ALBERT

Description: DE: Dieser Datensatz besteht aus den Transkripten von vier Fokusgruppeninterviews der Migrantenwahlstudie. Ziel des Projektes war es, für die Bundestagswahl 2017 die erste deutsche Wahlstudie unter deutschen Staatsbürger/innen mit Migrationshintergrund durchzuführen, d.h. unter solchen Personen, die entweder selbst nach Deutschland immigriert sind oder die mindestens einen Elternteil mit eigener Migrationserfahrung haben. Die Migrantenwahlstudie umfasst eine qualitative und eine quantitative Phase. Ziel der ersten qualitativen Phase (Oktober 2016 bis Juli 2017) war der explorative Zugang zur Themen- und Kandidatenorientierung von Migrant/innen, um die Ergebnisse für eine Publikation sowie die Fragebogenentwicklung der quantitativen Phase zu nutzen: Welche Themenfelder werden als wichtig erachtet? Welche Vorstellung von Links-Rechts gibt es? Welche Kandidateneigenschaften sind besonders relevant? Wie stark ist die Bindung an das Herkunftsland? Als Methode haben wir dabei auf Gruppendiskussionen mit Russlanddeutschen zurückgegriffen, die in Duisburg und Köln durchgeführt wurden. Dabei haben wir mit etwa 5-6 Teilnehmer/innen jeweils knapp zwei Stunden lang diskutiert. Die Forschungsdaten der quantitativen Phase wurden beim Forschungsdatenzentrum GESIS archiviert. EN: This dataset is composed of the transcripts of four focus group interviews for the Immigrant German Election Study. The project aims to conduct the first Immigrant German Election Study for the federal election in 2017, targeting German citizens with an immigrant background, i.e. people who either migrated to Germany themselves (first generation) or have at least one parent who was born in another country (second generation). The Immigrant German Election Study encompasses a qualitative and a quantitative phase. The first qualitative stage of the project (October 2016 until July 2017) explored the issue and candidate orientations of migrants. The results were used for a publication as well as for the development of the questionnaire for the quantitative stage. The core questions are: Which political issues are classified as important to all Germans/all migrants from the same group? What political issues do Germans of immigrant origin perceive as "left" and "right"? What are the identity contents that Germans of migrant origin associate with being German? We used focus group interviews as the research method in the Duisburg/Cologne area that consisted of 5-6 participants each and lasted for about 90 minutes.The research data originating from the quantitative phase have been archived at GESIS Data Archive.

Description: The file includes both field measured and satellite derived high resolution LAI data obtained over the Honghe farm and Hailun site in northeastern China. The Honghe farm (centered at 47°39′N, 133°31′E) is located in the east of the Heilongjiang province, northeast China. Five plots in 400 m × 600 m were selected in the Honghe farm in 2012 and 2013. Within each plot, about 50 - 60 elementary sampling units (ESUs) about 20 m ×20 m in size were selected in different weeks with a moving sampling strategy to avoid the sampling disturbance. Field LAI measurements were performed weekly from June 11 to September 17, 2012, and from June 22 to August 27, 2013. All ESU measurements made with LAI-2200 within a plot were averaged to represent the plot LAI. The Hailun site (47°24′- 47°26′N, 126°47′- 126°51′E) is located in the western part of the Heilongjiang province. The main crop types are maize, soybean, and sorghum. Five crop plots in 100 m × 500 m were chosen for continuous LAI measurements. The plots cover an areas of about 30 km2 and an elevation of approximately 200-240 m above sea level with quite homogeneous surroundings. Three representative ESUs of approximately 20 m × 20 m were selected in each plot. Field LAI measurements were continuously carried out with LAI-2200 weekly at each plot from June 20 to September 22, 2016. The high-resolution LAI data were estimated with a look-up table (LUT) method from the HJ-1, Landsat 7 ETM+, and Sentinel-2A MSI reflectance data. The high resolution LAI data are consistent with the field measured LAI characterized by a slope close to the 1:1 line. The statistical results show R2 of 0.81 and 0.86, and RMSE of 0.62 and 0.70 for paddy rice and broadleaf crops, respectively. The scale factor is 0.01.

