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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Im Frühjahr dieses Jahres wurde von der Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, dem Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland (BUND) und der Michael Succow Stiftung, Partner im Greifswald Moor Moorzentrum der „Mooratlas 2023 – Daten und Fakten zu nassen Klimaschützern“ herausgegeben (im August 2023 in der 4. Auflage erschienen). Auf 50 Seiten beschreiben 27 Autorinnen und Autoren Moore, ihre ökosystemare Bedeutung als Bestandteile der Naturlandschaft – mit Schwerpunkt auf ihrer Bedeutung als Kohlenstoffspeicher, für die Biodiversität und als einzigartige Lebensräume, als (land- und forstwirtschaftliche) Produktionsstandorte sowie die komplexen Zusammenhänge der Auswirkungen ihrer Melioration und Nutzung auf das Klima. Dazu wird in 19 doppelseitigen Beiträgen umfangreiches Zahlenmaterial dargeboten. Mit einem Verweis auf neue Nutzungsformen nasser Standorte, die Paludikultur, bietet der Mooratlas darüber hinaus Diskussionsansätze für eine zukünftige landwirtschaftliche Wertschöpfung mit positiven Auswirkungen. Damit liefern die Verfasserinnen und Verfasser einen Beitrag, der dazu führen soll, den Themenkomplex Moor, Moornutzung und Moorschutz und dessen Relevanz in der aktuellen Klimadebatte einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit zugänglich zu machen und ihm einen größeren Stellenwert in der gesellschaftspolitischen Diskussion zuteilwerden zu lassen. [...]
    Description: abstract
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:333.72 ; ddc:631.4 ; ddc:630.914 ; ddc:581.7 ; ddc:333 ; Moor ; Torf ; peatland ; peat
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 2
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    Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research | Newark, Delaware, USA
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This proceeding summarizes the discussions during the 49th SCOR Annual Meeting held in Guayaquil, Ecuador, 17-19 October 2023. This proceeding also provides information from and links to the background information submitted for review at the meeting, including the proposals for new working groups and the reports from current SCOR working groups, projects, capacity development activities, and affiliated and partner organizations, all of which were traditionally included in the SCOR Annual Meeting background book until 2019. All of these can also be accessed online through the SCOR website at: https://scor-int.org/events/scor-2023-annual-meeting/.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: SCOR
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 73pp.
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  • 3
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    The Royal Society
    In:  EPIC3Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, 376(1817), pp. 20200431-20200431, ISSN: 0962-8436
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The originally published version of this paper incorrectly listed Gregor Scheiffarth's affiliation as 8Institute for Chemistry and Biology of Marine Environments [ICBM]. It should instead be 5Lower SaxonWadden Sea National Park Authority, Virchowstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. This has been corrected on the publisher's website.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 4
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    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 50(1), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science & Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), 58(9), pp. 4302-4313, ISSN: 0013-936X
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The pollution of the marine environment with plastic debris is expected to increase, where ocean currents and winds cause their accumulation in convergence zones like the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). Surface-floating plastic (〉330 μm) was collected in the North Pacific Ocean between Vancouver (Canada) and Singapore using a neuston catamaran and identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Baseline concentrations of 41,600–102,700 items km–2 were found, dominated by polyethylene and polypropylene. Higher concentrations (factors 4–10) of plastic items occurred not only in the NPSG (452,800 items km–2) but also in a second area, the Papaha̅naumokua̅kea Marine National Monument (PMNM, 285,200 items km–2). This second maximum was neither reported previously nor predicted by the applied ocean current model. Visual observations of floating debris (〉5 cm; 8–2565 items km–2 and 34–4941 items km–2 including smaller “white bits”) yielded similar patterns of baseline pollution (34–3265 items km–2) and elevated concentrations of plastic debris in the NPSG (67–4941 items km–2) and the PMNM (295–3748 items km–2). These findings suggest that ocean currents are not the only factor provoking plastic debris accumulation in the ocean. Visual observations may be useful to increase our knowledge of large-scale (micro)plastic pollution in the global oceans.