ALBERT

Note: SUMARIO: Presentación. - Hidrografía al borde del hielo entre las islas Elefante y las Orcadas del Sur durante el verano austral 1988- 1989 / F. G. Figueiras y F. F. Pérez. - Hidrografía de Admiralty Bay, isla King George, Antártida, al comienzo del verano austral de 1988-1989 / R. Prego, F. F. Pérez y F. G. Figueiras. - Saruracrón de oxigeno disuelto en las aguas Investigadas durante la campaña "Antártida 8611" / A. Alvarez Meneses. - Peces capturados durante la campaña "Antártida 8611" / J. Matallanas. - Edad y crecimiento de Notothenia gibberifrons (Lönnberg, 1905), en Georgia del Sur / M. T. García Santamaría y E. Balguerias. - Algunos datos sobre la distribución, abundancia y biología de Patagonotothen brevicauda guntheri (Norman, 1937) en Shag Rocks / E. Balguerias y M. E. Quintero. - Dos nuevas especies de picnogónidos antárticos / T. Munilla. - Distribución espacial del Krill (Euphasia superba; Dana, 1852), obtenida durante la campaña "Antártida 8611" / l. Sobrino. - Análisis de los porcentajes de hembras fecundadas de Krill (Euphasia superba; Dana, 1852), obtenidos durante la campaña "Antártida 8611" / I. Sobrino. - Primeros datos sobre la flora y vegetación liquénica de isla Livingston (islas Shetland del Sur, Antártida) / L. G. Sancho, L. Kappen y B. Schroeter. - lnvestigaciones ecofisiológicas en líquenes antárticos. Primeros datos sobre la actividad fotosintética de líquenes crustáceos "in situ" / L. Kappen, B Schroeter y L. G. Sancho. - Microclima y fotosíntesis neta de Usnea antarctica a partir de mediciones realizadas "in situ" en isla Livingston (islas Shetland del Sur, Antártida) / B. Schroeter, L. Kapen y L. G. Sancho. - Notas acerca de una colonia de nidificación de Cormoran carunculado del Antártico (Phalacrocorax atriceps) en Bahía Paraíso (península Antartrca) / J. Curt y A . Fernández Riestra. - Observación de cinco cisnes de cuello negro (Cygnus melanocoryphus) en la zona del Tratado Antártico / J. Curt. - Catálogo de ceráceos, pinnípedos y aves observados desde el buque oceanográfico "Las Palmas" durante las navegaciones efectuadas en la zona del Tratado Antártico y en sus destacamentos de las islas Shetland del Sur y estrecho de Bransfiel (25-I-89 a 1-III-89) / J. Curt. - Foraminíferos, biofacies e hidrodinámica sedimentaria en la Antártida / G. Mateu. - Actividad antimicrobiana de un nuevo monoterpeno del Plocamium cartilagineum de la península Antártica / J. Rovirosa, L. Sánchez, Y. Palacios, J. Darías y A. San Martín. - Aspectos taxonómicos de bacterias aisladas en la isla Livingston durante la campaña 1986-1987 / N. Bozal, J. G. Loren y J. Guinea. - Observaciones de NO2 y ozono en el interíor del Vértice Polar Antártico / M. Gil, J. Cacho, L. Acedo y M. J. Sainz de Aja. - Condiciones meteorológicas del agujero del ozono en la Antártida / J. M. Cisneros. - Altos valores de humedad relativa medidos en la estratosfera antártica / J . M. Cisneros. - Aproximación al estudio de fenómenos micrometeorológicos en la isla Decepción / J . Vira, M. Ramos y M. R. Soler. - Las campañas 1987-1988, 1988-1989 al sur del mar de Brandsfield. Resultados científicos / M. Catalán. - Las campañas geodésicas 1987- 1988, 1988-1989 en las Shetland del Sur / J. Ballesteros, M. Berrocoso, M. Catalán, F. Cruz. R. Estrada. J. M. Fernández López, A. Luján, J. Muñoz, J. Sánchez del Toro, J. C. Sastre, R. Soto y J. G. Viramonte. - Las observaciones GPS en la red antártica 1988-1989. El efecto del campo gravitatorio austral en la observación de satélites / M. Catalán y M. Berrocoso. - Origen y estructura de la isla Decepción (islas Shetland del Sur) / J. Martí, A . Baraldo y J. Rey. - Geoquímica de fluidos en la isla Decepción / A. Valentin, M. Martini y J. L. Diez Gil. - Los enclaves de las rocas volcánicas de terraza Kendall y Bahía Murature, isla Decepción, Shetland del Sur. Antártida / C. Risso, A . Aparicio y J. G. Viramonte. - Anomalías térmicas y balance de flujo disipado en la isla Decepción, Shetland del Sur / M. Ramos, R. Ortiz, J. L. Diez Gil y J. G. Viramonte. - Caracterización de algunos parámetros termodinámicos del suelo del volcán Decepción (Antártida) / M. Ramos, M. Domínguez y R. Ortiz. - Temblores volcánicos en Decepción. Origen y evolución / J. Vila, A. M. Correig, R. Ortiz y J. Batlló. - Detección de una capa de baja velocidad asociada a las últimas erupciones en Decepción / J. Vila, A. M. Correig, R. Maciá y R. Ortiz. - Interpretación preliminar de un ensayo de perfil sísmico de refracción en Port Foster (isla Decepción) / R. Ortiz, R. Boloix y E. Carreño. - Actividad sísmica en el entorno de la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos I (islas Livingston y Decepción) / R. Ortiz, J. Vila y J. C. Sastre. - Estudio del campo magnético en Port Foster (isla Decepción) / A. García, J. G. Viramonte, J. Vila y J. M. lbáñez. - Perfiles magnéticos sobre el sistema de fracturas del sector noroeste de Decepción / J. G. Viramonte, M Ramos, A. García, C. Suazo y J. L. Díez Gil. - Anomalías magnéticas al sur del mar de Bransfield / J. Acosta, M. Catalán, J. L. Diez, J. M Fernández López, A. García, P. Herranz, R. Ortiz y J. C. Sastre. - Tectónica reciente en los depósitos submarinos de la bahía de Depción / J. Rey, J. R. de Andrés, J. M. Fernández López y C. Palomo. - Nuevos datos de sísmica continua por reflexión sobre la evolución geodinámica reciente del margen de las Shetland del Sur y estrecho de Bransfield / J. L. Sanz, J. Acosta y P. Herranz. - Perfiles sísmicos en las Shetland del Sur y estrecho de Bransfiel. Estructura y dinámica reciente / J. Acosta, M. Catalán, P. Herranz y J. L. Sanz. - Análisis estructural del hielo del glaciar Cazadora, cuantificación direccional de la anisotropia y predicción del drenaje subglaciar. Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Erase, l. Antigüedad y M. Taylor. - Distribución vertical de isótopos estables (Deuterio y Oxígeno-18) en el hielo del glaciar Cazadora junto a la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Eraso, l. Antigüedad, R. Gonfiantini, L. Araguas, M Gómez Martos y J. A. López Geta. - Distribución vertical de algunos oligoelementos presentes en el glaciar Cazadora junto a la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Eraso, l. Antigüedad. A. llarri, J. A. López Geta y M. Gómez Martos. - Análisis mineralógico y por microsonda de las cenizas volcánicas existentes junto a la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Eraso, l. Antigüedad, P. Herrero, J. Arostegui. L Eguiluz, C. Quesada y A. Sánchez. - Diferentes tipologías de aguas encontradas en la proximidad de la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / l. Antigüedad, A. Eraso y R. Fernández Rubio. - Correlación entre caudales drenados y parámetros hidroquimicos en el río de la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / l. Antigüedad, A. Eraso y R. Fernández Rubio. - Caracteríscicas del hidrograma en función de los datos meteorológicos y elaboración de la curva de gastos del río de la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / l. Antigüedad. A. Eraso, A. Mangín y R. Fernández Rubió. - Anteproyecto de construcción de un azud en la albufera fósil del sexto nivel de playa existente junto a la Base Antá rtica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Eraso, A. Sánchez de Toro, R. Fernández Rubio y J. Presa. - Instrumentación Antártica, unidad automática de adquisición de datos para aplicación general. / R. Ortiz y E. Giménez. - Instrumentación Antártica. Red Sísmica Digital / R. Ortiz y J. Vila. - Experiencias térmicas realizadas sobre el comportamiento térmico del acero en condiciones polares (Polo Norte Geográfico) / J. Aguirre, M Ramos, P. D. Sanz y A. Sigot. - Estudio de fa resistencia térmica del traje polar prototipo "CM" e , Sprache der Zusammenfassung: Englisch

