliance on natural gas, then explores in detail relevant experiences from IEA countries, particularly in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the United States as well as the European Union (EU). Preliminary suggestions about how lessons learned in other countries could be applied to China’s situation are offered as well. The aim of this report is to provide stakeholders in China with a useful reference as they consider decisions about the evolution of the gas sector in their country. The report is funded by the UK Strategic Programme Fund programme , and the EU delegation in Beijing and the World Bank have provided in-kind contributions. The project is supported by the Chinese government and co-implemented by China 5E.
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  • 63
    Description / Table of Contents: Governments have decided collectively that the world needs to limit the average global temperature increase to no more than 2°C and international negotiations are engaged to that end. Yet any resulting agreement will not emerge before 2015 and new legal obligations will not begin before 2020. Meanwhile, despite many countries taking new actions, the world is drifting further and further from the track it needs to follow. The energy sector is the single largest source of climate-changing greenhouse-gas emissions and limiting these is an essential focus of action. The World Energy Outlook has published detailed analysis of the energy contribution to climate change for many years. But, amid major international economic preoccupations, there are worrying signs that the issue of climate change has slipped down the policy agenda. This Special Report seeks to bring it right back on top by showing that the dilemma can be tackled at no net economic cost.
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    Description / Table of Contents: Sub-Saharan Africa’s energy sector can be improved to unlock a better life for its citizens. This report describes one of the most poorly understood parts of the global energy system, offers an authoritative study of its future prospects, broken down by fuel, sector and sub-region and shows how investment in the sub-Saharan energy sector can stimulate rapid economic and social development across the region. The report: Explores how quickly modern energy might be brought to the huge population currently deprived of it. Highlights key actions in the energy sector that can unleash more rapid economic and social development in sub-Saharan Africa. Examines how existing and emerging oil and gas producers can maximise the value of their resources for economic development. Evaluates the role of renewables in the region’s energy future, and how important mini- and off-grid solutions can be in providing access to electricity. Identifies the benefits that greater regional integration of the energy sector can bring, as well as mapping the future role of sub-Saharan Africa in the global energy system.
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  • 65
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    Paris : IEA Publications
    Description / Table of Contents: This report focuses mainly on developments to improve the performance of coal-based power generation technologies, which should be a priority – particularly if carbon capture and storage takes longer to become established than currently projected. A close look is taken of the major ongoing developments in process technology, plant equipment, instrumentation and control. Coal is an important source of energy for the world, particularly for power generation. To meet the growth in demand for energy over the past decade, the contribution from coal has exceeded that of any other energy source. Additionally, coal has contributed almost half of total growth in electricity over the past decade. As a result, CO2 emissions from coal-fired power generation have increased markedly and continue to rise. More than 70% of CO2 emissions that arise from power generation are attributed to coal. To play its role in a sustainable energy future, its environmental footprint must be reduced; using coal more efficiently is an important first step. Beyond efficiency improvement, carbon capture and storage (CCS) must be deployed to make deep cuts in CO2 emissions. This report focuses mainly on developments to improve the performance of coal-based power generation technologies, which should be a priority – particularly if carbon capture and storage takes longer to become established than currently projected. A close look is taken of the major ongoing developments in process technology, plant equipment, instrumentation and control. The need for energy and the economics of producing and supplying it to the end-user are central considerations in power plant construction and operation. Economic and regulatory conditions must be made consistent with the ambition to achieve higher efficiencies and lower emissions. In essence, clean coal technologies must be more widely deployed.
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  • 66
    Description / Table of Contents: As long as fossil fuels and carbon-intensive industries play dominant roles in our economies, carbon capture and storage (CCS) will remain a critical greenhouse gas reduction solution. This CCS roadmap aims at assisting governments and industry in integrating CCS in their emissions reduction strategies and in creating the conditions for scaled-up deployment of all three components of the CCS chain: CO2 capture, transport and storage. To get us onto the right pathway, this roadmap highlights seven key actions needed in the next seven years to create a solid foundation for deployment of CCS starting by 2020. IEA analysis shows that CCS is an integral part of any lowest-cost mitigation scenario where long-term global average temperature increases are limited to significantly less than 4 °C, particularly for 2 °C scenarios (2DS). In the 2DS, CCS is widely deployed in both power generation and industrial applications. The total CO2 capture and storage rate must grow from the tens of megatonnes of CO2 captured in 2013 to thousands of megatonnes of CO2 in 2050 in order to address the emissions reduction challenge. A total cumulative mass of approximately 120 GtCO2 would need to be captured and stored between 2015 and 2050, across all regions of the globe.
