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  • 1
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    Mating genes in Calonectria and evidence for a heterothallic ancestral state (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 163-176
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-07
    Description: The genus Calonectria includes many important plant pathogens with a wide global distribution. In order to better understand the reproductive biology of these fungi, we characterised the structure of the mating type locus and flanking genes using the genome sequences for seven Calonectria species. Primers to amplify the mating type genes in other species were also developed. PCR amplification of the mating type genes and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses were used to investigate the mating strategies and evolution of mating type in a collection of 70 Calonectria species residing in 10 Calonectria species complexes. Results showed that the organisation of the MAT locus and flanking genes is conserved. In heterothallic species, a novel MAT gene, MAT1-2-12 was identified in the MAT1-2 idiomorph; the MAT1-1 idiomorph, in most cases, contained the MAT1-1-3 gene. Neither MAT1-1-3 nor MAT1-2-12 was found in homothallic Calonectria (Ca.) hongkongensis, Ca. lateralis, Ca. pseudoturangicola and Ca. turangicola. Four different homothallic MAT locus gene arrangements were observed. Ancestral state reconstruction analysis provided evidence that the homothallic state was basal in Calonectria and this evolved from a heterothallic ancestor.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Cylindrocladium ; fungal biology ; fungal pathogens ; MAT locus ; mating type ; phylogeny ; sexual reproduction
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    Postglacial flooding and Holocene climate shifts in the Persian Gulf (2024)
    In:  Journal of Quaternary Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Description: Postglacial flooding of the Persian Gulf (PG) was important in shaping human history and driving landscape changes in the region. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the postglacial transgression. The position of the PG at the edge of major synoptic systems of the Indian Ocean Summer Monsoon (IOSM) and Mid-latitude Westerlies (MLW) makes the environment particularly sensitive to Holocene climate shifts. To investigate the timing of the flooding and to detect the impacts of significant climate shifts on the regional environment during the Holocene, a multiproxy study was conducted on three short sediment cores from two deep sites in the PG. Sedimentological, palynological and geochemical analyses were performed on the cores. The results show that inundation of the western part of the PG that started from ca. 11.5 ka bp continued with successive prominent phases of transgression centered on 10.4 and 9.2 ka cal bp, and definitive marine conditions were established around 8.8 ka cal bp. The IOSM was the dominant system in the region until about 9 to ~6.3 ka cal bp. After that time, the intensity of the IOSM declined, as MLW dominated the region after ~6.3 ka cal bp. These climatic shifts induced significant changes in regional vegetation and hydrology, and possibly triggered socio-cultural transformations.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Element Cycling in the Critical Zone as Viewed by New Isotope Tools (2014)
    In:  Procedia earth and planetary science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Weathering Intensity in Lowland River Basins: From the Andes to the Amazon Mouth (2014)
    In:  Procedia earth and planetary science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    Fe isotope fractionation caused by translocation of iron during growth of bean and oat as models of strategy I and II plants (2012)
    In:  Plant and Soil
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Description: Background: The determination of the plant-induced Fe-isotopic fractionation is a promising tool to better quantify their role in the geochemical Fe cycle and possibly to identify the physiological mechanisms of Fe uptake and translocation in plants. Here we explore the isotope fractionation caused by translocation of Fe during growth of bean and oat as representatives of strategy I and II plants. Methods: Plants were grown on a nutrient solution supplemented with Fe(III)-EDTA and harvested at three different ages. We used the technique of multi-collector ICP-MS to resolve the small differences in the stable iron isotope compositions of plants. Results: Total bean plants, regardless of their age, were found to be enriched in the light iron isotopes by -1.2‰ relative to the growth solution throughout. During growth plants internally redistributed isotopes where young leaves increasingly accumulated the lighter isotopes whereas older leaves and the total roots were simultaneously depleted in light iron isotopes. Oat plants were also enriched in the light iron isotopes but during growth the initial isotope ratio maintained in all organs at all growth stages. Conclusions: We conclude that isotope fractionation in bean as a representative of strategy I plants is a result of translocation or re-translocation processes. Furthermore we assume that both uptake and translocation of Fe in oat maintains the irons’ ferric state, or that Fe is always bound to high-mass ligands, so that isotope fractionation is virtually absent in these plants. However, in contrast to our previous study in which strategy II plants were grown on soil substrate, oat plants grown on Fe(III)-EDTA contain iron that enriches 54Fe by 0.5 permil over 56Fe. A possible explanation for the enrichment is the prevalence of a constitutive reductive uptake mechanism of iron in the nutrient solution used which is non-deficient in iron.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    Discordance between cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in amalgamated sands and individual fluvial pebbles in an arid zone catchment (2014)