Note: Zugl.: Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 1990 , Inhaltsverzeichnis: I Verzeichnis der Abbildungen. - II Verzeichnis der Tabellen. - III Anhangsverzeichnis. - IV Anlagenverzeichnis. - 1 Einleitung. - 2 Die natürlichen Gegebenheiten. - 2.1 Die Lage. - 2.2 Klima. - 2.3 Geologie und Tektonik. - 2.4 Böden 2.5 Vegetation. - 3 Zur Landschaftsgeschichte des Untersuchungsgebietes. - 3.1 Morphodynamik des Hügel-Terrassen-Reliefs. - 3.1.1 Die Entstehung der Terrassenfolge. - 3.1.2 Morphadynamischer Zyklus im Bereich des Terrassenreliefs. - 3.1.3 Morphadynamischer Zyklus im Bereich des Hügelreliefs. - 3.2 Beschreibung der Reliefelemente. - 3.3 Versuch einer landschaftsgeschichtlichen Deutung. - 3.3.1 Zeitvorstellungen. - 4 Methodik. - 4.1 Die geomorphologische Karte. - 4.1.1 Transekte und Bodenprofile. - 4.2 Rodenanalysen. - 4.3 Ergebnisse. - 4.3.1 Die HCl-Reaktion. - 4.1.2 pH-Wert. - 4.3.3 CaCO3. - 4.4.4 C-Gehalt. - 4.4.5 N-Gehalt. - 4.4.6 Textur. - 5 Bodenklassifikation. - 5.1 Die Bodeneinheiten und Subeinheiten. - 5.2 Beschreibung und Verbreitung der Bodeneinheiten. - 5.2.1 Fluvisols. - 5.2.1.1 Calcaric Fluvisols. - 5.2.2 Regosols. - 5.2.2.1 Calcaric Regosols. - 5.2.2.2 Eutric Regosols. - 5.2.3 Leptasols. - 5.2.3.1 Rendzic Leptasols. - 5.2.3.2 Mollic Leptasols. - 5.2.3.3 Eutric Leptasols. - 5.2.4 Kastanozems. - 5.2.4.1 Verti-Calcic Kastanozems. - 5.2.4.2 Rubbi-Haplic Kastanozems. - 5.2.4.3 Haplic Kastanozems. - 5.2.5 Chernozems. - 5.2.5.1 Verti-Haplic Chernozems. - 5.2.5.2 Verti-Calcic Chernozems. - 5.2.5.3 Haplic Chernozems. - 5.2.6 Vertisols. - 5.2.6.1 Calcic Vertisols. - 5.3 Bodenmorphologie. - 6 Darstellung der untersuchten Transekte. - 6.1 Einleitung. - 6.2 Transektbeschreibungen. - 6.2.1 Transekt 8 'San Rafael'. - 6.2.2 Transekt 7 'Ojo de Agua'. - 6.2.3 Transekt 5 'El Mirador'. - 6.2.4 Transekt 1 'Microondas'. - 6.2.5 Transekt 10 'El Terreno'. - 6.2.6 Transekt 4 'Emiliano Zapata'. - 6.2.7 Transekt 3 'San Angel'. - 6.2.8 Transekt 9 "La Petaca-Guadalupe'. - 7 Die Verbreitung der Bodentypen anhand der geomorphologischen Karte. - 7.1 Einleitung. - 7.2 Die geomorphologischen Einheiten und ihre Bodenvergesellschaftungen. - 7.2.1 Die Vergesellschaftung im Kolinar C3 7.2.2 Die Vergesellschaftung im Kolinar C2. - 7.2.3 Die Vergesellschaftung im Kolinar C1 7.2.4 Die Vergesellschaftung auf der T5 Terrasse. - 7.2.5 Die Vergesellschaftung auf der T4 Terrasse. - 7.2.6 Die Vergesellschaftung auf der T3 Terrasse. - 7.2.7 Die Vergesellschaftung auf der T2 Terrasse. - 7.2.8 Die Vergesellschaftung auf der T1 Terrasse. - 8 Diskussion und Schlußfolgerungen. - 8.1 Vorstellungen von der regionalen Landschaftsgeschichte. - 8.2 Entstehung von Caliche-Schotterterrassen. - 8.2.1 Die Verbreitung von Caliche-Schotterterrassen. - 8.2.2 Entstehung von mit Caliche verhärteten Schotterterrassen. - 8.2.3 Versuch einer Deutung der calichierten Schotterterrassen. - 8.3 Komplex: Terrassen-Caliche-Klima. - 8.3.1 Paläoklimatische Hypothesen für Nordmexiko und S-USA. - 8.3.2 Deutung der Befunde in der Region anhand der klimatischen Hypothesen. - 8.4 Bodengenese. - 8.5 Bodenklassifikation und einheimische Bodenbezeichnungen. - 8.6 Die Landschaftstypen in der Region. - 9 Zusammenfassung. - 10 Literaturverzeichnis. - Anhang.

Note: Table of Contents: Preface. - 1.0 Introduction. - 2.0 Geo-referenced data base. - 3.0 Polar stereographic elevation grid. - 4.0 Goid grid. - Tables. - Appendix. - References.

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Chapter 1. The CO2-Carbonic Acid System and Solution Chemistry Basic Concepts Activity Coefficients in Solutions Influences of Temperature and Pressure The Carbonic Acid System in Seawater Calculation of the Saturation State of Seawater with Respect to Carbonate Minerals Concluding Remarks Chapter 2. Interactions Between Carbonate Minerals and Solutions Sedimentary Carbonate Minerals Basic Concepts Characteristics of Sedimentary Carbonate Minerals Solubility Behavior of Carbonate Minerals General Considerations Calcite and Aragonite Solubility Methods for the Calculation of Equilibrium Solution Composition Under Different Conditions Surface Chemistry of Carbonate Minerals Basic Principles Adsorption of Ions on Carbonate Surfaces Carbonate Dissolution and Precipitation Kinetics Basic Principles Reaction Kinetics in Simple Solutions Reaction Kinetics in Complex Solutions Concluding Remarks Chapter 3. Coprecipitation Reactions and Solid Solutions of Carbonate Minerals General Concepts Background Information Basic Chemical Considerations Coprecipitation of "Foreign" Ions in Carbonate Minerals Examples of Coprecipitation Reactions General Models for Partition Coefficients in Carbonates Magnesian Calcite General Considerations The Fundamental Problems Experimental Observations Hypothesis of a Hydrated Magnesian Calcite Stable Isotope Chemistry General Considerations Oxygen Isotopes Carbon Stable Isotopes Concluding Remarks Chapter 4. The Oceanic Carbonate System and Calcium Carbonate Accumulation in Deep Sea Sediments An Overview of Major Processes The CO2 System in Oceanic Waters The Upper Ocean The Deep Sea Saturation State of Deep Seawater with Respect to CaCO3 Sources and Sedimentation of Deep Sea Carbonates Sources Sedimentation The Distribution of CaCO3 in Deep Sea Sediments and Carbonate Lithofacies General Considerations The Distribution of CaCO3 in Surface Sediments Factors Controlling the Accumulation of Calcium Carbonate in Deep Sea Sediments General Relations Factors Leading to Variability Near Interfacial Processes Variability of Calcium Carbonate Deposition in Deep Sea Sediments with Time Influence of Glacial Times The Impact of Fossil Fuel CO2 on the Ocean-Carbonate System Concluding Remarks Chapter 5. Composition and Source of Shoal-Water Carbonate Sediments Introduction Shoal-Water Carbonates in Space and Time Carbonate Grains and Skeletal Parts Overview and Examples Sediment Classification Depositional Environments Concluding Statement Biomineralization General Aspects Environmental Controls on Mineralogy Stable Isotopes Coprecipitation Precipitation of Carbonates from Seawater Carbonate Chemistry of Shallow Seawater Abiotic Precipitation of CaCO3 from Seawater Sources of Aragonite Needle Muds Formation of Oöids Concluding Remarks 238 Chapter 6. Early Marine Diagenesis of Shoal-Water Carbonate Sediments Introduction Some Preliminary Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations Very Early Diagenesis Major Diagenetic Processes Pore Water Chemistry Precipitation of Early Carbonate Cements Dissolution of Carbonates Concluding Remarks Chapter 7. Early Non-Marine Diagenesis of Sedimentary Carbonates Introduction Plate-Tectonic Controls on Diagenesis General Considerations for Early Non-Marine Diagenesis Major Types of Non-Marine Environments Water Chemistry Reactivity of Sedimentary Carbonates Major Phase Transformations The Transformation of Aragonite to Calcite Dolomite Formation Summary Remarks Mass Transfer During Diagenesis General Considerations Geochemical Constraints on Mass Transfer Beachrock Formation Lithification in the Meteoric Environment Introduction The Meteoric Environment and Cement Precipitates Bermuda: A Case Study of a Meteoric Diagenetic Environment Introduction Geological Framework Limestone Chemistry and Isotopic Composition Water Chemistry Carbonate Mass Transfer A Brief Synthesis of Meteoric Diagenesis Diagenetic Stages Effect of Original Mineralogy Climatic Effects Rock-Water Relationships Mixed Meteoric-Marine Regime Concluding Remarks Chapter 8. Carbonates as Sedimentary Rocks in Subsurface Processes Introduction P,T, and X and Carbonate Mineral Stability Subsurface Water Chemistry in Sedimentary Basins Continuous Processes Pressure Solution Dolomitization Mud to Spar Neomorphism Secondary Porosity Cementation in the Subsurface Examples of "Models" of Long-Term Diagenesis The Present Ocean Setting The Present Continental Setting Concluding Remarks Chapter 9. The Current Carbon Cycle and Human Impact Introduction Modern Biogeochemical Cycle of Carbon A Model for the Cycle of Carbon Methane and Carbon Monoxide Fluxes CO2 Fluxes Human Impact on Carbon Fluxes The Fossil Fuel and Land Use Fluxes Observed Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Increase Future'Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Trends Consequences of Increased Atmospheric CO2 Levels The Oceanic System Sources of Calcium, Magnesium, and Carbon for Modern Oceans Mass Balance of Ca, Mg, and C in Present Oceans Oceanic Mass Balance of Elements Interactive with Ca, Mg, and C Concluding Remarks Chapter 10. Sedimentary Carbonates in the Evolution of Earth's Surface Environment Introduction Sedimentary Rock Mass-Age Distributions Secular Trends in Sedimentary Rock Properties Lithologic Types Chemistry and Mineralogy Carbon Cycling Modeling Introduction and Development of a Global Model Glacial-Interglacial Changes of Carbon Dioxide Long-Term Changes of Atmospheric CO2 Phanerozoic Cycling of Sedimentary Carbonates Synopsis of the Origin and Evolution of the Hydrosphere-Atmosphere-Sedimentary Lithosphere Origin of the Hydrosphere The Early Stages The Transitional Stage Modern Conditions Concluding Remarks Epilogue Introduction The Road Traveled The State of the Art Ever Onward References Index