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    Description / Table of Contents: The trading of natural gas in the Asia-Pacific region is dominated by long-term contracts in which the price of gas is indexed to that of oil. As the price of gas between Asia and other parts of the world has widened in recent years, observers have raised serious doubts about the sustainability of this pricing model. In this report, the IEA shows what it would take to create a functional, regional natural-gas trading hub in which prices reflect the local supply and demand fundamentals. The report aims to provide stakeholders with insights on the changes that are required in the Asia-Pacific natural gas sector -- both downstream and upstream -- to allow a competitive natural gas price to emerge. Building on OECD Europe and OECD America experiences, this report sets out to assess perspectives for these changes in the Asia-Pacific natural gas markets. It identifies obstacles and opportunities for a competitive natural gas price in the Asian economies to emerge.
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    Description / Table of Contents: The transportation sector accounts for approximately one-fifth of global final energy consumption and will account for nearly all future growth in oil use, particularly for road vehicles. The right policy mix can allow countries to improve the fuel economy of road vehicles, which in turn can enhance energy security and reduce CO2 emissions. Improving the Fuel Economy of Road Vehicles highlights lessons learned and examples of good practices from countries with experience in implementing fuel economy policies for vehicles. The report, part of the IEA’s Policy Pathway series, outlines key steps in planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. It complements the IEA Technology Roadmap: Fuel Economy for Road Vehicles, which outlines technical options, potentials, and costs towards improvement in the near, medium and long term. The Policy Pathway series aims to help policy makers implement the IEA 25 Energy Efficiency Policy Recommendations endorsed by IEA Ministers (2011).
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    Paris : IEA Publications
    Description / Table of Contents: Supply shortfalls – from the Libyan civil war in 2011 and international sanctions on Iran in 2012 to a swathe of unplanned non-OPEC output stoppages – have buffeted the oil market, sending prices near 2008 highs and rekindling debate on the role of speculation in fuelling volatility. There have also been success stories. Growth in North American light, tight oil and non-conventional supply has reached game-changing levels. Iraqi production has scaled new heights, the Libyan production recovery in 2012 defied expectations and Saudi output surged to 30-year highs. On the demand front, the economic recovery has lost momentum. Market share continues to shift from mature to newly industrialised economies, but amid persistent concerns about the health of the former; China, the leading engine of oil demand growth of the last 15 years, is giving signs of slowdown. Those developments have challenged earlier assumptions and significantly changed the oil market outlook for the next five years. The IEA Medium-Term Oil Market Report (MTOMR) – companion to the monthly OMR – draws their implications for the future. It provides detailed projections for oil supply at field level, crude quality trends, demand by product, refined product output and oil investments through 2017. It examines oil price formation, regulatory changes, OPEC dynamics and the future of spare capacity – while also reviewing the contribution of new supplies from deepwater, light tight oil, biofuel and natural gas liquids. It explores how market changes are reshaping the refining industry – and what that means for trade flows. At a time of heightened economic and geopolitical risk, MTOMR is essential reading for anyone interested in oil market dynamics and in understanding the oil market context in which these risks are playing out.
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    Description / Table of Contents: Smart grids can play an important role in addressing increasingly untenable economic, environmental, and social trends in the supply and use of energy. By enabling increased awareness of system operation and better informed participation by electricity users, smart grids will increase electricity end-use efficiency while optimising network asset utilisation and increasing grid resiliency. They will also enable efficient integration of variable renewables and electric vehicles, as well as new products and services. This roadmap provides a consensus view from more than 200 government, industry, academia and consumer representatives on the current status of smart grid technologies, and charts a course for expanding their use from today to 2050. Smart grids co-ordinate the needs and capabilities of all generators, grid operators, end-users and electricity market stakeholders. This allows the grid system to operate as efficiently as possible, minimising costs and environmental impacts while maximising system reliability, resilience and stability. Smart grids accomplish this optimisation by using digital and other advanced technologies to monitor and manage the transport of electricity from all generation sources to meet the varying electricity demands of end users. These technologies are essential if the global community is to achieve shared goals for energy security, economic development and climate change mitigation. Unfortunately, existing misunderstandings of both what smart grids are and the physical and institutional complexity of electricity systems make it difficult to implement smart grids on the scale that is needed. This roadmap sets out specific steps and describes the milestones that will allow smart grids to help deliver a clean energy future over the coming years.