    In:  Quaternary Geochronology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Description: Based on cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al analyses in 15 individual detrital quartz pebbles (16e21 mm) and cosmogenic 10Be in amalgamated medium sand (0.25e0.50 mm), all collected from the outlet of the upper Gaub River catchment in Namibia, quartz pebbles yield a substantially lower average denudation rate than those yielded by the amalgamated sand sample. 10Be and 26Al concentrations in the 15 indi- Accepted 9 April 2012 Available online xxx vidual pebbles span nearly two orders of magnitude (0.22 ± 0.01 to 20.74 ± 0.52 x 10 6 10 Be atoms g-1 and 1.35 ± 0.09 to 72.76 ± 2.04 x 106 26Al atoms g-1, respectively) and yield average denudation rates of w0.7 m Myr-1 (10Be) and w0.9 m Myr-1 (26Al). In contrast, the amalgamated sand yields an average Keywords: Beryllium-10 10Be concentration of 0.77 ± 0.03 x 106 atoms g-1, and an associated mean denudation rate of Aluminium-26 Neon-21 Cosmogenic nuclide Grain size bias Namibia 9.6 ± 1.1 m Myr-1, an order of magnitude greater than the rates obtained for the amalgamated pebbles. The inconsistency between the 10Be and 26Al in the pebbles and the 10Be in the amalgamated sand is likely due to the combined effect of differential sediment sourcing and longer sediment transport times for the pebbles compared to the sand-sized grains. The amalgamated sands leaving the catchment are an aggregate of grains originating from all quartz-bearing rocks in all parts of the catchment. Thus, the cosmogenic nuclide inventories of these sands record the overall average lowering rate of the landscape. The pebbles originate from quartz vein outcrops throughout the catchment, and the episodic erosion of the latter means that the pebbles will have higher nuclide inventories than the surrounding bedrock and soil, and therefore also higher than the amalgamated sand grains. The order-of-magnitude grain size bias observed in the Gaub has important implications for using cosmogenic nuclide abundances in deposi- tional surfaces because in arid environments, akin to our study catchment, pebble-sized clasts yield substantially underestimated palaeo-denudation rates. Our results highlight the importance of carefully considering geomorphology and grain size when interpreting cosmogenic nuclide data in depositional surfaces.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    Portuguese contourite depositional systems derived from Natural Gamma Ray records analysed during IODP Exp339 (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Lofi, Johanna; Voelker, Antje H L; Ducassou, Emmanuelle; Hernandéz-Molina, Francisco Javier; Sierro, Francisco Javier; Bahr, André; Galvani, Aurélie; Lourens, Lucas Joost; Pardo-Igúzquiza, Eulogio; Pezard, Philippe A; Rodríguez-Tovar, Francisco Javier; Williams, Trevor J (2016): Quaternary chronostratigraphic framework and sedimentary processes for the Gulf of Cadiz and Portuguese Contourite Depositional Systems derived from Natural Gamma Ray records. Marine Geology, 377, 40-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2015.12.005
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Description: The Contourite Depositional Systems (CDS) in the Gulf of Cádiz and on the West Iberian margin preserve a unique archive of Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) variability over the past 5.3 Ma. These CDS have been recently drilled in several places during the IODP Expedition 339. These drill sites now offer a new window to the internal Pliocene and Quaternary architecture of the CDS. In this study, we use downhole and core Gamma Ray (GR) data acquired from 5 sites drilled in the CDS along the middle slope and 1 site drilled in the deeper setting of the lower slope, out of the MOW path. The GR data primarily tracks the clay content in the sediment and is the expression of sediment supply and, for sites drilled in the CDS, of the bottom current processes. Both appear astronomically controlled as shown by spectral analysis performed on the GR data. Results also reveal that the GR log patterns correlate well across the sites over the last 1.4 My. Several GR horizons corresponding to drops in GR values were identified, most of which fit with coarse-grained deposits observed in cores and interpreted as contourite beds. The GR horizons are interpreted as isochronous horizons, providing a regional scale chronostratigraphic framework for the CDS depositional records with an accuracy of ~ 20 ky. We further assess the spatial and temporal variability of the CDS hiatuses at the regional scale.