Description: This dataset contains the n-alkane data from a sedimentary record of an alpine lake (Laguna de Río Seco -LdRS-) located at 3020 masl in Sierra Nevada (southern Spain). This dataset includes the concentrations of the n-alkanes ranging from the C19 to the C35 chain lengths and the hydrogen isotopic composition of the C23, C25, C27, C29, C31, and C33 ones. Different indices have also been calculated to summarise 1) the n-alkane chain lengths: the average chain length (ACL), the carbon preference index (CPI), and the portion aquatic index (Paq), and 2) the hydrogen isotopic composition of the terrestrial n-alkanes (δDwax=δDC29 + δDC31), aquatic n-alkanes (δDaq= δDC23 + δDC25), and their difference ΔDwax-aq(δDwax-δDaq). The n-alkanes were analysed using a GC-FID (Shimadzu 2010) and a GC-MS (Shimadzu QP2010-Plus Mass Spectrometer interfaced with a Shimadzu 2010 GC). Hydrogen isotopic composition of sedimentary n-alkanes was measured with GC-IRMS using a GC-thermal conversion-IRMS system consisting of a HP 6890 GC connected to a Finnigan MAT delta Plus XL mass spectrometer.

Description: Lake sediment samples were taken in April 2013 from the ice by drilling through lake ice and recovering an undisturbed core using a HON-Kajak sediment corer. Samples were analysed for pigments (University of Nottingham), carbon isotopes and C/N ratios (BGS, Keyworth), lipid biomarkers (Newcastle University) and compound-specific carbon isotopes (CUG, Wuhan). The purpose of the analyses was to develop an environmental reconstruction of carbon cycling for an upland lake (named Disko 2) to encompass the Little Ice Age to recent warming climate periods. Analyses were completed as part of Mark A. Stevenson's PhD research while based at the University of Nottingham, UK (Stevenson, 2017, http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46579). ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra, ¹³⁷Cs and ²⁴¹Am concentrations were measured by direct gamma assay in the Environmental Radiometric Facility at University College London (Dr Handong Yang), using an ORTEC HPGe GWL series well-type coaxial low background intrinsic germanium detector. Radiometric dating techniques follow Appleby et al, 1986 (doi: 10.1007/BF00026640), Appleby et al, 1992 (doi:10.1016/0168-583X(92)95328-O) and Appleby, 2001 (doi:10.1007/0-306-47669-X_9) with core extrapolation and linear interpolation used to derive an age depth model to the base of the core. The pigment β-carotene was analysed on an Agilent 1200 series high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using separation conditions outlined in McGowan et al., 2012 (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02689.x). Bulk δ¹³C and C~org~/N ratios were analysed on acidified samples using a Costech ECS4010 elemental analyser (EA) coupled to a VG Triple Trap and a VG Optima dual-inlet mass spectrometer. Key lipid biomarkers (n-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids (as fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), n-alkanols and sterols) were analysed using an Agilent 7890A GC coupled to a 5975C MS according to Pearson et al., 2007 (doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.02.007) and are expressed as ratios, relative to the total of each compound class. Specific ratios were also calculated for CPI 2 n-alkanes (Marzi et al., 1993; doi:10.1016/0146-6380(93)90016-5), terrestrial aquatic ratio (TAR) for n-alkanes (Bourbonniere and Meyers, 1996; doi:10.1007/s002540050074), index of waxy n-alkanes to total hydrocarbons (PWAX) (Zheng et al., 2007; doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.06.012) and carbon preference index (CPI) for n-alkanoic acids (Matsuda and Koyama, 1977) (doi:10.1016/0016-7037(77)90214-9). Compound-specific δ¹³C on C~28:0~ fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was analysed using a Thermo Finnigan Trace GC coupled to a Thermo Finnigan Delta Plus XP isotope ratio mass spectrometer using a combustion interface (GC-C-IRMS) according to conditions in Huang et al. (2018; doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03804-w). Acknowledgements: Mark Stevenson gratefully acknowledges the receipt of a NERC/ESRC studentship (ES/J500100/1). We acknowledge grants IP-1393-1113 & IP-1516-1114 from the NERC Isotope Geosciences laboratory (NIGL) for the analysis of δ¹³C~org~ & C/N ratios on sediment, soil and plant samples. Lipid and water chemistry analyses were funded by the Freshwater Biological Association's 2015 Gilson Le Cren Memorial Award to Mark Stevenson. We thank Teresa Needham, Christopher Kendrick, Julie Swales, Ian Conway, Graham Morris, Bernard Bowler, Paul Donohoe, Qingwei Song and Jiantao Xue for technical support. We acknowledge the support of Handong Yang for radiometric dating. Financial support for fieldwork was awarded via the INTERACT transnational access scheme (grant agreement No 262693) under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme and UK RI NERC grant NE/K000276/1. Logistical support is acknowledged from University of Copenhagen Arktisk Station including Ole Stecher, Kjeld Mølgaard and Erik Wille.