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  • 71
    Description / Table of Contents: Solar energy is widely available throughout the world and can contribute to reduced dependence on energy imports. As it entails no fuel price risk or constraints, it also improves security of supply. Solar power enhances energy diversity and hedges against price volatility of fossil fuels, thus stabilising costs of electricity generation in the long term. Solar PV entails no greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during operation and does not emit other pollutants (such as oxides of sulphur and nitrogen); additionally, it consumes no or little water. As local air pollution and extensive use of fresh water for cooling of thermal power plants are becoming serious concerns in hot or dry regions, these benefits of solar PV become increasingly important.
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  • 72
    Description / Table of Contents: The Technology Roadmap Bioenergy for Heat and Power highlights the importance of bioenergy in providing heat in the buildings sector and in industry, and shows what contribution it could make to meeting steadlily growing world electricity demand. The critical role of sustainability as well as the importance of international trade in meeting the projected demand for bioenergy, are highlighted in the roadmap, as well as the need for large-scale biomass plants in providing The roadmap identifies key actions by different stakeholders in the bioenergy sector, and sets out milestones for technology development in order to achieve a doubling of global bioenergy supply by 2050. It addresses the need for further R&D efforts, highlights measures to ensure sustainability of biomass production, and underlines the need for international collaboration to enhance the production and use of sustainable, modern bioenergy in different world regions.
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  • 73
    Keywords: renewable energy
    Description / Table of Contents: This information paper accompanies the IEA publication Deploying Renewables 2011: Best and Future Policy Practice (IEA, 2011a). It provides more detailed data and analysis on policies for Deploying Renewables and is intended to complement the main publication. It provides an in-depth account of the regional markets and policy trends in all six focus regions; 56 countries in total. Each region is discussed with regards to: recent market developments in the electricity, heat and transport sector policy developments IEA projections an analysis of the mid-term (2030) potential of renewable energy technologies in these regions, and an analysis of the strategic drivers underpinning the deployment of RE in each region
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  • 74
    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA Executive Director’s Annual Report 2012 is the first of a regular annual series reporting on the IEA’s operational and organisational achievements, as well as challenges and events over the year. It is presented to the IEA Governing Board and released publicly to ensure transparency and also to take stock of the organisation’s activities from a strategic perspective. 2012 was a transitional year for the IEA, given fundamental changes in the global energy economy as well as internal management and budget issues. At the same time demand for IEA products set new records, and the public and political impact of IEA work through effective communication was measured as high.
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  • 75
    Description / Table of Contents: How much CO2 are countries emitting? Where is it coming from? In the lead-up to the UN climate negotiations in Cancún, the latest information on the level and growth of CO2 emissions, their source and geographic distribution will be essential to lay the foundation for a global agreement. To provide input to and support for the UN process the IEA is making available for free download the Highlights version of CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion. This annual publication contains: - estimates of CO2 emissions by country from 1971 to 2008 - selected indicators such as CO2/GDP, CO2/capita, CO2/TPES and CO2/kWh - CO2 emissions from international marine and aviation bunkers, and other relevant information These estimates have been calculated using the IEA energy databases and the default methods and emission factors from the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
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  • 76
    Description / Table of Contents: Successful deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) is critically dependent on comprehensive policy support. While policy plays an important role in the deployment of many low-carbon technologies, it is especially crucial for CCS. This is because, in contrast to renewable energy or applications of energy efficiency, CCS generates no revenue, nor other market benefits, so long as there is no price on CO2 emissions. It is both costly to install and, once in place, has increased operating costs. Effective, well-designed policy support is essential in overcoming these barriers and the subsequent deployment of CCS technology. This guide for policy makers aims to assist those involved in designing national and international policies around CCS. It covers development of CCS from its early stages through to wide-scale deployment of the technology. The focus is both on incentives for conventional fossil-fuel CCS and for bioenergy with CCS (BECCS).