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The Arctic Ocean is experiencing unprecedented changes because of climate warming, necessitating detailed analyses on the ecology and dynamics of biological communities to understand current and future ecosystem shifts. Here, we generated a four-year, high-resolution amplicon dataset along with one annual cycle of PacBio HiFi read metagenomes from the East Greenland Current (EGC), and combined this with datasets spanning different spatiotemporal scales (Tara Arctic and MOSAiC) to assess the impact of Atlantic water influx and sea-ice cover on bacterial communities in the Arctic Ocean. Densely ice-covered polar waters harboured a temporally stable, resident microbiome. Atlantic water influx and reduced sea-ice cover resulted in the dominance of seasonally fluctuating populations, resembling a process of “replacement” through advection, mixing and environmental sorting. We identified bacterial signature populations of distinct environmental regimes, including polar night and high-ice cover, and assessed their ecological roles. Dynamics of signature populations were consistent across the wider Arctic; e.g. those associated with dense ice cover and winter in the EGC were abundant in the central Arctic Ocean in winter. Population- and community-level analyses revealed metabolic distinctions between bacteria affiliated with Arctic and Atlantic conditions; the former with increased potential to use bacterial- and terrestrial-derived substrates or inorganic compounds. Our evidence on bacterial dynamics over spatiotemporal scales provides novel insights into Arctic ecology and indicates a progressing Biological Atlantification of the warming Arctic Ocean, with consequences for food webs and biogeochemical cycles.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the composition of marine bacterial communities around the world, and to investigate bacterial isolates regarding the production of antibiotics. This included molecular analyses of marine bacterioplankton, as well as culture-based studies of marine bacterial isolates with antagonistic activity. The work was based on samples collected during the Galathea 3 and LOMROG-II marine research expeditions that have explored many different oceanic regions worldwide. A molecular survey of marine bacterioplankton at 24 worldwide stations investigated the abundance of major bacterial groups, potential biogeographical patterns, and their relation to environmental parameters. The original aim was to determine whether the composition of the total microbiota correlates with the occurrence of culturable bioactive bacteria. No such correlation was found. Quantitative community analyses showed latitudinal patterns in bacterial distribution, revealing significantly different relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, unclassified Bacteria and Vibrio between warmer and colder oceans. Absolute cell numbers of most bacterial groups were positively correlated with nutrient concentrations in warmer oceans, and negatively with oxygen saturation in colder oceans. The finding of differing communities in warmer and colder oceans underlined the presence of biogeographical patterns among marine bacteria and the influence of environmental parameters on bacterial distribution. Studies of antagonistic isolates focused on six bioactive Vibrionaceae isolated during Galathea 3. The six strains were identified as Vibrio coralliilyticus (two strains), V. neptunius (two strains), V. nigripulchritudo (one strain), and Photobacterium halotolerans (one strain) by sequencing of housekeeping genes. Chemical metabolite profiling underlined genetic relationships by showing highly similar production of secondary metabolites for each species. Two known antibiotics were purified; andrimid from V. coralliilyticus and holomycin from P. halotolerans. In addition, two novel cyclic peptides from P. halotolerans and a novel siderophore-like compound from V. nigripulchritudo were isolated. All three compounds interfere with quorum sensing in S. aureus. During LOMROG-II further seventeen strains with antagonistic activity were isolated, affiliating with the Actinobacteria (8 strains), Pseudoalteromonas (4 strains), the Vibrionaceae (3 strains), and Psychrobacter (2 strains). Seven of the eight bioactive Actinobacteria, being isolated from different sources throughout the Arctic Ocean, were related to Arthrobacter davidanieli. Its broad antibiotic spectrum was likely based on production of the known arthrobacilin antibiotics. The eighth actinomycete, tentatively identified as Brevibacterium sp., produces a potentially novel antimicrobial compound. Most studies of antagonistic marine bacteria have been conducted with the aim of isolating novel antimicrobials with potential clinical applications. However, little is known about production and role of these compounds in the natural environment. This thesis took one step in this direction and demonstrated that V. coralliilyticus S2052 produced its