Note: Table of Contents: Preface. - Why Learn UNIX?. - How to Use This Book. - A Word About UNIX Versions. - Conventions Used in This Handbook. - Chapter 1 Introduction to the UNIX Operating System. - Logging In to UNIX. - UNIX Commands. - The UNIX File System. - Files and Filenames. - The File System's Structure. - Simple Commands for Working with Files. - Simple Commands for Working with Directories. - Wildcards. - File Access Permission. - Standard Input and Output. - Pipes. - Controlling Execution. - Stopping Programs. - Foreground and Background. - Running a Job at a Later Time. - Shell Programs. - Command Line Arguments. - Shell Variables. - Loops. - Conditionals. - Shell Customization. - Environment Variables. - Shell Variables. - Aliases. - Other Basic Tools. - Standard UNIX Documentation. - Online Help. - Chapter 2 Creating a FORTRAN Program with vi. - Invoking vi. - Retrieving Backup Versions. - Modes. - Text Mode. - Command Mode. - Moving Within a File. - Adding and Deleting Text. - Search Operations. - Moving Blocks of Text-Named Buffers. - Saving and Exiting. - Editing and Inserting Other Files. - Executing UNIX Commands from vi. - Other Features. - Options. - Pattern Matching. - Chapter 3 Compiling and Linking FORTRAN Programs. - FORTRAN Compilation. - Libraries. - Output Files. - make and the Compiler. - Compilation Options. - The Preprocessor. - Preprocessor Statements. - File Inclusion. - Conditional Compilation. - Comments. - Summary of Preprocessor Statements. - Assembling a FORTRAN Program. - Invoking the Assembler. - Linking FORTRAN Programs. - Invoking Id. - Linker Options. - Error Messages. - Creating Libraries. - Chapter 4 FORTRAN Working Environment. - FORTRAN I/O. - Default Filenames. - FORTRAN I/O Initialization. - Simple Character I/O. - File System Information. - Tape I/O. - UNIX System Calls and Functions. - Command Line Arguments. - Accessing the Environment. - Timing. - Mathematical Routines. - Executing UNIX Commands. - System Error Handling. - Installing Local Programs. - Chapter 5 Debugging FORTRAN Programs. - Source-level Debugging with dbx. - Compilation for dbx. - Starting dbx. - Basic dbx Commands. - Current File and Current Function. - Definitions and Conventions. - Advanced Features. - Debugging at the Assembly Level with adb. - Invoking adb. - adb Commands. - Executing a Program Under adb. - Working with Subroutines and Functions. - Working with Common Blocks. - Modifying Values. - Some Hints. - Chapter 6 Automatic Compilation with make. - Creating a makefile. - Dependencies. - Abbreviations and Macros. - Search Directories. - Default Compilation Rules. - Invoking make. - Convenient Flags. - make and RCS. - A Note on Source Files. - Error Messages. - Some Final Notes. - Chapter 7 Source Management with RCS. - Revision Trees. - Basic Operations. - RCS Directories and Files. - The Revision Log. - Identification Strings. - Strict Access. - More About Checking In. - New and Old Generations. - Other Features. - States. - Names. - Changing a File's Description. - Access Lists. - Chapter 8 Program Timing and Profiling. - Simple Timings. - Introduction to Profiling. - Preparing a Program for Profiling. - Name Handling. - Generating a Profile with gprof. - Interpreting a Profile from gprof. - The Flat Profile. - The Call Graph Profile. - Profiling with prof. - Appendix A Extensions and Oddities: UNIX Compatibility Issues. - UNIX FORTRAN Compilers. - UNIX Extensions. - Data Types. - Constants. - Tab Formatting. - File Inclusion. - I/O Extensions. - Intrinsic Functions. - Extensions to Avoid. - Quirks. - Save Status and Zero Initialization. - Common Block Padding. - Argument Matching. - Capitalization. - Listings. - Miscellaneous. - Appendix B Programs Mixing FORTRAN and C. - Calling C Procedures from FORTRAN. - Naming. - Arguments to Procedures. - Appendix C Data Representations. - Data Representations. - Storage Layout. - Integer Representation. - Logicals. - Floating-Point Numbers. - Single Precision (REAL, REAL*4). - Double Precision. - COMPLEX. - Error Conditions. - Appendix D UNIX Error Numbers and Signals. - General UNIX Error Numbers. - FORTRAN-Specific Error Numbers. - Signals. - Index.