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  • 77
    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA Wind Power Technology Roadmap 2013 Edition recognises the very significant progress made since the first edition was published in 2009. The technology continues to improve rapidly, and costs of generation from land-based wind installations continue to fall. Wind power is now being deployed in countries with good resources without any dedicated financial incentives. The 2013 Edition targets an increased share (15% to 18%) of global electricity to be provided by wind power in 2050, compared to 12% in the original roadmap of 2009. However, increasing levels of low-cost wind still require predictable, supportive regulatory environments and appropriate market designs. The challenges of integrating higher levels of variable wind power into the grid need to be addressed. For offshore wind, much remains to be done to develop appropriate large-scale systems and to reduce costs. The 2013 Wind Power Roadmap also provides updated analysis on the barriers that exist for the technology and suggests ways to address them, including legal and regulatory recommendations.
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  • 78
    Description / Table of Contents: Over the next four decades, global passenger and freight travel is expected to double over 2010 levels. In order to accommodate this growth, it is expected that the world will need to add nearly 25 million paved road lane-kilometres and 335 000 rail track kilometres. In addition, it is expected that between 45 000 square kilometres and 77 000 square kilometres of new parking spaces will be added to accommodate vehicle stock growth. These land transport infrastructure additions, when combined with operations, maintenance and repairs, are expected to cost as much as USD 45 trillion by 2050. This publication reports on the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) analysis of infrastructure requirements to support projected road and rail travel through 2050, using the IEA Mobility Model. It considers land transport infrastructure additions to support travel growth to 2050. It also considers potential savings if countries pursue “avoid and shift” policies: in this scenario, cumulative global land transport infrastructure spending could decrease as much as USD 20 trillion by 2050 over baseline projections.
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  • 79
    Description / Table of Contents: Ensuring energy security and addressing climate change cost-effectively are key global challenges. Tackling these issues will require efforts from stakeholders worldwide. To find solutions, the public and private sectors must work together, sharing burdens and resources, while at the same time multiplying results and outcomes. Through its broad range of multilateral technology initiatives (Implementing Agreements), the IEA enables member and non-member countries, businesses, industries, international organisations and non-governmental organisations to share research on breakthrough technologies, to fill existing research gaps, to build pilot plants and to carry out deployment or demonstration programmes across the energy sector. This publication highlights the most significant recent achievements of the IEA Implementing Agreements. At the core of the IEA energy technology network, these initiatives are a fundamental building block for facilitating the entry of new and improved energy technologies into the marketplace.
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  • 80
    Description / Table of Contents: Electricity shortages can paralyse our modern economies. All governments fear rolling black-outs and their economic consequences, especially in economies increasingly based on digital technologies. Over the last two decades, the development of markets for power has produced cost reduction, technological innovation, increased cross border trade and assured a steady supply of electricity. Now, IEA countries face the challenge of maintaining security of electricity supply during the transition to low-carbon economies. Low-carbon policies are pushing electricity markets into novel territories at a time when most of the generation and network capacity will have to be replaced. Most notably, wind and solar generation, now an integral part of electricity markets, can present new operating and investment challenges for generation, networks and the regional integration of electricity markets. In addition, the resilience of power systems facing more frequent natural disasters is also of increasing concern. IEA Ministers mandated the Secretariat to work on the Electricity Security Action Plan (ESAP), expanding to electricity the energy security mission of the IEA. This paper outlines the key conclusions and policy recommendations to “keep the lights on” while reducing CO2 emissions and increasing the efficiency.
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    Paris : IEA Publications
    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA produced its first handy, pocket-sized summary of key energy data in 1997 and every year since then it has been more and more successful. Key World Energy Statistics contains timely, clearly-presented data on supply, transformation and consumption of all major energy sources. The interested businessman, journalist or student will have at his or her fingertips the annual Canadian production of coal, the electricity consumption in Thailand, the price of diesel oil in Spain and thousands of other useful energy facts.
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  • 82
    Description / Table of Contents: Carbon pricing can be a key policy tool to help countries move their energy sectors onto a cleaner development path. One important issue to consider when introducing carbon pricing is how it will integrate with other energy policies that also reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including policies to support low-carbon technologies (such as renewable energy) and energy efficiency programmes. Poor policy integration can undermine energy security and affordability, and affect the performance of renewable energy policies and energy markets. Climate objectives can also be undermined, through low and uncertain carbon prices and the risk of stop-start policy. Understanding how to manage policy interactions can improve the climate and energy policy package, reducing the trade-offs and advancing the synergies between energy and climate objectives. This will benefit the country in terms of a more effective and lower-cost low-carbon development path, as well as supporting a more energy-secure future.
