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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Im Frühjahr dieses Jahres wurde von der Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, dem Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland (BUND) und der Michael Succow Stiftung, Partner im Greifswald Moor Moorzentrum der „Mooratlas 2023 – Daten und Fakten zu nassen Klimaschützern“ herausgegeben (im August 2023 in der 4. Auflage erschienen). Auf 50 Seiten beschreiben 27 Autorinnen und Autoren Moore, ihre ökosystemare Bedeutung als Bestandteile der Naturlandschaft – mit Schwerpunkt auf ihrer Bedeutung als Kohlenstoffspeicher, für die Biodiversität und als einzigartige Lebensräume, als (land- und forstwirtschaftliche) Produktionsstandorte sowie die komplexen Zusammenhänge der Auswirkungen ihrer Melioration und Nutzung auf das Klima. Dazu wird in 19 doppelseitigen Beiträgen umfangreiches Zahlenmaterial dargeboten. Mit einem Verweis auf neue Nutzungsformen nasser Standorte, die Paludikultur, bietet der Mooratlas darüber hinaus Diskussionsansätze für eine zukünftige landwirtschaftliche Wertschöpfung mit positiven Auswirkungen. Damit liefern die Verfasserinnen und Verfasser einen Beitrag, der dazu führen soll, den Themenkomplex Moor, Moornutzung und Moorschutz und dessen Relevanz in der aktuellen Klimadebatte einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit zugänglich zu machen und ihm einen größeren Stellenwert in der gesellschaftspolitischen Diskussion zuteilwerden zu lassen. [...]
    Description: abstract
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:333.72 ; ddc:631.4 ; ddc:630.914 ; ddc:581.7 ; ddc:333 ; Moor ; Torf ; peatland ; peat
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 2
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    Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research | Newark, Delaware, USA
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This proceeding summarizes the discussions during the 49th SCOR Annual Meeting held in Guayaquil, Ecuador, 17-19 October 2023. This proceeding also provides information from and links to the background information submitted for review at the meeting, including the proposals for new working groups and the reports from current SCOR working groups, projects, capacity development activities, and affiliated and partner organizations, all of which were traditionally included in the SCOR Annual Meeting background book until 2019. All of these can also be accessed online through the SCOR website at: https://scor-int.org/events/scor-2023-annual-meeting/.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: SCOR
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 73pp.
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  • 3
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    The Royal Society
    In:  EPIC3Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, 376(1817), pp. 20200431-20200431, ISSN: 0962-8436
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The originally published version of this paper incorrectly listed Gregor Scheiffarth's affiliation as 8Institute for Chemistry and Biology of Marine Environments [ICBM]. It should instead be 5Lower SaxonWadden Sea National Park Authority, Virchowstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. This has been corrected on the publisher's website.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 4
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    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 50(1), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science & Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), 58(9), pp. 4302-4313, ISSN: 0013-936X
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The pollution of the marine environment with plastic debris is expected to increase, where ocean currents and winds cause their accumulation in convergence zones like the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). Surface-floating plastic (〉330 μm) was collected in the North Pacific Ocean between Vancouver (Canada) and Singapore using a neuston catamaran and identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Baseline concentrations of 41,600–102,700 items km–2 were found, dominated by polyethylene and polypropylene. Higher concentrations (factors 4–10) of plastic items occurred not only in the NPSG (452,800 items km–2) but also in a second area, the Papaha̅naumokua̅kea Marine National Monument (PMNM, 285,200 items km–2). This second maximum was neither reported previously nor predicted by the applied ocean current model. Visual observations of floating debris (〉5 cm; 8–2565 items km–2 and 34–4941 items km–2 including smaller “white bits”) yielded similar patterns of baseline pollution (34–3265 items km–2) and elevated concentrations of plastic debris in the NPSG (67–4941 items km–2) and the PMNM (295–3748 items km–2). These findings suggest that ocean currents are not the only factor provoking plastic debris accumulation in the ocean. Visual observations may be useful to increase our knowledge of large-scale (micro)plastic pollution in the global oceans.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The Arctic Ocean is experiencing unprecedented changes because of climate warming, necessitating detailed analyses on the ecology and dynamics of biological communities to understand current and future ecosystem shifts. Here, we generated a four-year, high-resolution amplicon dataset along with one annual cycle of PacBio HiFi read metagenomes from the East Greenland Current (EGC), and combined this with datasets spanning different spatiotemporal scales (Tara Arctic and MOSAiC) to assess the impact of Atlantic water influx and sea-ice cover on bacterial communities in the Arctic Ocean. Densely ice-covered polar waters harboured a temporally stable, resident microbiome. Atlantic water influx and reduced sea-ice cover resulted in the dominance of seasonally fluctuating populations, resembling a process of “replacement” through advection, mixing and environmental sorting. We identified bacterial signature populations of distinct environmental regimes, including polar night and high-ice cover, and assessed their ecological roles. Dynamics of signature populations were consistent across the wider Arctic; e.g. those associated with dense ice cover and winter in the EGC were abundant in the central Arctic Ocean in winter. Population- and community-level analyses revealed metabolic distinctions between bacteria affiliated with Arctic and Atlantic conditions; the former with increased potential to use bacterial- and terrestrial-derived substrates or inorganic compounds. Our evidence on bacterial dynamics over spatiotemporal scales provides novel insights into Arctic ecology and indicates a progressing Biological Atlantification of the warming Arctic Ocean, with consequences for food webs and biogeochemical cycles.