Note: Beiträge teilweise Deutsch, teilweise Englisch, teilweise Spanisch

Note: Contents: Introduction. - Legend. - Chapter 1. Basic Directions of Snow and Ice Thermal Physics Study. - 1. Analysis of traditional theoretical and experimental methods. - 2. New methodological point of view on the thermal physics of snow-ice masses. - 3. Conditions of initial data. - 4. Complex heat transfer within the system "space-atmosphere-earth surface". - 5. Optical and thermophysical properties of snow and ice. - Chapter 2. General Statement of the Problem of Radiative Thermophysics. - 1. Absorption and scattering of light in optical-heterogeneous media. - 2. Optical phenomenological models and parameters of radiation transfer in light-scattering media (LSM). - 3. Distribution of absorbed radiation flux in the unlimited layer of LSM. - 4. Optical models and snow and ice characteristics as LSM ones. - 5. Influence of boundary conditions upon thermal regime of lightscattering snow-ice layer. - 6. Statements of basic problems of radiative thermal physics of snow and ice. - Chapter 3. Thermal Regime of Snow-Ice Cover. - 1. Estimation of heat processes characteristics of snow-ice covers. - 2. Oscillating external sources. - 3. Radiative-conductive mechanism of snow and ice heating. - 4. Thermal regime of combined snow-ice layers. - 5. Melting in snow-ice media under conditions of radiative heat transfer. - 6. Thermo-radiative heating and balance of the upper part of active layer of antarctic snow-ice covers. - Chapter 4. The Model of Metamorphic Evolution of Snow and Ice. - 1. Influence of radiation fluxes upon icy crystals of snow cover. - 2. Mechanism of sublimation under forming of snow cover. - 3. Phenomenological picture of sublimation in snow medium. - 4. The model of radiative-thermal regime under sublimation. - 5. Thermal regime of snow and ice under conditions of evaporation and condensation. - 6. On nature of snow and ice metamorphism. - Chapter 5. Radiative Thermophysics of Snow-Ice Masses in Practical utilization. - 1. Heat regime of snow-ice cover under thermoregulative film. - 2. Influence upon surface melting of glaciers. - 3. Antarctic experiments on artificial increase of ablation. - 4. Artificial increase of ablation control. - 5. Ecological aspects of artificial increase of ablation. - 6. Cooling in polar regions. - Chapter 6. Thermophysics of Antarctic Lakes. - 1. Natural conditions of oases. - 2. Types of antarctic lakes. - 3. One-dimensional heat problem. - 4. Simplification of the model. - 5. Thermal regime of fresh and saline lakes. - 6. Phenomenon of fresh-saline stratified lakes. - 7. Stationary model including mass transfer. - 8. Thermal regime of fresh-saline lake Vanda. - Chapter 7. Space Glaciology. - 1. Ice in Solar system. - 2. Radiative thermophysics of ice under cosmic conditions. - 3. Ice of cometary nuclei. - 4. Heat-balance models of 'radiative thermophysics of cometary nuclei. - Conclusion. - References. - Index. , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitende Übersicht 2. Nationale und internationale Zusammenarbeit 3. Forschungsarbeiten 3.1 Expeditionen 3.1.1 Arktisreise ARK V (April -August 1988) 3.1.2 Antarktisreise ANT VII (September 1988 - April 1989, EPOS: Die erste europäische Antarktisexpedition) 3.1.3 Arktisreise ARK VI (April - Juli 1989) 3.1.4 Antarktisreise ANT VII, 1-4 (August -Dezember 1989) 3.2 Arbeitsberichte der Sektionen 3.2.1 Biologie I (Zoologie) 3.2.2 Biologie II (Botanik und Mikrobiologie) 3.2.3 Chemie 3.2.4 Geologie 3.2.5 Geophysik 3.2.6 Physik des Ozeans und der Atmosphäre I (Feldstudien) 3.2.7 Physik des Ozeans und der Atmosphäre II (Modelle) 3.2.8 Meeresphysik und Meßwesen 3.3 Ausgewählte Forschungsthemen 4. Logistik 4.1 Antarktisstationen 4.2 Neubauprojekte 4.3 FS "Polarstern" und FS "Victor Hensen" 4.4 Polarflugzeuge und Hubschrauber 4.5 Allgemeine Logistik 4.6 Ingenieurprojekte 4.7 Internationale Einbindung 5. Zentrale Einrichtungen 5.1 Öffentlichkeitsarbeit 5.2 Bibliothek 5.3 Rechenzentrum 6. Personeller Aufbau und Entwicklung 6.1 Personal 6.2 Haushalt Anhang I Personal II Wissenschaftliche Veranstaltungen III Publikationen IV Veröffentlichungen V Abgeschlossene Examensarbeiten VI "Polarstern"-Expeditionen

Note: In schwedischer Sprache

Note: In kyrill. Schr.

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Einleitung. - 1.1 Entwicklung der Sprache FORTRAN 77. - 1.2 Erzeugung von ausführbaren Programmen. - 1.3 Bemerkungen zur Notation. - 2 Programmiertechniken. - 2.1 Programmplanung. - 2.2 Qualitätsanforderungen. - 3 Grundelemente von FORTRAN 77. - 3.1 Grundsymbole und Bezeichner. - 3.2 Aufbau eines FORTRAN 77-Programms. - 3.2.1 Aufbau einer Programmeinheit. - 3.2.2 Codierung einer Programmzeile. - 3.2.3 Beispiele zu den einzelnen Zeilenarten. - 3.3 Die Standardtypen. - 3.3.1 Der Standardtyp INTEGER. - 3.3.2 Der Standardtyp REAL. - 3.3.3 Der Standardtyp DOUBLE PRECISION. - 3.3.4 Der Standardtyp COMPLEX. - 3.3.5 Der Standardtyp LOGICAL. - 3.3.6 Der Standardtyp CHARACTER. - 3.3.7 Der Zeichenkettentyp. - 3.4 Variablen der Standardtypen. - 3.4.1 Vorbemerkungen. - 3.4.2 Vereinbarungen. - 3.4.3 Typ Vereinbarungen. - 3.4.4 Konstantendefinitionen. - 3.4.5 Vereinbarung von Feldern. - 3.5 Ausdrücke in den Standardtypen. - 3.5.1 Allgemeine Regeln zur Formelauswertung. - 3.5.2 Arithmetischer Ausdruck. - 3.5.3 Logischer Ausdruck. - 3.5.4 Zeichenkettenausdruck. - 3.5.5 Einschränkungen für die Standardfunktionen. - 3.5.6 Beispiel zur Darstellung von Ausdrücken. - 4 Elementare Anweisungen. - 4.1 Statisches und dynamisches Programmende. - 4.2 Wertzuweisungen. - 4.3 Bedingte Anweisungen. - 4.3.1 Die logische IF-Anweisung. - 4.3.2 Die Block-IF-Anweisung. - 4.4 Sprunganweisungen. - 4.4.1 Einfache Sprunganweisung. - 4.4.2 Arithmetische IF-Anweisung. - 4.4.3 Berechnete Sprunganweisung. - 4.4.4 Gesetzte Sprunganweisung. - 4.4.5 Markenzuweisung. - 4.5 Ein-/Ausgabeanweisungen. - 4.5.1 Die READ-Anweisung. - 4.5.2 Die WRITE-Anweisung. - 4.5.3 Die PRINT-Anweisung. - 4.6 Schleifen. - 4.7 Programmbeispiele. - 4.7.1 Elektrischer Widerstand eines Leiters. - 4.7.2 Impedanz einer RL-Reihenschaltung. - 4.7.3 Reihenentwicklung einer Funktion. - 4.7.4 Berechnung der Zahl e. - 4.7.5 Lösung einer quadratischen Gleichung. - 4.7.6 Berechnungen zum schiefen Wurf. - 5 Unterprogramme. - 5.1 Formelfunktionen. - 5.2 Functions. - 5.3 Subroutines. - 5.4 Bemerkungen zur Unterprogrammtechnik. - 6 Ein-/Ausgabeformate. - 6.1 Formate für numerische Daten. - 6.1.1 Formate für Variablen vom Typ INTEGER. - 6.1.2 Formate für Festpunktdarstellung. - 6.1.3 Formate für Gleitpunktdarstellung. - 6.1.4 Formate für normierte Festpunktdarstellung. - 6.1.5 Formate für Variablen vom Typ COMPLEX. - 6.2 Formate für nichtnumerische Daten. - 6.2.1 Formate für Variablen vom Typ LOGICAL. - 6.2.2 Formate für Zeichenketten. - 6.2.3 Weitere Formatierungsmöglichkeiten. - 6.3 Hinweise zu den Formatvereinbarungen. - 7 Speicherplatzverwaltung. - 7.1 Grundüberlegungen. - 7.2 Datenaustausch. - 7.3 Initialisierung von Variablen. - 7.3.1 Die DATA-Anweisung. - 7.3.2 BLOCK DATA-Programmeinheiten. - 8 Dateiverwaltung. - 8.1 Zugriff auf externe Dateien. - 8.2 Die OPEN-Anweisung. - 8.3 Die CLOSE-Anweisung. - 8.4 Schreiben und Lesen von externen Dateien. - 8.5 Positionierung sequentieller Dateien. - 8.6 Ermitteln von Dateieigenschaften. - 8.7 Interne Dateien. - 9 Ergänzungen zur Programmierung. - 9.1 Spracherweiterungen. - 9.1.1 Strukturanweisungen. - 9.1.2 Erweiterte Vereinbarungen. - 9.1.3 Sonstige Erweiterungen. - 9.1.4 Zusätzliche Functions. - 9.1.5 Zusätzliche Subroutines. - 9.2 Geplante Spracherweiterungen. - 9.3 Häufige Fehler. - 9.3.1 Fehlermeldungen des Compilers. - 9.3.2 Fehlermeldungen des Betriebssystems. - 9.4 Änderungen zu FORTRAN IV. - A Ausgewählte Beispiele. - A.1 Inversion einer Zeichenkette. - A.2 Häufigkeit eines Zeichens. - A.3 Dateistatistik. - A.4 Umwandlung von Zeichenfolgen. - A.5 Darstellung eines Funktionsgraphen. - A.6 Numerische Integration. - A.7 Sprungantwort eines PID-Reglers. - B Übersicht über die FORTRAN 77-Anweisungen.