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  • 83
    Description / Table of Contents: This study examines the production costs of a range of transport fuels and energy carriers under varying crude oil price assumptions and technology market maturation levels. An engineering “bottom-up” approach is used to estimate the effect of the input cost of oil and of various technological assumptions on the finished price of these fuels. In total, the production costs of 20 fuels are examined for crude oil prices between USD 60 and USD 150 per barrel. Some fuel pathways can be competitive with oil as their production, transport and storage technology matures, and as oil price increases. Rising oil prices will offer new opportunities to switch to alternative fuels for transport, to diversify the energy mix of the transport sector, and to reduce the exposure of the whole system to price volatility and potential distuption of supply. In a time of uncertainty about the leading vehicle technology to decarbonize the transport sector, looking at the fuel cost brings key information to be considered to keep mobility affordable yet sustainable.
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  • 84
    Description / Table of Contents: In the lead-up to the UN climate negotiations in Warsaw, the latest information on the level and growth of CO2 emissions, their source and geographic distribution will be essential to lay the foundation for a global agreement. To provide input to and support for the UN process, the IEA is making available for free download the "Highlights" version of CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion now for sale on IEA Bookshop. This annual publication contains, for more than 140 countries and regions: • estimates of CO2 emissions from 1971 to 2011 • selected indicators such as CO2/GDP, CO2/capita, CO2/TPES and CO2/kWh • a decomposition of CO2 emissions into driving factors • CO2emissions from international marine and aviation bunkers, key sources, and other relevant information. The nineteenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Climate Change Convention (COP-19), in conjunction with the ninth meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP 9), will be meeting in Warsaw, Poland from 11 to 22 November 2013. This volume of "Highlights", drawn from the full-scale study, was specially designed for delegations and observers of the meeting in Warsaw.
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  • 85
    Description / Table of Contents: Electricity security remains a priority of energy policy and continuous electrification will further enhance the importance in the years to come. Market liberalisation has brought substantial benefits to societies, including competition, innovation, more client-oriented services and the reduced needs for public expenditure. Further, the path of decarbonisation is a must but experiences with many new technologies and policies show their many implications on power systems. Electricity networks form the backbone of reliable and affordable power systems and also significantly support the inception of renewable generation. The importance of distribution and transmission networks has to be well understood by policy makers and regulators to maintain the sensitive balance within the policy triangle of reliability, affordability and sustainability as power systems rapidly change. Failures in choosing the right institutions and regulatory frameworks to operate and build networks will put the sensitive balance within the policy triangle at risk. “Too complex for a resource?” identifies the key challenges the electricity distribution and transmission networks face today and in the future. It further provides for best practice examples on institutional design choices and regulatory frameworks for sound network service provision but also highlights the importance of additional responses required. More market-based and dynamic frameworks for various system services, the growing need for active service participation of renewable generators and highly independent and transparent central operators seem to be at the heart of these responses. “Too complex for a resource?” finds that the answer to the challenges ahead is not always more infrastructure and that networks and the services they provide have to be regarded as equal part of the total power system. Thus, accurate and dynamic cost allocation can significantly support to transform public good-type network services into resources with market values.
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  • 86
    Description / Table of Contents: Oil is traded in a market where uncertainty, price volatility, and sudden supply disruptions are common characteristics. Natural disasters, political disagreements and wars can seriously disrupt oil supply and demand with consequent detrimental impacts on economic activity. One particularly powerful policy tool that IEA member countries have to respond to such disruptions is the release of emergency oil stocks. In its 40 year history, the IEA released stocks on three occasions to reduce the supply disruptions and the associated economic damage. This paper provides a general guide to the existing emergency stockholding system for those countries who are considering the introduction of new stockholding systems or changes to their existing emergency stocks. It draws together analysis of the costs and benefits of emergency stocks, in addition to exploring options for financing the establishment of stocks.