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the composition of marine bacterial communities around the world, and to investigate bacterial isolates regarding the production of antibiotics. This included molecular analyses of marine bacterioplankton, as well as culture-based studies of marine bacterial isolates with antagonistic activity. The work was based on samples collected during the Galathea 3 and LOMROG-II marine research expeditions that have explored many different oceanic regions worldwide. A molecular survey of marine bacterioplankton at 24 worldwide stations investigated the abundance of major bacterial groups, potential biogeographical patterns, and their relation to environmental parameters. The original aim was to determine whether the composition of the total microbiota correlates with the occurrence of culturable bioactive bacteria. No such correlation was found. Quantitative community analyses showed latitudinal patterns in bacterial distribution, revealing significantly different relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, unclassified Bacteria and Vibrio between warmer and colder oceans. Absolute cell numbers of most bacterial groups were positively correlated with nutrient concentrations in warmer oceans, and negatively with oxygen saturation in colder oceans. The finding of differing communities in warmer and colder oceans underlined the presence of biogeographical patterns among marine bacteria and the influence of environmental parameters on bacterial distribution. Studies of antagonistic isolates focused on six bioactive Vibrionaceae isolated during Galathea 3. The six strains were identified as Vibrio coralliilyticus (two strains), V. neptunius (two strains), V. nigripulchritudo (one strain), and Photobacterium halotolerans (one strain) by sequencing of housekeeping genes. Chemical metabolite profiling underlined genetic relationships by showing highly similar production of secondary metabolites for each species. Two known antibiotics were purified; andrimid from V. coralliilyticus and holomycin from P. halotolerans. In addition, two novel cyclic peptides from P. halotolerans and a novel siderophore-like compound from V. nigripulchritudo were isolated. All three compounds interfere with quorum sensing in S. aureus. During LOMROG-II further seventeen strains with antagonistic activity were isolated, affiliating with the Actinobacteria (8 strains), Pseudoalteromonas (4 strains), the Vibrionaceae (3 strains), and Psychrobacter (2 strains). Seven of the eight bioactive Actinobacteria, being isolated from different sources throughout the Arctic Ocean, were related to Arthrobacter davidanieli. Its broad antibiotic spectrum was likely based on production of the known arthrobacilin antibiotics. The eighth actinomycete, tentatively identified as Brevibacterium sp., produces a potentially novel antimicrobial compound. Most studies of antagonistic marine bacteria have been conducted with the aim of isolating novel antimicrobials with potential clinical applications. However, little is known about production and role of these compounds in the natural environment. This thesis took one step in this direction and demonstrated that V. coralliilyticus S2052 produced its antibiotic andrimid when grown with chitin as the sole carbon source. Whilst the strain produced an array of secondary metabolites in laboratory media, it focused on andrimid production with chitin. This indicates that the antibiotic is likely produced in the natural habitat and may serve an ecophysiological function. The finding that two related strains from public culture collections do not produce andrimid and have different biosynthetic temperature optima suggested that V. coralliilyticus may comprise different subspecies with different niches. In summary, the present study shows biogeographical patterns of marine bacterioplankton on a global scale. In addition, the thesis work has demonstrated that marine Vibrionaceae and polar Actinobacteria are a resource of antibacterial compounds and may have potential for future natural product discovery.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Thesis , notRev
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Volcanic rocks are the prominent host rocks in geothermal and volcanic systems in general, displaying heterogeneity. Although various external factors such as temperature, pressure, time, fluid chemistry, and subsurface geology have been thoroughly researched regarding the source of hydrothermal minerals in geothermal fields, the effect of hydrothermal alteration on volcanic hosts is still controversial in the literature. This review compiles data on the physical and mechanical properties of the host rocks composing volcanic environments exhibiting hydrothermal alteration or remaining unaltered. The considered data is originated from hydrothermal areas from Kuril-Kamchatka (Russia), Los Humeros (Mexico), Ngatamaraki, Rotokawa, Kawerau and Ohakuri geothermal fields and Mt. Ruapehu, Mt. Taranaki, and Whakaari volcanoes (New Zealand), Solfatara (Italy), Reykjanes, Nesjavellir, and Theistarereykir geothermal fields (Iceland), La Soufrière de Guadeloupe (Caribbean) volcano, and Merapi volcano (Indonesia). Analysis of average values displayed in several graphical representations and correlations finds that dense rocks (such as lavas and intrusive rocks) exhibit greater competence and lower porosity than fragmental rocks. However, altered dense rocks display greater variability in mechanical properties compared to pyroclastic rocks, primarily influenced by mineral dissolution leading to rock weakening. Exceptions occur for high-temperature hydrothermal alteration, such as advanced silicification and propylitic alteration, with the latter influenced by minor types of alteration. Fragmental rocks have diverse behaviour with the extent of hydrothermal alteration and welding/compaction. According to the compiled data, an overall strengthening of pyroclastic rocks develops as hydrothermal alteration increases, regardless of the type of hydrothermal alteration. The complexity of hydrothermal systems, the variability shown by different hydrothermal settings and histories in terms of temperature, fluid chemistry and secondary mineral assemblage, and the variety of rock materials with different microstructures contribute to moderate correlations between properties compared to those established in an unaltered state. However, the same trends (linear, nonlinear, positive, negative) are preserved along hydrothermal alteration. This review emphasizes the significance of the type and degree of hydrothermal alteration, along with the rock type and pre-existence of fractures, in shaping the development of alteration in volcanic environments and modifying the properties of host rocks. The relevance of the review relies on the fact that these properties are considered to enhance the productivity of geothermal fields and improve the assessment of volcanic hazards. Future research is expected to expand on this groundwork.
