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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Albedo – the reflectivity of a surface - is an important component in the energy budget, impacting the local to global climate. Data from nadir-viewing satellites can be combined with bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) data from multi-angular observation platforms to achieve realistic albedo values that acknowledge anisotropy. In my thesis, I evaluated how the land surface albedo varied on spatial and temporal scales during the snow-free period on Disko Island, Greenland. I examined how the albedo differed among the vegetation classes. Concerning the methodology, I assessed how the combination of MODIS BRDF data with Landsat 8 (L8) or Sentinel-2 (S2) influenced the albedo. The study area was located at the southern tip of Disko Island (69.27 °N, -53.47 °E) in West Greenland and covered a wetland and a range of tundra vegetation. I analysed automatic weather station (AWS) data from 2013 to 2022 and conducted mobile albedo measurements in August and September 2022 to examine the temporal and spatial variability. For the period from June to September 2022, I derived the L8 and S2 based albedo with inclusion of MODIS BRDF and narrow to broadband conversion and analysed their variability with regard to vegetation classes. In the snow-free period, the albedo increased from a monthly mean of 0.16 in June to 0.19 in September in the AWS data. The mobile measurements ranged from 〈 0.10 above bare soil and water to 〉 0.23 above areas dominated by lichen, Salix glauca or Equisetum arvense. The satellite-based albedo revealed temporally variable, significant correlations to normalised difference vegetation and moisture indices that reached values 〉 0.5 in the fen and wet heath class on several days. The albedo of shrubs was not notably smaller than other vegetation types but partly 0.01-0.05 above them in both the mobile measurements and the satellite-derived albedo. This finding challenges the assumption that shrubification causes climate forcing in all circumstances. The albedo of L8 and S2 differed to each other and the local data (root-mean-square error 0.04-0.14). The BRDF correction increased the albedo by 0.01 on average compared to nadir reflectance. L8 was better in reproducing the expected temporal and spatial variability of albedo than S2, which displayed less variability. S2 seemed to be more sensitive to atmospheric effects of haze and clouds influencing albedo. Thus, L8 seemed more suitable to calculate albedo in the study area. Though there were some methodological limitations, this thesis highlights aspects that should be considered when analysing albedo or jointly using L8 and S2 in high latitude regions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Thesis , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Berlin [u.a.] : Borntraeger
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/SR 90.0077(7)
    In: Beiträge zur regionalen Geologie der Erde
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: XI, 230 S. + 4 Kt.-Beil., 2 Beil.
    Series Statement: Beiträge zur regionalen Geologie der Erde 7
    Language: German
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Es wurden moderne Methoden auf ihre Eignung zur Bestimmung von Fischlarven untersucht. Als Vorbereitung auf die Bestimmung wurden Formen und proportionales Wachstum von Fischlarven der Nordsee und angrenzender Gebiete untersucht. Dazu wurden an 831 Fischlarven aus 33 Arten und 18 Familien die folgenden Messungen durchgeführt: Standardlänge, Präanallänge, Präorbitallänge, Präpektorallänge, Augendurchmesser, Orbitalhöhe, Pektoralhöhe, Analhöhe, Pektoralbreite und Analbreite. Aus den Messungen wurde das Volumen der Larven errechnet. Die Formen von Larven mit einem Volumen zwischen 3 und 5 μl wurden verglichen. Es ergaben sich vier deutlich getrennte Formgruppen: "eel-like", "fusiform", "deep + compressed" und "tadpole-like". Bis auf die Gruppe "fusiform" zeigten alle Gruppen allometrisches Wachstum bei bestimmten Körperproportionen. Die mögliche ökologische Bedeutung dieser Gruppen wird diskutiert. Es wurden drei computergestützte Bestimmungssysteme entwickelt und getestet: Ein numerisches System, ein Expertensystem und eine moderne Datenbank. Als Beispiel einer Methode der numerischen Taxonomie wurde die Quadratische Diskriminanzanalyse untersucht. Dazu wurden aus den durchgeführten Messungen die Diskriminanzfunktionen errechnet und unbekannte Larven zunächst einer Formgruppe und dann einer Art innerhalb der Formgruppe zugeordnet. Die richtige Zuordnung bei dieser Methode betrug 82 % . Die numerische Taxonomie scheint damit zur Bestimmung von Fischlarven grundsätzlich geeignet zu sein. Allerdings ist zweifelhaft, ob genügend Fischlarven (30 - 100 pro Art) zum Aufbau des Systems erhältlich sind. Aufbauend auf dem HALBEISEN-Schlüssel zur Bestimmung von Fischlarven der Nordsee und angrenzender Gebiete wurde das Expertensystem IDEXSYS entwickelt. Es kann als moderne Form traditioneller Bestimmungsschlüssel betrachtet werden. Expertensysteme erweisen sich damit als gut geeignet zur Bestimmung von Fischlarven. Mit einem modernen Datenbankprogramm wurde ein Such- und Eingabeformular mit etwa 80 Merkmalen entwickelt. Alle in der Nordsee und den angrenzenden Gebieten vorkommenden 126 Fischlarvenarten wurden auf diese Merkmale überprüft und in die Datenbank eingegeben. Der Test des Systems ergab, daß durchschnittlich nur drei Merkmale zur Bestimmung einer Fischlarve erforderlich waren. Bei einem Vergleich der Methoden wird für die Bestimmung von Fischlarven dem Datenbanksystem der Vorzug gegeben.
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Highlights • Development of an autonomous DIC analyzer based on Conductometric technique using a cell with 4 hollow brass electrodes. • CO2 extraction from seawater using a gas diffusion cell with a “Tube In A Tube” configuration and a gas permeable membrane. • Formulation of mathematical temperature and salinity correction to determine accurate DIC concentration. • Demonstration of the analyzer performance in the southwest Baltic Sea. Abstract Background The increase in anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere since the industrial revolution has resulted in an increased uptake of CO2 by the oceans, leading to ocean acidification. Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) is one of the key variables to characterize the seawater carbonate system. High quality DIC observations at a high spatial-temporal resolution is required to improve our understanding of the marine carbonate system. To meet the requirements, autonomous DIC analyzers are needed which offer a high sampling frequency, are cost-effective and have a low reagent and power consumption. Results We present the development and validation of a novel analyzer for autonomous measurements of DIC in seawater using conductometric detection. The analyzer employs a gas diffusion sequential injection approach in a “Tube In A Tube” configuration that facilitates diffusion of gaseous CO2 from an acidified sample through a gas permeable membrane into a stream of an alkaline solution. The change in conductivity in the alkaline medium is proportional to the DIC concentration of the sample and is measured using a detection cell constructed of 4 hollow brass electrodes. Physical and chemical optimizations of the analyzer yielded a sampling frequency of 4 samples h−1 using sub mL reagent volumes for each measurement. Temperature and salinity effects on DIC measurements were mathematically corrected to increase accuracy. Analytical precision of ±4.9 μmol kg−1 and ±9.7 μmol kg−1 were achieved from measurements of a DIC reference material in the laboratory and during a field deployment in the southwest Baltic Sea, respectively. Significance This study describes a simple, cost-effective, autonomous, on-site benchtop DIC analyzer capable of measuring DIC in seawater at a high temporal resolution as a step towards an underwater DIC sensor. The analyzer is able to measure a wide range of DIC concentrations in both fresh and marine waters. The achieved accuracy and precision offer an excellent opportunity to employ the analyzer for ocean acidification studies and CO2 leakage detection in the context of Carbon Capture and Storage operations.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    In:  Natur und Landschaft : Zeitschrift für Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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