antibiotic andrimid when grown with chitin as the sole carbon source. Whilst the strain produced an array of secondary metabolites in laboratory media, it focused on andrimid production with chitin. This indicates that the antibiotic is likely produced in the natural habitat and may serve an ecophysiological function. The finding that two related strains from public culture collections do not produce andrimid and have different biosynthetic temperature optima suggested that V. coralliilyticus may comprise different subspecies with different niches. In summary, the present study shows biogeographical patterns of marine bacterioplankton on a global scale. In addition, the thesis work has demonstrated that marine Vibrionaceae and polar Actinobacteria are a resource of antibacterial compounds and may have potential for future natural product discovery.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Thesis , notRev
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Volcanic rocks are the prominent host rocks in geothermal and volcanic systems in general, displaying heterogeneity. Although various external factors such as temperature, pressure, time, fluid chemistry, and subsurface geology have been thoroughly researched regarding the source of hydrothermal minerals in geothermal fields, the effect of hydrothermal alteration on volcanic hosts is still controversial in the literature. This review compiles data on the physical and mechanical properties of the host rocks composing volcanic environments exhibiting hydrothermal alteration or remaining unaltered. The considered data is originated from hydrothermal areas from Kuril-Kamchatka (Russia), Los Humeros (Mexico), Ngatamaraki, Rotokawa, Kawerau and Ohakuri geothermal fields and Mt. Ruapehu, Mt. Taranaki, and Whakaari volcanoes (New Zealand), Solfatara (Italy), Reykjanes, Nesjavellir, and Theistarereykir geothermal fields (Iceland), La Soufrière de Guadeloupe (Caribbean) volcano, and Merapi volcano (Indonesia). Analysis of average values displayed in several graphical representations and correlations finds that dense rocks (such as lavas and intrusive rocks) exhibit greater competence and lower porosity than fragmental rocks. However, altered dense rocks display greater variability in mechanical properties compared to pyroclastic rocks, primarily influenced by mineral dissolution leading to rock weakening. Exceptions occur for high-temperature hydrothermal alteration, such as advanced silicification and propylitic alteration, with the latter influenced by minor types of alteration. Fragmental rocks have diverse behaviour with the extent of hydrothermal alteration and welding/compaction. According to the compiled data, an overall strengthening of pyroclastic rocks develops as hydrothermal alteration increases, regardless of the type of hydrothermal alteration. The complexity of hydrothermal systems, the variability shown by different hydrothermal settings and histories in terms of temperature, fluid chemistry and secondary mineral assemblage, and the variety of rock materials with different microstructures contribute to moderate correlations between properties compared to those established in an unaltered state. However, the same trends (linear, nonlinear, positive, negative) are preserved along hydrothermal alteration. This review emphasizes the significance of the type and degree of hydrothermal alteration, along with the rock type and pre-existence of fractures, in shaping the development of alteration in volcanic environments and modifying the properties of host rocks. The relevance of the review relies on the fact that these properties are considered to enhance the productivity of geothermal fields and improve the assessment of volcanic hazards. Future research is expected to expand on this groundwork.
    Description: In press
    Description: 104754
    Description: OSV4: Preparazione alle crisi vulcaniche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Hydrothermal alteration ; physical properties ; degree of hydrothermal alteration ; mechanical properties ; hydrothermal alteration facies ; intrusion-related geothermal systems ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: An earthquake sequence occurred in the Central Adriatic region during March–June 2021. This sequence started on 27 March with a mainshock of moment magnitude (Mw) 5.2 occurring at 13:47 coordinated universal time (UTC). No foreshock was observed before this mainshock. The sequence lasted approximately three months, until the end of June 2021. Approximately 200 seismic events were recorded by the regional seismic network during this time, including four M ≥ 4.0 earthquakes. The 27 March 2021 earthquake was one of the strongest instrumentally recorded events in the area bounded approximately by the Ancona–Zadar line to the north and the Gargano–Dubrovnik line to the south. The mainshock originated at a focal depth of 9.9 km. The seismicity spread from the mainshock up-dip and down-dip along a northeast-dipping plane. Here, we investigate the geometry of the fault activated by