    Keywords: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 8
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    Nd-Sr isotopes, diatom and biogenic opal content of Pliocene sediments from IODP Site 318-U1361 (2013)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Cook, Carys P; van de Flierdt, Tina; Williams, Trevor J; Hemming, Sidney R; Iwai, Masao; Kobayashi, Munemasa; Jiménez-Espejo, Francisco Jose; Escutia, Carlota; Gonzàlez, Jhon Jairo; Khim, Boo-Keun; McKay, Robert M; Passchier, Sandra; Bohaty, Steven M; Riesselman, Christina R; Tauxe, Lisa; Sugisaki, Saiko; Lopez Galindo, Alberto; Patterson, Molly O; Sangiorgi, Francesca; Pierce, Elizabeth L; Brinkhuis, Henk; Klaus, Adam; Fehr, Annick; Bendle, James A; Bijl, Peter K; Carr, Stephanie A; Dunbar, Robert B; Flores, José-Abel; Hayden, Travis G; Katsuki, Kota; Kong, Gee Soo; Nakai, Mutsumi; Olney, Matthew P; Pekar, Stephen F; Pross, Jörg; Röhl, Ursula; Sakai, Toyusaburo; Shrivastava, Prakash Kumar; Stickley, Catherine E; Tuo, Shouting; Welsh, Kevin; Yamane, Masako (2013): Dynamic behaviour of the East Antarctic ice sheet during Pliocene warmth. Nature Geoscience, 6(9), 765-769, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1889
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Description: Warm intervals within the Pliocene epoch (5.33-2.58 million years ago) were characterized by global temperatures comparable to those predicted for the end of this century (Haywood and Valdes, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00685-X) and atmospheric CO2 concentrations similar to today (Seki et al., 2010, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.037; Bartoli et al., 2011, doi:10.1029/2010PA002055; Pagani et al., 2010, doi:10.1038/ngeo724). Estimates for global sea level highstands during these times (Miller et al., 2012, doi:10.1130/G32869.1) imply possible retreat of the East Antarctic ice sheet, but ice-proximal evidence from the Antarctic margin is scarce. Here we present new data from Pliocene marine sediments recovered offshore of Adélie Land, East Antarctica, that reveal dynamic behaviour of the East Antarctic ice sheet in the vicinity of the low-lying Wilkes Subglacial Basin during times of past climatic warmth. Sedimentary sequences deposited between 5.3 and 3.3 million years ago indicate increases in Southern Ocean surface water productivity, associated with elevated circum-Antarctic temperatures. The geochemical provenance of detrital material deposited during these warm intervals suggests active erosion of continental bedrock from within the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, an area today buried beneath the East Antarctic ice sheet. We interpret this erosion to be associated with retreat of the ice sheet margin several hundreds of kilometres inland and conclude that the East Antarctic ice sheet was sensitive to climatic warmth during the Pliocene.
    Keywords: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 9
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    Cenozoic global reference benthic carbon and oxygen isotope dataset (CENOGRID) (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Description: Much of our understanding of Earth's past climate states comes from the measurement of oxygen and carbon isotope variations in deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Yet, major intervals in those records that lack the temporal resolution and/or age control required to identify climate forcing and feedback mechanisms. Here we document 66 million years of global climate by a new high-fidelity Cenozoic global reference benthic carbon and oxygen isotope dataset (CENOGRID). Using recurrence analysis, we find that on timescales of millions of years Earth's climate can be grouped into Hothouse, Warmhouse, Coolhouse and Icehouse states separated by transitions related to changing greenhouse gas levels and the growth of polar ice sheets. Each Cenozoic climate state is paced by orbital cycles, but the response to radiative forcing is state dependent.
    Keywords: Cenozoic Climate; Ocean Drilling; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 27 datasets
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  • 10
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    Master track from POLAR 6 flight P6_241_Perma-X_2023_2307080401 in 1 sec resolution (zipped, 480 KB kBytes) (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Keywords: AC; Aircraft; P6_241_Perma-X_2023; P6_241_Perma-X_2023_2307080401; Perma-X Canada 2023, 'TREELine 2023'; POLAR 6
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 480.3 kBytes
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