Note: Beilage unter dem Titel: SCAR : Wissenschaftliches Komitee für Antarktisforschung , Beilage unter dem Titel: Deutsche Mitglieder in SCAR-Gruppen = German members in SCAR Groups , Beilage unter dem Titel: Corrigendum / German Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 12 - 1990 , Beilage unter dem Titel: SCAR Bulletin : No. 99, October 1990 ; Stations of SCAR nations operating in the Antarctic, winter 1990 , CONTENTS: I. National Committee for Antarctic Research, and National Operating Organization/Agency. - II. Map of Stations. - Ill. Permanent Observatories, Regular Observations and Long-term Monitoring. - IV. Report on Highlights of Science Activities from Previous Reporting Period (1 Oct. 89 - 31 March 90). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences. - V. List of Permits and Rationale for Entry into SPAs and SSSIs. - VI. Prospectus of Planned Activities for Coming Reporting Period (1 April 90 - 31 March 91). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences. - VII. Future Activities Planned & Funded (beyond 31 March 91). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences. - VIII. Bibliography. - IX. List of Principal Investigators and Responsible Authorities.

Note: CONTENTS Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Field experiments Test location and test sites Test vehicles Test procedures Results CIV traction and motion resistance Wheels/trackcs vehicles traction and motion resistance Shear annulus device Accuracy and limitations of data Snow conditons Analysis Determination of snow strength parameters Traction analysis Traction model predictions Resistance analysis Resistance model predictions Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Shallow snow mobility model, version 1.0 Appendix B: Test vehicle data Appendix C : Selected test data Appendix D : Snow data Appendix E: Shallow snow mobility model code, version 2.0 Abstract

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort Einleitung Die Erde als globales System Die Bausubstanz Einleitung Die Atmosphäre Die Hydrosphäre Die Kryosphäre Die Geosphäre Die Biosphäre Kreisläufe Einleitung Der Wasserkreislauf Bio-geochemische Kreisläufe Natürliche Veränderungen Einleitung Maßgebliche Veränderungen in unterschiedlichen Zeitskalen Die Folgen der zivilisatorischen Entwicklung Signale einer gestörten Natur Einleitung Die veränderte Umwelt Das Problem der wachsenden Weltbevölkerung Die Weit von Morgen Einleitung Klimamodelle und ihre Grenzen Leben in einem Treibhaus Forschung auf der Suche nach Spuren und Lösungen Die Herausforderung an die Wissenschaft Einleitung Leitlinien für ein Programm zur Erforschung globaler Veränderungen Wissenschaft und Politik greifen die Herausforderung auf: Internationale und nationale Forschungsprogramme Einleitung Internationale Ansätze Beiträge zur Global Change Thematik im Rahmen nationaler Projekte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Quellenverzeichnis: Abbildungen

Note: Inhalt: Das unüberwindbare Eischaos. - Unterwegs auf dem eigenen Schatten. - Eine Stunde unter Menschen. - Der Blizzard greift an. - Frische Eisbärenspuren im Eis. - Lebensweg eines Abenteurers. - Begegnung im Nirgendwo. - Die Polfalle, Träume und immer wieder das Eislabyrinth. - Knapp am Tod vorbei. - Ein arktisches Rodeo. - Das weiße Tor am Schwarzen Fluß. - Im Zauberkreis des Nordpols.

Note: Contents Julian A. Dowdeswell and James D. Scourse: Preface --- Julian A. Dowdeswell and James D. Scourse: On the description and modelling of glacimarine sediments and sedimentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:1-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.01 --- G. S. Boulton: Sedimentary and sea level changes during glacial cycles and their control on glacimarine facies architecture / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:15-52, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.02 --- Ross D. Powell: Glacimarine processes at grounding-line fans and their growth to ice-contact deltas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:53-73, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.03 --- Ellen A. Cowan and Ross D. Powell: Suspended sediment transport and deposition of cyclically interlaminated sediment in a temperate glacial fjord, Alaska, U.S.A. / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:75-89, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.04 --- Eugene W. Domack: Laminated terrigenous sediments from the Antarctic Peninsula: the role of subglacial and marine processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:91-103, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.05 --- Robert Gilbert: Rafting in glacimarine environments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:105-120, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.06 --- Julian A. Dowdeswell and Tavi Murray: Modelling rates of sedimentation from icebergs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:121-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.07 --- Paul R. Carlson, Terry R. Bruns, and Michael A. Fisher: Development of slope valleys in the glacimarine environment of a complex subduction zone, Northern Gulf of Alaska / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:139-153, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.08 --- Alec E. Aitken: Fossilization potential of Arctic fjord and continental shelf benthic macrofaunas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:155-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.09 --- James P. M. Syvitski, K. William G. LeBlanc, and R. E. Cranston: The flux and preservation of organic carbon in Baffin Island fjords / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:177-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.10 --- Ian J. Fairchild and Baruch Spiro: Carbonate minerals in glacial sediments: geochemical clues to palaeoenvironment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:201-216, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.11 --- C. M. T. Woodworth-Lynas and J. Y. Guigné: Iceberg scours in the geological record: examples from glacial Lake Agassiz / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:217-233, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.12 --- Jens Bischof, Joachim Koch, Michaela Kubisch, Robert F. Spielhagen, and Jörn Thiede: Nordic Seas surface ice drift reconstructions: evidence from ice rafted coal fragments during oxygen isotope stage 6 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:235-251, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.13 --- Anders Solheim, Lars Russwurm, Anders Elverhøi, and Mona Nyland Berg: Glacial geomorphic features in the northern Barents Sea: direct evidence for grounded ice and implications for the pattern of deglaciation and late glacial sedimentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:253-268, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.14 --- Tore O. Vorren, Erland Lebesbye, and Kjell B. Larsen: Geometry and genesis of the glacigenic sediments in the southern Barents Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:269-288, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.15 --- D. Huddart and J. D. Peacock: Early Holocene morainal bank sedimentology and marine ecology, Skjoldungebrae gorge, North Scoresby Land, East Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:289-305, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.16 --- Rodney L. Stevens: Proximal and distal glacimarine deposits in southwestern Sweden: contrasts in sedimentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:307-316, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.17 --- A. R. Lord: The Pleistocene—Holocene transition in Southwestern Sweden and the recognition of deglaciation effects in adjacent seas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:317-328, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.18 --- J. D. Scourse, W. E. N. Austin, R. M. Bateman, J. A. Catt, C. D. R. Evans, J. E. Robinson, and J. R. Young: Sedimentology and micropalaeontology of glacimarine sediments from the Central and Southwestern Celtic Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:329-347, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.19 --- M. S. Stoker: Glacially-influenced sedimentation on the Hebridean slope, northwestern United Kingdom continental margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:349-362, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.20 --- Carolyn H. Eyles and Martin B. Lagoe: Sedimentation patterns and facies geometries on a temperate glacially-influenced continental shelf: the Yakataga Formation, Middleton Island, Alaska / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:363-386, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.21 --- A. C. M. Moncrieff and M. J. Hambrey: Marginal-marine glacial sedimentation in the late Precambrian succession of East Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53:387-410, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.22