this seismic sequence by using sP depth phases. We aim to significantly reduce the large uncertainties associated with the hypocentral locations of offshore earthquakes beneath the Adriatic Sea—an area that plays a fundamental role in the geodynamics of the Mediterranean. These refined earthquake locations also allow us to make inferences with regards to the seismotectonic context responsible for the analyzed seismicity, thus identifying a structure (here referred to as the MidAdriatic fault) consisting of a northwest–southeast-striking thrust fault with a ∼ 35° northeast-dipping plane. The use of depth-phase arrival times to constrain off-network event locations is of particular interest in Italy due to both the peculiar shape of the peninsula and the extreme scarcity of seafloor stations, the cost and management of which are very expensive and complex. Here, we present the first attempt to apply this off-network locating technique to the Italian offshore seismicity research with the aim of improving hazard estimations in these hard-to-monitor regions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 480–493
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen vol. 17 no. 3, pp. 11-14
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Unter dem mir von Herrn Dr. F. P. Koumans freundlichst überlassenen Hemirhamphiden-Material des Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden ist eine Serie einer neuen Zenarchopterus-Art, die ich wegen der Form der Anale beim erwachsenen Männchen bezeichne als: Zenarchopterus xiphophorus nov. spec. Mus. Leiden:Belawan-Deli, Sumatra; 4 ♂ von 12.5, 12.5, 13.0, 13.5 cm; 2 ♀ von 13.0, 17.0 cm. ♂ D 15; A 10—11; P 11; V 6; Sq. 1. ca. 40. ♀ D 14; A 11—12; P 11; V 6; Sq. 1. ca. 40. Oberschnabel etwas breiter als lang; Länge sechs- bis siebenmal im Schnabelfortsatz enthalten. Analpapille beim ♂ gross mit besonderer Spitze, nicht beschuppt, ♀ ohne. Iriszipfel nicht mehr zu finden. ♂: Vierter D-Strahl verbreitert und um mehr als die Flossenhöhe verlängert; der 4. Strahl ist so stark gebogen, dass — wenigstens bei den erwachsenen konservierten Tieren — der Klunker des Strahlenendes neben dem Silberstreifen an der Körperseite liegt. ♂ A dreiteilig, im vorderen Teil 5 dünne Gliederstrahlen; 6. Strahl stark verdickt, verbreitert, gefiedert und etwa viermal so lang wie der 5., sodass das Ende des 6. bei erwachsenen ♂ noch weit über den Hinterrand der Caudale hinweg ragt. Bei den 12.5 cm langen ♂ überragt der 6. Strahl das C-Ende noch nicht, wohl aber die C-Basis. Im Gegensatz zu Z. brevirostris Gthr. legt sich bei der neuen Art der 6. Strahl nicht neben die Körperseite, sondern bleibt in der Flossenebene unterhalb der Unterkante des Fisches. Hinter dem verlängerten und verbreiterten 6. Strahl folgen der 7.—10. (11.) A-Strahl als selbständiges Flösschen von
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Water frogs (genus Pelophylax) are one of the most widespread and diverse, but also most invasive amphibians of the Western Palearctic region. As such, Pelophylax studies face the challenge of identifying similar taxa that hybridize in sympatry. For this purpose, the nuclear marker serum albumin intron 1 (SAI-1) has been used for over a decade in Pelophylax. Initially praised for its diagnosticity, notably to discriminate common species such as the pool frog (P. lessonae), the marsh frog (P. ridibundus) and their hybridogenetic hybrid the edible frog (P. esculentus) without sequencing (by amplicon length polymorphism), SAI-1 was later questioned due to misidentifications and doubtful patterns of genetic divergence. In this study, we incorporate an up-to-date multilocus phylogeographic framework spanning the entire Pelophylax diversification, to re-assess the performance of SAI-1 for lineage identification and discovery. We show that SAI-1 sequences discriminate all Palearctic water frog species and most of their phylogeographic lineages, enabling us to map their distributions and identify the genomes of hybridogenetic hybrids. However, the phylogeny of SAI-1 is aberrant and unrepresentative of the evolutionof the genus. In particular, differentiated P. l. lessonae alleles segregating in the Alpine region mimic a species-level divergence that is not recovered by any other marker. Moreover, the indel polymorphism that supposedly distinguishes P. lessonae from P. ridibundus, as well as the main P. ridibundus lineages from the Balkans (P. r. ridibundus vs kurtmuelleri), are not diagnostic across the entire range of these taxa. Hence, SAI-1 is neither the panacea for nor the nemesis of Pelophylax genotyping. Sequencing SAI-1 shall continue to offer a reliable and informative preliminary approach of single-gene barcoding identification of lineages, but analyses without sequencing, and other applications such as phylogenetic and taxonomic inferences, should be avoided.