    Description: In press
    Description: 104754
    Description: OSV4: Preparazione alle crisi vulcaniche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Hydrothermal alteration ; physical properties ; degree of hydrothermal alteration ; mechanical properties ; hydrothermal alteration facies ; intrusion-related geothermal systems ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: An earthquake sequence occurred in the Central Adriatic region during March–June 2021. This sequence started on 27 March with a mainshock of moment magnitude (Mw) 5.2 occurring at 13:47 coordinated universal time (UTC). No foreshock was observed before this mainshock. The sequence lasted approximately three months, until the end of June 2021. Approximately 200 seismic events were recorded by the regional seismic network during this time, including four M ≥ 4.0 earthquakes. The 27 March 2021 earthquake was one of the strongest instrumentally recorded events in the area bounded approximately by the Ancona–Zadar line to the north and the Gargano–Dubrovnik line to the south. The mainshock originated at a focal depth of 9.9 km. The seismicity spread from the mainshock up-dip and down-dip along a northeast-dipping plane. Here, we investigate the geometry of the fault activated by this seismic sequence by using sP depth phases. We aim to significantly reduce the large uncertainties associated with the hypocentral locations of offshore earthquakes beneath the Adriatic Sea—an area that plays a fundamental role in the geodynamics of the Mediterranean. These refined earthquake locations also allow us to make inferences with regards to the seismotectonic context responsible for the analyzed seismicity, thus identifying a structure (here referred to as the MidAdriatic fault) consisting of a northwest–southeast-striking thrust fault with a ∼ 35° northeast-dipping plane. The use of depth-phase arrival times to constrain off-network event locations is of particular interest in Italy due to both the peculiar shape of the peninsula and the extreme scarcity of seafloor stations, the cost and management of which are very expensive and complex. Here, we present the first attempt to apply this off-network locating technique to the Italian offshore seismicity research with the aim of improving hazard estimations in these hard-to-monitor regions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 480–493
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen vol. 17 no. 3, pp. 11-14
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Unter dem mir von Herrn Dr. F. P. Koumans freundlichst überlassenen Hemirhamphiden-Material des Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden ist eine Serie einer neuen Zenarchopterus-Art, die ich wegen der Form der Anale beim erwachsenen Männchen bezeichne als: Zenarchopterus xiphophorus nov. spec. Mus. Leiden:Belawan-Deli, Sumatra; 4 ♂ von 12.5, 12.5, 13.0, 13.5 cm; 2 ♀ von 13.0, 17.0 cm. ♂ D 15; A 10—11; P 11; V 6; Sq. 1. ca. 40. ♀ D 14; A 11—12; P 11; V 6; Sq. 1. ca. 40. Oberschnabel etwas breiter als lang; Länge sechs- bis siebenmal im Schnabelfortsatz enthalten. Analpapille beim ♂ gross mit besonderer Spitze, nicht beschuppt, ♀ ohne. Iriszipfel nicht mehr zu finden. ♂: Vierter D-Strahl verbreitert und um mehr als die Flossenhöhe verlängert; der 4. Strahl ist so stark gebogen, dass — wenigstens bei den erwachsenen konservierten Tieren — der Klunker des Strahlenendes neben dem Silberstreifen an der Körperseite liegt. ♂ A dreiteilig, im vorderen Teil 5 dünne Gliederstrahlen; 6. Strahl stark verdickt, verbreitert, gefiedert und etwa viermal so lang wie der 5., sodass das Ende des 6. bei erwachsenen ♂ noch weit über den Hinterrand der Caudale hinweg ragt. Bei den 12.5 cm langen ♂ überragt der 6. Strahl das C-Ende noch nicht, wohl aber die C-Basis. Im Gegensatz zu Z. brevirostris Gthr. legt sich bei der neuen Art der 6. Strahl nicht neben die Körperseite, sondern bleibt in der Flossenebene unterhalb der Unterkante des Fisches. Hinter dem verlängerten und verbreiterten 6. Strahl folgen der 7.—10. (11.) A-Strahl als selbständiges Flösschen von
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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