Note: Contents: 1 Introduction. - 2 Time Scales and Ages. - 2.1 Absolute Time Scales. - 2.2 Relative Time Scales. - 2.3 Physical and Chemical Time Scales. - 3 Selection, Collection, Packing, Storage, Transport,and Description of the Samples. - 3.1 Selection and Collection of the Samples. - 3.2 Packing, Storage, and Transport of the Samples. - 3.3 Sample Description. - 4 Treatment and Interpretation of the Raw Data. - 4.1 Suitability of a Sample for Dating and Reliabilityof the Dates. - 4.1.1 Soft-Rock Dating. - 4.1.2 Hard-Rock Dating. - 4.1.3 Isotope Geochemistry. - 4.2 Mathematical Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Age Data. - 4.2.1 Rules for Simple Calculations with the Dating Results; Statistical Tests. - 4.2.2 Comparison of Age Values. - 4.2.3 Numerical and Graphical Evaluation of Age Values. - 4.3 Publication of the Age Values. - 5 Physical Dating Methods. - 5.1 Principles. - 5.2 Sample Treatment and Measurement Techniques. - 5.2.1 Sample Treatment. - 5.2.1.1 Hard-Rock Samples. - 5.2.1.2 Soft-Rock Samples. - 5.2.2 Radioactivity Measurements: Decay Counting Methods. - 5.2.2.1 Gas-Filled Proportional and Geiger-Müller Counters. - 5.2.2.2 Scintillation Counters. - 5.2.2.3 Semiconductor Detectors. - 5.2.3 Measurement of Stable and Long-Lived Isotopes: Atom Counting Methods. - 5.2.3.1 Mass Spectrometry (MS). - 5.2.3.2 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). - 5.2.3.3 Resonance-Ionization Spectrometry (RIS). - 5.2.4 Other Analytical Techniques. - 5.2.4.1 Isotope Dilution Analysis (ID). - 5.2.4.2 Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA). - 5.2.4.3 Flame Photometry, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AA) and Inductive Coupled Plasma Analysis (ICP). - 5.2.4.4 Ion-Microprobe (IMP) and Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis (LAMMA). - 5.2.4.5 X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis (XRF) . - 6 Radiometric Dating Methods. - 6.1 Parent/Daughter Isotope Ratios as a Geochronometer. - 6.1.1 Potassium/Argon (40K/40Ar) Method. - 6.1.1.1 Conventional Potassium/Argon (40K/40Ar) Method. - 6.1.1.2 Argon/Argon (39Ar/40Ar) Method. - 6.1.2 Potassium/Calcium (40K/40Ca) Method. - 6.1.3 Rubidium/Strontium (87Rb/87Sr) Method. - 6.1.4 Lanthanum/Cerium (138La/138Ce) Method. - 6.1.5 Lanthanum/Barium (138La/138Ba) Method. - 6.1.6 Samarium/Neodymium (147Sm/143Nd) Method. - 6.1.7 Lutetium/Hafnium (176Lu/176Hf) Method. - 6.1.8 Rhenium/Osmium (187Re/187Os) Method. - 6.1.9 Uranium/Thorium/Lead Methods (238U/206Pb, 235U/207Pb and 232Th/208Pb Methods). - 6.1.10 Common Lead Method. - 6.1.11 Lead/Lead (207Pb/206Pb) Method. - 6.1.12 Chemical Lead Method. - 6.1.13 Lead/Alpha Method (Larsen Method). - 6.1.14 Krypton/Krypton (Krsf/Krn) Method. - 6.1.15 Xenon Methods. - 6.1.15.1 Uranium/Xenon (U/Xesf) Method. - 6.1.15.2 Xenon/Xenon (Xesf/Xen) Method. - 6.2 Dating with Cosmogenic Radionuclides. - 6.2.1 Radiocarbon (14C) Method. - 6.2.2 Tritium (3H) Methods. - 6.2.2.1 Classical Tritium (3H) Method. - 6.2.2.2 Tritium/Helium-3 (3H/3He) and Helium-3 (3He)Methods. - 6.2.3 Beryllium-10 (10Be) Method. - 6.2.4 Sodium-22 (22Na) Method. - 6.2.5 Aluminium-26 (26Al) Method. - 6.2.6 Silicon-32 (32Si) Method. - 6.2.7 Chlorine-36 (36Cl) Method. - 6.2.8 Argon-39 (39Ar) Method. - 6.2.9 Calcium-41 (41Ca) Method. - 6.2.10 Manganese-53 (53Mn) Method. - 6.2.11 Krypton-81 (81Kr) Method. - 6.2.12 Iodine-129 (129I) Method. - 6.2.13 Aluminium-26/Beryllium-10 (26Al/10Be) Method. - 6.2.14 Beryllium-10/Chlorine-36 (10Be/36Cl) Method. - 6.3 Dating Based on Radioactive Disequilibrium of the Uranium, Thorium, and Protactinium Decay Series: The Uranium/Thorium/Protactinium Methods. - 6.3.1 230Th/234U Method. - 6.3.2 231Pa/235U Method. - 6.3.3 231Pa/230Th Method. - 6.3.4 234U/238U Method. - 6.3.5 230Th-excess Method. - 6.3.6 231Pa-excess Method. - 6.3.7 230Th-excess/232Th or 230Th/238U Method. - 6.3.8 231Pa-excess/23Th-excess Method. - 6.3.9 234Th-excess Method. - 6.3.10 228Th-excess/232Th Method. - 6.3.11 Dating Methods Based on Supported 226Ra and Unsupported 226Ra. - 6.3.12 224Ra and 228Ra Methods. - 6.3.13 210Pb Method. - 6.3.14 Uranium/Helium (U/He) Method. - 6.3.15 Radium/Radon Method. - 6.4 Age Determination Using Radiation Damage. - 6.4.1 Thermoluminescence (TL) Method. - 6.4.2 Optical Dating (OSL) Method. - 6.4.3 Electron Spin Resonance (ESR or EPR) Method. - 6.4.4 Exo-Electron Method (TSEE Method). - 6.4.5 Thermally Stimulated Current (TSC) Method. - 6.4.6 Differential Thermoanalysis (DTA). - 6.4.7 Fission Track Method (FT Method). - 6.4.8 Alpha-Recoil Track Method. - 6.4.9 Age Determination Using Pleochroic Haloes. - 6.5 Dating Meteorites and Lunar Rocks. - 6.5.1 Introduction. - 6.5.2 Sample Preparation and Measurement. - 6.5.3 Formation Interval. - 6.5.4 Solidification Ages. - 6.5.5 Gas Retention Ages. - 6.5.6 Cosmic Ray Exposure Ages. - 6.5.7 Terrestrial Ages of Meteorites. - 7 Chronostratigraphic Methods Using Global Time Markers. - 7.1 Paleomagnetic Dating Methods. - 7.2 Chronostratigraphic Time-Scale Using [Delta] 18O Values. - 7.3 Chronostratigraphic Time-Scale Using [Delta] 34S and [Delta] 13C Values and 87Sr/86Sr Ratios. - 7.4 Artificial Radionuclides as Time Markers. - 7.5 Geochemical Time Markers. - 7.6 Chemical Pollution as Time Markers. - 8 Chemical Dating Methods. - 8.1 Amino-Acid Racemization Method (AAR). - 8.2 Amino-Acid Degradation Method. - 8.3 Dating of Bones Using the Nitrogen or Collagen Content. - 8.4 Chemical Electron-Spin-Resonance (ESR) Dating. - 8.5 Molecular (Protein and DNA) Clocks. - 8.6 Obsidian Hydration Method. - 8.7 Dating of Man-Made Glass. - 8.8 Calcium Diffusion and Cation-Ratio Methods. - 8.9 Dating of Bones Using the Fluorine or Uranium Content. - 9 Phanerozoic Time-Scale. - 9.1 Objectives and History of Geochronolgy. - 9.2 Geological Time-Scales. - 9.3 The Future. - 10 Literature. - 10.1 Journals that Frequently Publish Geochronological Papers. - 10.2 Geochronology Textbooks. - 10.3 References. - Acknowledgments. - Appendix A: Geochronology Glossary. - Appendix B: Radioactive and Stable Isotopes in Geochronology. - Appendix C: List of Addresses. - Subject Index. - Foldout Table: Dating Methods, Ranges, and Materials.

Note: Contents: 1 Introduction. - 2 Geology of the Floor of Bering and Chukchi Seas - American Studies. - 3 Late Quaternary Sediments of Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska. - 4 Quaternary Marine Transgressions in Alaska. - 5 Quaternary Geology of the Alaskan Shore of Chukchi Sea. - 6 Quaternary Geology of Western Seward Peninsula, Alaska. - 7 Paleogeography of Chukotka During Late Neogene and Quaternary Time. - 8 Radiocarbon Chronology in Siberia. - 9 Neogene and Early Quaternary Vegetation of Northwestern North America and Northeastern Asia. - 10 Quaternary Vegetational History of Arctic Alaska. - 11 Vegetation of Eastern Siberia During the Anthropogene Period. - 12 Distribution, Ecology, and Cytology of the Ogotoruk Creek Flora and the History of Beringia. - 13 Mammal Remains of Pre-Wisconsin Age in Alaska. - 14 On the Origin of the Mammalian Fauna of Canada. - 15 The Effect of the Bering Land Bridge on the Quaternary Mammalian Faunas of Siberia and North America. - 16 Palearctic-Nearctic Mammalian Dispersal in the Late Cenozoic. - 17 The Stratigraphy of Tjbrnes, Northern Iceland, and the History of the Bering Land Bridge. - 18 Cenozoic Migrations of Marine Invertebrates Through the Bering Strait Region. - 19 Marine Mammals and the History of Bering Strai. - 20 Depth Changes in Bering Sea During the Upper Quaternary, as Indicated by Benthonic Foraminifera. - 21 Diatom Floras and the History of Okhotskand Bering Seas. - 22 On Migrations of Hunters across the Bering Land Bridge in the Upper Pleistocene. - 23 Human Migration and Permanent Occupation in the Bering Sea Area. - 24 The Cenozoic History of Beringia - A Synthesis. - General Index. - Index to Faunal and Floral Taxa.