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  • 87
    Description / Table of Contents: Russia is in the process of one of the most ambitious electricity reform programs ever undertaken. The reform is crucial for Russia, with the potential to modernize and transform the sector into a key driver of longer-term economic growth and prosperity. In 2005, the IEA published a study documenting the proposed reform and highlighting some potential implementation issues. Achievements to date have been impressive by international standards, however the outcome remains uncertain. Electricity reform is entering another critical phase in Russia. The 2013 Update examines the key remaining challenges affecting the development of competitive wholesale and retail electricity markets in Russia including: market structure, market design, pricing, investment and related regulation. The report draws extensively on the experience of IEA member countries and on views expressed during consultations with key Russian stakeholders.
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  • 88
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    Paris : IEA Publications
    Description / Table of Contents: Energy Policy Highlights showcases recent developments in energy policies among all 28 IEA member countries. Each contribution underscores the changing nature of both global and domestic energy challenges, as well as the commonality of energy concerns among member countries. The policies highlighted in this publication identify an urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a clear policy objective. Electricity, enhancing energy efficiency and increasing the share of renewables in the energy mix in a cost effective manner are likewise areas of common focus. On the end-user side, increasing public awareness of domestic energy policies through improved transparency and engagement is an important facet of policy support among IEA member countries. The successful implementation of policies and other initiatives benefitted from efforts to inform the public.
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  • 89
    Description / Table of Contents: Buildings account for almost a third of final energy consumption globally and are an equally important source of CO2 emissions. Currently, both space heating and cooling, as well as hot water are estimated to account for roughly half of global energy consumption in buildings. Energy-efficient and low/zero-carbon heating and cooling technologies for buildings have the potential to reduce CO2 emissions by up to 2 gigatonnes (Gt) and save 710 million tonnes oil equivalent (Mtoe) of energy by 2050. Most of these technologies – which include solar thermal, combined heat and power (CHP), heat pumps and thermal energy storage – are commercially available today. The Energy-Efficient Buildings: Heating and Cooling Equipment Roadmap sets out a detailed pathway for the evolution and deployment of the key underlying technologies. It finds that urgent action is required if the building stock of the future is to consume less energy and result in lower CO2 emissions. The roadmap concludes with a set of near-term actions that stakeholders will need to take to achieve the roadmap’s vision. Buildings account for almost a third of final energy consumption globally and are an equally important source of CO2 emissions. Currently, both space heating and cooling as well as hot water are estimated to account for roughly half of global energy consumption in buildings. Energy-efficient and low/zero-carbon heating and cooling technologies for buildings have the potential to reduce CO2 emissions by up to 2 gigatonnes (Gt) and save 710 million tonnes oil equivalent (Mtoe) of energy by 2050. Most of these technologies – which include solar thermal, combined heat and power (CHP), heat pumps and thermal energy storage – are commercially available today.
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  • 90
    Description / Table of Contents: The building envelope – also known as the building shell, fabric or enclosure – is the boundary between the conditioned interior of a building and the outdoors. The energy performance of building envelope components, including external walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, windows and doors, is critical in determining how much energy is required for heating and cooling. The building envelope’s impact on energy consumption should not be underestimated: globally, space heating and cooling account for over one-third of all energy consumed in buildings, rising to as much as 50% in cold climates and over 60% in the residential sub-sector in cold climate countries. Overall, buildings are responsible for more than one-third of global energy consumption. While whole-building approaches are ideal, every day building envelope components are upgraded or replaced using technologies that are less efficient than the best options available. These advanced options, which are the primary focus of this roadmap, are needed not only to support whole-building approaches but also to improve the energy efficiency of individual components.
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  • 91
    Description / Table of Contents: Nearly one-third of global energy and one-quarter of worldwide carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are attributable to industrial activities that are not in the power generation sector. If climate change is to be successfully tackled, these sectors will need to transform the way they use energy and significantly reduce their CO2 emissions. In sectors such as iron and steel, oil refining, cement and chemicals and petrochemicals, emission can be reduced through efficiency improvements and integration of low carbon energy sources. Crucially, however, carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been identified as the only large-scale mitigation option available that can deliver the additional CO2 emissions reductions that would be necessary to meet the climate goals in 2050. This roadmap shows that CCS is a key cost-effective option for reducing CO2 emissions in large energy-intensive industries. In fact, much of the promising short-term potential for CCS globally lies not in the power sector but in industrial activities that currently vent highly pure streams of CO2. These activities include hydrogen production for fertilisers or fuel, bioethanol production and natural gas sweetening. Most studies on the potential application of CCS have focused on the power sector, however, even though all existing operational large-scale demonstrations of CCS are in industrial applications. In the longer-term, half of the global economic deployment for CCS by 2050 is shown to be in industrial applications. In certain sectors CCS is shown to be of particular relevance in developing countries, where it could be a highly cost-competitive emissions abatement option, even in the near term. This technology roadmap builds on the initial IEA roadmap on CCS and also the technology roadmap for the cement sector developed by the IEA and the Cement Sustainability Initiative of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development. It paves the way for low-carbon industrial growth in developed and developing countries by providing a vision of CCS in industrial applications up to 2050.