Description: Water was collected for net primary production (NPP) incubations and total and size-fractionated chlorophyll a from multiple depths spanning the euphotic zone, using a CTD-rosette equipped with 24 10L Niskin bottles. For NPP, water from 6 depths spanning the euphotic zone (0.1% of surface irradiance) were incubated in situ during the 5 Lagrangian cycles sampled during SalpPOOP. NPP was assessed using carbon-14 (14C) assays, with 24-hour incubations that integrated respiration/production balance over the dark and light periods of the diel cycle. Seawater samples (1.3 L) were collected into an acid-rinsed polycarbonate bottle from pre-dawn CTD casts (~2:00 h each day of each cycle) at six depths spanning the euphotic zone. The bottles were then spiked with 0.1 mCi 14C-bicarbonate (DHI, Denmark or Perkin-Elmer, USA) before triplicate controls on ethanolamine were taken to quantify initial radioactivity at each depth incubation. After gentle mixing, the 'hot' 1.3 L was dispensed into three light and one dark bottles (320 mL acid-cleaned polycarbonate) that were incubated in situ on the free-drifting array. After recovery, the entire content of the bottles were filtered onto 0.2 µm pore-size 25-mm polycarbonate filters and kept frozen until analysis. Once on land, filters were acidified with 200 µL 0.5 N HCL, Hi Safe 3 liquid scintillation cocktail was added and disintegrations per minute were then determined using a scintillation counter following procedures described in Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez et al (2020 doi:10.1029/2019JC015550). NPP of multiple casts (2 to 4) conducted during each experimental cycle were averaged to obtain cycle estimates of primary production. If only one estimate per depth was available, the std is indicated as n.d. Samples for total Chlorophyll a (Chl a) analysis were filtered on‐board on 25mm Whatman GF/F filters using low vacuum (〈200 mm Hg). The filters were folded, wrapped in aluminum foil, flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and kept at −80 °C until analysis. For size fractionated Chl a analysis (0.2–2, 2–20, and 〉20 μm), 250 ml of seawater were sequentially filtered through a 20 μm polycarbonate filter first (by gravity), and then sequentially through 2‐ and 0.2‐μm polycarbonate filters under low pressure vacuum. Filters were folded and stored in 1.5 ml cryovials, flash frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80 °C. Analyses was done following 90% acetone extraction using standard fluorometric methods with a Turner Design 10AU fluorometer after Strickland and Parsons (1972 doi:10.1002/iroh.19700550118).

Description: Double oblique zooplankton net tows from 200 m water depth to the sea-surface were carried out using a 0.7 m diameter Bongo frame with paired 200 µm mesh nets, a General Oceanics Flow meter affixed to each net to measure the volume of water filtered, and a temperature-depth recorder. Tows were conducted at least twice daily (day and night), with one additional day per cycle of sampling every 2-3 hours for further studies of diel patterns. A quantitative subset of salp specimens were identified to species using keys (Foxton 1965, doi:10.1017/S0025315400016519; Bone 1998), classified into oozooid or blastozooid stage, and measured for total length and corrected to oral to atrial (OAL). For plots and calculations, Salpa thompsoni lengths were divided into 5 mm bins, and abundance was calculated for each size bin.

Description: Here we present the data of the study by Strobel et al. (2020; doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137045), who analysed topsoil samples from South Africa for their compound-specific hydrogen isotopic composition of leaf wax-derived n-alkanes (δ2Hn-alkane) and oxygen isotopic composition of hemicellulose-derived sugars (δ18Osugar). Apparent fractionation, which is the difference between δ2Hn-alkane and the isotopic signature of growing season precipitation δ2Hp (εapp 2H) and δ18Osugar and δ18Op (εapp 18O), was calculated. Coupling both δ2Hn-alkane and δ18O sugar using a 'paleohygrometer' approach enables the calculation of the plants-source water and relative humidity. For more details see Strobel et al. (2020; doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137045).