Note: Contents: Foreword. - About the problems of eddy dynamics and energetics in the polar climate and atmospheric circulation research / E. G. Nikiforov, V. F. Romanov. - About theoretical models of the localized quasigeostrophic eddies in the atmosphere and ocean / V. M. Grianik. - The diagnostic investigations of synoptic eddy energetics of the atmosphere / V. E. Lagun. - About averaged discription of the general atmospheric circulation / V. F. Romanov. - About meridional transfere of the atmospheric synoptic eddies / V. A. Bogomolov. - About motion of the pair eddies on the "betta-Plane" / M. V. Kurgansky. - About the hydromechanical model of the synoptic atmospheric eddies transfere / B. Ya. Shmerlin. - The numerical model of the synoptic eddies in the baroclinic atmosphere / S. A. Soldatenko, Yu. L. Matveev. - The thermodynamical relations for discription of the macroscale eddy transports of heat, moisture and momentum in the climate models / V. K. Petukhov. - About effects of latend condensation heat the frontogenesis: the simple humid semigeostrophical model / L. T. Matveev, S. A. Soldatenko. - About one version of the parametrization of the horizontal eddy transports of the angular momentum and moisture in the climate simulations / O. S. Sorokovicova. - About simulations of the longstanding climate regime of the dynamics and energetics of the general atmospheric circulations in the southern hemisphere / A. Yu. Poroshin, V. F. Romanov. - The simple model of the orographic effects the components of the momentum vector / I. A. Pisnichenko. - About long-term flactuations of the low-frequency spectral modes of the geopotential H500 in the southern hemisphere / M. P. Evseev, D. A. Golev. - About the climatic eddy dinamical potential in the two-dimensional baroclinic diabatic atmosphere / V. F. Romanov. - The simulation of the long-term climate dynamics / M. Ya. Verbitsky. - The simple parametrization of the atmospheric boundary layer over the land / A. P. Oreshko, I. A. Vasiuta. - The upper ocean layer reaction and the climate reluxation / A. V. Ganopolsky ; G. L. Stenchikov. - The diagnosis of the peculiaritys of annual variations of the climate fields in the atmosphere / I. I. Mokhov. - About the dynamical structure of the anomalies and the structure of the anomalies of the sources in the low latitudes / V. N. Kruptchatnikov. - About the kinetic energy budget for synoptic eddies in the atmosphere of the southern hemisphere / V. E. Lagun, A. I. Yazev. - The experience of utilization of the FGGE GARP data level 3-b for the atmospheric eddy dynamics and energetics research / A. I. Yazev. - The peculiarities of the energy exchange for zonal and meridional types of the atmospheric circulations / M. M. Chumakov. , In kyrill. Schr. - Mit engl. Abstract und Zsfassung

Note: Contents: Volume I Earth Sciences. - Geological research of the German Democratic Republic in Antarcitca - a review / J. Hofrnann ; H.-J. Paech ; D. Fritzsche. - Structural evolution of the Ross Sea depression and the adjacent Transantarctic Mountains (Abstract) / F. Tessensohn. - Evolutionary types of sedimentary basins of the continental margin, Antarctica (Abstract) / V. V. Traube. - Age determination on detrital zircons of West Antarctica - A contribution to the reconstruction of Gondwana / W. P. Loske ; H. Miller. - Geological relations between Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica and South India / W. Stackebrandt. - The Proterozoic evolution of New Schwabenland and its correlation with the southern part of Africa (Abstract) / K. Weber ; N. Arndt ; J. Jacobs ; M. Peters. - Stratigraphy, metamorphism and nappe-tectonics in the Shackleton Range (Antarctica) / W. Buggisch ; G. Kleinschmid t; H. Kreuzer ; S. Krumm. - Comments on 'Stratigraphy, metamorphics and nappetectonics in the Shackleton Range (Antarctica)' by Buggisch, W. et al. / H.-J. Paech. - The Lambert Rift development in East Antarctica - a review (Abstract) / J. Hofmann. - Sedimentological investigations in Permian deposits of the Beaver Lake area (Prince Charles Mts., East Antarctica) - First results / M. Mann. - Contributions to the geology of the south eastern Antarctic Peninsula (Abstract) / K.-P. Stanek ; W. Weber ; K. Rank ; K. Hahne. - Geological history of western Queen Maud Land / H.-J. Paech ; A. A. Laiba ; O. G. Shulyatin. - Late Proterozoic microbiota from the Turnpike Bluff Group, Shackleton Range (Abstract) / B. Weber. - Proterozoic fossil content in the Ahlmarmryggen Group, western Queen Maud Land: first preliminary results / B. Weber ; H.-J. Paech. - Geological evolution of the Schirmacher Oasis inclusively surrounding nunataks and the Central Wohlthat Massif (Abstract) / H. Kämpf et al. - Geological setting of the nunataks area south of the Schirmacher Oasis, Central Queen Maud Land / H.-U.Wetzel ; W. Stackebrandt ; K. Hahne. - Mineralizations in Central Queen Maud Land (Abstract) / H. Kämpf et al. - The petrographic characteristics of metamorphics in Queen Maud Land / G. Andrehs ; K. Adam. - Geochemical studies of tillites and boulders in Central Queen Maud Land (Abstract) / K. Hahne et al. - Oxygen isotope geochemistry of pegmatites from a high-grade metamorphic terrain (Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica): Preliminary results / Yu. A. Borshchevskiy et al. - Geodetical activities in the vicinity of the Georg Forster Station - Continuation of geodetic research tradition of the GDR in Antarctica / R. Dietrich ; R. Frey ; W. Korth. - Polar lights above the GDR Antarctic station "Georg Forster" (Abstract) / A. Grafe ; C. Kopsch. - Geomagnetical survey of the Schirmacher Oasis and its surroundings / St. Wagner ; C. Kopsch. - Effective offline-processing of complex geomagnetic and ionospheric data / St. Wagner ; V. Strecke. - A new measuring system for registration of geophysical signals on "Georg Forster" based on a 16-bit-multiprocessor structure (Abstract) / R.Rochlitzer Geomagnetic measuring techniques in Antarctica, both in field and stationary operation / C.Kopsch. - Atmospheric Sciences. - Antarctic research on the atmosphere and solar-terrestrial physics / M. J. Rycroft. - The polar ozone depletion in spring as a response to lower stratospheric changes in dynamics and chemistry / H. Gernandt ; P. Gloede. - Ground based aerosol optical thickness measurements in Antarctica from 1984/85 to 1988/89 / U. Leiterer ; A. Herber. - Some problems of the Atmospheric circulation over Antarctica / V. I. Zachariev. - Some results of middle atmosphere research Antarctica, Molodoshnaya station (Abstract) / I. N. Ivanova ; G. A. Kokin ; E. V. Lysenko et al.

Note: Volume II: Glaciology & Periglacial Processes. - Soviet-French cooperation on the isotopic research of cores from Dome B - Vostok - Komsomolskaya - Mirny ice taverse, East Antarctica / C. Lorius ; Ye. S. Korotkevich ; N. I. Barkov ; V. N. Petrov. - On the genesis of the Shackleton Ice Shelf according to oxygen-isotope data / L. Savatyugin; R. Vaikmäe. - G.D.R isotope research in Queen Maud Land (Abstract) / R. Haberlandt. - Isotope data from ice-cored moraines suggest a higher ice sheet surface in Central Queen Maud Land (Antarctica) during cold stages / W.-D. Hermichen ; P. Kowski ; R. Vaikmäe. - An oxygen-18 thermometer from snow of Northern Queen Maud Land / Antarctica / W.-D. Hermichen ; P. Kowski ; R. Vaikmäe. - Initial processes of pedogenesis in the Schirmacher Oasis (Abstract) / W. Krüger ; J. Balke. - Periglacial of Antarctic continent as a source of paleoglacial information / V. I. Bardin. - Sea Ice Analysis. - The major features of ice conditions in the Bellingshausen Sea / V. V. Yevsyeyev. - The duration of the cycle of the Atlantic ice massif existence and typification of the processes causing its isolation / A. M. Kozlovsky. - Hydrology. - The hydrography of the Schirmacher Oasis (Abstract) / W. Richter. - Meteorological and hydrological conditions of meltwater genesis and distribution in Antarctica / A. Loopmann. - Hydrochemical and isotope hydrological investigations in the Bunger Oasis / E. Kaup ; V. Klokov ; R. Vaikmäe ; D. Haendel ; R. Zierath. - Extremely C-13 enriched biomass in a freshwater environment: examples from Antarctic lakes / U. Wand ; K. Mühle. - Biology & Human Biology. - Das Meereis als Lebensraum / G.Hernpel Das biologische Programm "Bellingshausen" - Bericht über die vergangenen 10 Jahre und die Konzeption künftiger Forschungsarbeit / H.Oehme. - Ecological studies in the southern gigant petrel Macronectes giganteus on southwestern parts of King George Island / H.-U. Peter ; M. Kaiser ; A. Gebauer. - Development, torpor and energy balance of black-bellied storm-petrel chicks (Fregatta tropica) (Abstract) / T. Nadler ; H. Mix. - Morphometrical and ecological differences between south polar and brown skuas of Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands / H.-U. Peter ; M. Kaiser ; A. Gebauer. - Behavioural biology of the Antarctic tern Sterna vittata (Gmelin, 1789) / A. Gebauer ; M. Kaiser ; H.-U. Peter. - Thermoregulation in the Antarctic tern Sterna vittata (Gmelin, 1789) / M. Kaiser ; A. Gebauer ; H.-U. Peter. - Parasitiological studies in the Antarctic by scientists from the G.D.R / K. Feiler. - New Amphipods from the sublittoral of King George Island - Faunistic contribution to ecological investigations / M. Rauschert. - The freshwater algae of the Schirmacher Oasis - Queen Maud Land / H. Pankow ; D. Haendel ; H. Richter. - The lichens of the Schirmacher Oasis (East Antarctica) / W. Richter. - The bryoflora of the Schirmacher Oasis (East Antarctica) in relations to hydrosphere and cryosphere / W. Richter. - The animals of the Schirmacher Oasis (East Antarctica) / W. Richter ; D. Haendel ; P. Junghans. - Indoor climate and long-time-stays in Arctic and Antarctic regions (Abstract) / W. Bischof ; G. Schrader ; L. Banhidi. - Do psychical factors have an influence on the immunofunction of polar researchers and how could objective evidence be obtained? / F. Wietschel ; G. Schrader.