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  • 92
    Description / Table of Contents: This study examines the production costs of a range of transport fuels and energy carriers under varying crude oil price assumptions and technology market maturation levels. An engineering “bottom-up” approach is used to estimate the effect of the input cost of oil and of various technological assumptions on the finished price of these fuels. In total, the production costs of 20 fuels are examined for crude oil prices between USD 60 and USD 150 per barrel. Some fuel pathways can be competitive with oil as their production, transport and storage technology matures, and as oil price increases. Rising oil prices will offer new opportunities to switch to alternative fuels for transport, to diversify the energy mix of the transport sector, and to reduce the exposure of the whole system to price volatility and potential distuption of supply. In a time of uncertainty about the leading vehicle technology to decarbonize the transport sector, looking at the fuel cost brings key information to be considered to keep mobility affordable yet sustainable.
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  • 93
    Description / Table of Contents: In the April 2010 Oil Market Report (OMR), the IEA included a supplementary report on the prospects to 2015 for the supply of natural gas liquids (NGLs), especially in light of new developments in natural gas production. At a time when economic, regulatory and geopolitical uncertainties are stretching lead times for expanding global crude oil supply, rising NGL and condensate availability can act as a pressure valve for the global oil market. Frequently overlooked as a component of production growth, nonetheless IEA estimates see up to 60% of expected oil supply increases through mid-decade deriving from NGLs. This timely report tries to present a clear view of the component parts of the NGL value chain, highlights optimal gas and NGL development strategies and presents detailed country and region specific forecasts for NGL supply through 2015.
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    Paris : IEA Publications
    Description / Table of Contents: Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2014 examines progress in the development and deployment of key clean energy technologies. This Energy Technology Perspectives 2014 (ETP 2014) excerpt tracks each technology and sector against interim 2025 targets in the IEA 2014 Energy Technology Perspectives 2°C scenario, which lays out pathways to a sustainable energy system in 2050. Deployment of solar photovoltaics (PV), onshore wind and electric vehicles (EVs) is still increasing rapidly, but their growth rates are slowing. Growth of coal-fired power generation exceeds that of all non-fossil fuels combined. Nuclear power generation is stagnating. Development of carbon capture and storage (CCS) remains too slow. These trends reflect inadequate political and financial commitment to long-term sustainability of the global energy system. Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2014 provides, together with ETP 2014, specific recommendations to governments on how to scale up deployment of these key technologies toward a secure, clean and competitive energy future.
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    Paris : IEA Publications
    Description / Table of Contents: In 90 minutes, enough sunlight strikes the earth to provide the entire planet's energy needs for one year. While solar energy is abundant, it represents a tiny fraction of the world’s current energy mix. But this is changing rapidly and is being driven by global action to improve energy access and supply security, and to mitigate climate change. Around the world, countries and companies are investing in solar generation capacity on an unprecedented scale, and, as a consequence, costs continue to fall and technologies improve. This publication gives an authoritative view of these technologies and market trends, in both advanced and developing economies, while providing examples of the best and most advanced practices. It also provides a unique guide for policy makers, industry representatives and concerned stakeholders on how best to use, combine and successfully promote the major categories of solar energy: solar heating and cooling, photovoltaic and solar thermal electricity, as well as solar fuels. Finally, in analysing the likely evolution of electricity and energy-consuming sectors – buildings, industry and transport – it explores the leading role solar energy could play in the long-term future of our energy system.