Note: Contents: General remarks on some geomedical problems in Arctic and Subarctic regions / J. Låg. - Geochemical mapping in northernmost Fennoscandia / B. Bølviken, R. T. Ottesen and R. Nilsen. - Atmospheric fallout of heavy metals in northern Norway / E. Steinnes. The chemistry of drinking waters in northern regions of Norway and some health aspects / T. P. Flaten. Human metal exposure, tissue accumulation and health effects among non-ferrous smelter workers in northern Sweden / G. Nordberg, L Gerhardsson and B. Lagerkvist. - Contamination of natural surrounding by heavy metals and ecological effects / T. D. Makarova and T. I. Moiseenko. - The regularities of the heavy metals accumulation in organism systems of fresh water fishes and pathological processes / T. I. Moiseenko and L. P. Kudratsjeva. - Features of harmful effects caused by air pollution on human and animal in cold / V. P. Chatchin. - The influence of selenium deficiency in environment on human health in Northeast China / Tan Jianan. - Methylmercury in northern Canada / C. Dumont and T. Kosatsky. - FAO European cooperative network on the trace elements. Activities concerning geomedical problems / H. Bergseth. - Trace element status in relation to aspects of animal health in northern regions of Norway / A. Frøslie. - Thyroid cancer: High risk areas in northern Norway / E. Glattre, S. Ø. Thoresen and J. W. Jebsen. - Selenium and human health in northern Norway / J. Ringstad. - Cadmium and lead concentrations in Norwegian reference population groups / J. Clench-Aas. - Some essential and toxic elements in Swedish diets / L. Jorhem. - Cancer in Pasvik. Pollution from Nikell. A connection? / H. G. Sunde and T. Haldorsen. - Serum selenium in patients with ankylosing spondylitis / J. Aaseth, Y. Thomassen and O. Vinje. - Lead in bone in smelter workers / L. Gerhardsson, D. Chettle, V. Englyst, G. F. Nordberg, M. Scott and A. Todd. - Correlation of cancer incidence with geochemistry in subarctic Finland / R. Riispanen. - The disturbance of renal calcium metabolism induced by metallothionein / T. Jin, P. Leffler and G. Nordberg. - Cadmium in Svalbard reindeer / G. Norheim and K. Nilssen. - Svalbard: Trace elements in liver from eider / G. Norheim and B. Borch-Johnsen. - Trace elements in reindeer and sheep from Sør-Varanger, Finnmark. A preliminary study / A. Frøslie. - List of participants.

Note: Masterarbeit, Queen's University (Kingston, Ont.), 1990 , TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ACKOWLEDGEMENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose of Study 1.2 Site Description 1.2.1 Climate 1.2.2 Geology 1.2.3 Late Cenozoic Evolution of the Queen Elizabeth Islands 1.2.4 Origin of Colour Lake 1.2.5 Lake and Basin Morphometry and Morphology CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 General Arctic Limnology 2.1.1 Thermal Regimes and Circulation 2.1.2 Biological Limnology 2.2 Sedimentation in Arctic Lakes 2.2.1 Sedimentary Processes 2.2.2 Deposits 2.3 Phycology and Paleophycology of High Arctic Lakes CHAPTER 3: METHODS 3.1 Basin Factors 3.1.1 Weather 3.1.2 Stream Sampling 3.1.3 Snowmelt, Depth of Ground Thaw, and Soil parameters 3.1.4 Measurement of Mass Wasting 3.2 General Limnology 3.3 Sediment Sampling and Analysis 3.3.1 Sediment Collection 3.3.2 Sediment Analysis 3.3.3 Microfossil Analysis 3.3.3.1 Diatoms and Chrysophytes 3.3.3.2 Chironomids CHAPTER 4: RESULTS 4.1 Basin Factors 4.1.1 Weather 4.1.2 Stream Discharge and Water Quality 4.1.3 Snow, Active Layer Thickness, and Soil Parameters 4.1.4 Mass Wasting 4.1.4.1 Gelifluction survey 4.1.4.2 Mudflows and other Observations 4. 2 Limnology 4.2.1 General Limnology - 1987 4.2.1.1 Lake Temperature 4.2.1.2 Lake Chemistry 4.2.1.3 Water Stage 4.2.1.4 Suspended Sediment 4.2.1.5 Algae 4.2.2 General Limnology - 1988 4.3 Sedimentology 4.3.1 Surficial Sediments 4.3.1.1 Structure and Grain Size 4.3.1.2 Organic Matter 4.3.1.3 Microfossils 4.3.2 Long Cores 4.3.2.1 Structure and Grain Size 4.3.2.2 Organic Matter 4.3.2.3 Dating 4.3.2.4 Microfossils CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION 5.1 Basin Factors 5.1.1 Inflows 5.1.2 Mass Wasting 5.1.2.1 Rates of Soil Movement 5.1.2.2 Gelifluction as a Sediment Source 5.2 Limnology 5.3 Sedimentology 5.3.1 Recent Sedimentary Environment 5.3.2 Late Holocene Sedimentary Environment 5.3.2.1 Signal from Alluvial Fan River 5.3.2.2 Signal from Gelifluction 5.3.2.3 Signal from Lake Ice Cover 5.2.3.4 General Sedimentology 5.2.3.5 Paleophycology 5.3.3 Modelling Colour Lake Sedimentology . CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES APPENDIX A: CORRECTION OF TALL BURIED STAKES APPENDIX B: TEST OF EFFECT OF IGNITION BEFORE SEDIGRAPHING APPENDIX C: DIATOM SPECIES LIST APPENDIX D: SEDIMENT VOLUME IN A SMALL MUDFLOW APPENDIX E: ICE RECORD VITA

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS ECOLOGY 1 Sea ice: its formation, distribution and properties 2 Ice-associated ecosystems 3 Ice diatoms 4 Techniques for sampling sea-ice algae 5 The Antarctic planktonic ecosystem 6 Some aspects of the large-scale physical oceanography of the Arctic Ocean influencing biological oceanography 7 Arctic planktonic ecosystems 8 Arctic plankton diatoms: dominant species, biogeography 9 The paleontological significance of fossil diatoms from the high-latitude oceans TAXONOMY 10 Key to diatom families and glossary 11 Family Thalassiosiraceae Section 1: the genera Skeletonema, Pororsira, Bacterosira, and Detonula and the genus Thalassiosira from the Arctic Section 2: the genus Thalassiosira from the Antarctic 12 Family Leptocylindraceae: the genus Corethron 13 Family Coscinodiscaceae: the genus Stellarima 14 Family Hemidiscaceae: the genera Actinocyclus and Azpeitia 15 Family Rhizosoleniaceae: the genera Rhizosolenia and Proboscia 16 Family Biddulphiaceae: the genus Eucampia 17 Family Diatomaceae: the genera Thalassiothrix and Trichotoxon 18 Family Naviculaceae: Arctic species of the genera Diploneis, Gyrosigma, Haslea, Navicula, Pinnularia, Pleurosigma, Stauroneis and Stenoneis 19 Family Naviculaceae: the genera Plagiotropis, Manguinea, Membraneis, and Banquisia 20 Family Naviculaceae: the genus Pseudogomphonema 21 Family Auriculaceae and Bacillariaceae: the genera Auricula, Hantzschia, and Nitzschia 22 Family Bacillariaceae: the genus Nitzschia section Pseudonitzschia 23 Family Bacillariaceae: the genus Nitzschia section Nitzschiella 24 Family Bacillariaceae: the genus Nitzschia section Fragilariopsis BIBLlOGRAPHY