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    Description / Table of Contents: Unlike many other low-carbon energy sources, nuclear energy is a mature technology that has been in use for more than 50 years. The latest designs for nuclear power plants build on this experience to offer enhanced safety and performance, and are ready for wider deployment. Nuclear power will be an important contributor to a low carbon power mix and can play a significant role in achieving both enhanced energy security and combating climate change. The IEA/NEA Nuclear Energy Technology Roadmap (2010) identified major barriers, opportunities, and policy measures for policy makers and industry and financial partners to accelerate RDD&D efforts for various nuclear technologies on both a national and international level.
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    Paris : IEA Publications
    Description / Table of Contents: Energy efficiency has been referred to as a "hidden fuel", one that extends energy supplies, increases energy security, lowers carbon emissions and generally supports sustainable economic growth. Yet it is hiding in plain sight: in 2011, investments in the energy efficiency market globally were at a similar scale to those in renewable energy or fossil-fuel power generation. The Energy Efficiency Market Report provides a practical basis for understanding energy efficiency market activities, a review of the methodological and practical challenges associated with measuring the market and its components, and statistical analysis of energy efficiency and its impact on energy demand. It also highlights a specific technology sector in which there is significant energy efficiency market activity, in this instance appliances and ICT. The report presents a selection of country case studies that illustrate current energy efficiency markets in specific sectors, and how they may evolve in the medium term. The energy efficiency market is diffuse, varied and involves all energy-consuming sectors of the economy. A comprehensive overview of market activity is complicated by the challenges associated with quantifying the components of the market and the paucity of comparable reported data. This report underscores how vital high-quality and timely energy efficiency data is to understanding this market. This first Energy Efficiency Market Report sits alongside IEA market reports for oil, gas, coal and renewable energy, highlighting its place as a major energy resource. It summarises in one place the trends and prospects for investment and energy cost savings in the medium term, up to 2020.
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  • 98
    Description / Table of Contents: A two day meeting covering a survey of progress in developing and implementing legal and regulatory frameworks in the jurisdictions represented and the exploration of a range of issues which have emerged in the development of legal and regulatory frameworks.
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  • 99
    Description / Table of Contents: At the second Clean Energy Ministerial in Abu Dhabi, April 2011 (CEM 2), the Carbon Capture, Use and Storage Action Group (CCUS AG) presented seven substantive recommendations to Energy Ministers on concrete, near-term actions to accelerate global carbon capture and storage (CCS) deployment. Twelve CCUS AG governments agreed to advance progress against the 2011 recommendations by the third Clean Energy Ministerial (London, 25-26 April 2012) (CEM 3). Following CEM 2, the CCUS AG requested the IEA and the Global CCS Institute to report on progress made against the 2011 recommendations at CEM 3. Tracking Progress in Carbon Capture and Storage: International Energy Agency/Global CCS Institute report to the third Clean Energy Ministerial responds to that request. The report considers a number of key questions. Taken as a whole, what advancements have committed CCUS AG governments made against the 2011 recommendations since CEM 2? How can Energy Ministers continue to drive progress to enable CCS to fully contribute to climate change mitigation? While urgent further action is required in all areas, are there particular areas that are currently receiving less policy attention than others, where efforts could be redoubled? The report concludes that, despite developments in some areas, significant further work is required. CCS financing and industrial applications continue to represent a particularly serious challenge.
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  • 100
    Description / Table of Contents: Electricity generation from coal is still growing rapidly and energy scenarios from the IEA expect a possible increase from today’s 1 600 GW of coal-fired power plants to over 2 600 GW until 2035. This trend will increase the lock-in of carbon intensive electricity sources, while IEA assessments show that two-thirds of total abatement from all sectors should come from the power sector alone to support a least-cost abatement strategy. Since coal-fired power plants have a fairly long lifetime, and in order to meet climate constraints, there is a need either to apply CCS retrofit to some of today’s installed coal-fired power plants once the technology becomes available. Another option would be to retire some plants before the end of their lifetime. This working paper discusses criteria relevant to differentiating between the technical, cost-effective and realistic potential for CCS retrofit. The paper then discusses today’s coal-fired power plant fleet from a statistical perspective, by looking at age, size and the expected performance of today’s plant across several countries. The working paper also highlights the growing demand for applying CCS retrofitting to the coal-fired power plant fleet of the future. In doing so this paper aims at emphasising the need for policy makers, innovators and power plant operators to quickly complete the development of the CCS technology and to identify key countries where retrofit applications will have the biggest extent and impact.
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