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Cycloclypeus carpenteri is one of the deepest living large benthic foraminifera. It has an obligatory relationship with diatom photosymbionts, and, in addition, houses a diverse prokaryotic community. Variations in the eukaryotic and prokaryotic endobiotic community composition might be key in allowing Cycloclypeus to occur in low light environments. We assessed the variability of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities associated with Cycloclypeus along a depth gradient from 50 to 130 m at two locations in the Federated States of Micronesia (Northwest Pacific) by metabarcoding of the 18S V9 rRNA region for eukaryotes and the 16S V3-V4 rRNA region for prokaryotes. We observed a single foraminiferal operational taxonomic unit (OTU), as well as a single dominant diatom OTU that was abundant in all sequenced specimens. Both the prokaryotic and the eukaryotic endobiotic communities (excluding the dominant diatom) changed with water depth and associated irradiance levels. We observed a distinct change in the prokaryotic community composition around 90–100 m water depth at Pohnpei, equivalent to ∼1% surface radiation. This change in microbial communities in the Cycloclypeus holobiont suggests a potential role of the associated microbial communities in accommodating differences in (micro)- habitat, although we cannot exclude that the prokaryote community is to a large extent driven by their community composition in the ambient environment.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Ecological indicators for monitoring strategies are expected to combine three major characteristics: ecological significance, statistical credibility, and cost-effectiveness. Strategies based on stranding networks rank highly in cost-effectiveness, but their ecological significance and statistical credibility are disputed. Our present goal is to improve the value of stranding data as population indicator as part of monitoring strategies by constructing the spatial and temporal null hypothesis for strandings. The null hypothesis is defined as: small cetacean distribution and mortality are uniform in space and constant in time. We used a drift model to map stranding probabilities and predict stranding patterns of cetacean carcasses under H0 across the North Sea, the Channel and the Bay of Biscay, for the period 1990–2009. As the most common cetacean occurring in this area, we chose the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena for our modelling. The difference between these strandings expected under H0 and observed strandings is defined as the stranding anomaly. It constituted the stranding data series corrected for drift conditions. Seasonal decomposition of stranding anomaly suggested that drift conditions did not explain observed seasonal variations of porpoise strandings. Long-term stranding anomalies increased first in the southern North Sea, the Channel and Bay of Biscay coasts, and finally the eastern North Sea. The hypothesis of changes in porpoise distribution was consistent with local visual surveys, mostly SCANS surveys (1994 and 2005). This new indicator could be applied to cetacean populations across the world and more widely to marine megafauna.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: With global increases in anthropogenic pressures on wildlife populations comes a responsibility to manage them effectively. The assessment of marine ecosystem health is challenging and often relies on monitoring indicator species, such as cetaceans. Most cetaceans are however highly mobile and spend the majority of their time hidden from direct view, resulting in uncertainty on even the most basic population metrics. Here, we discuss the value of long-term and internationally combined stranding records as a valuable source of information on the demographic and mortality trends of the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the North Sea. We analysed stranding records (n = 16,181) from 1990 to 2017 and demonstrate a strong heterogeneous seasonal pattern of strandings throughout the North Sea, indicative of season-specific distribution or habitat use, and season-specific mortality. The annual incidence of strandings has increased since 1990, with a notable steeper rise particularly in the southern North Sea since 2005. A high density of neonatal strandings occurred specifically in the eastern North Sea, indicative of areas important for calving, and large numbers of juvenile males stranded in the southern parts, indicative of a population sink or reflecting higher male dispersion. These findings highlight the power of stranding records to detect potentially vulnerable population groups in time and space. This knowledge is vital for managers and can guide, for example, conservation measures such as the establishment of time-areaspecific limits to potentially harmful human activities, aiming to reduce the number and intensity of humanwildlife conflicts.
    Keywords: Surveillance programme ; Wildlife monitoring ; Marine mammal ; Mortality ; North Sea ; Harbour porpoise ; Phocoena phocoena
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Background Mosquito-borne diseases are on the rise. While climatic factors have been linked to disease occurrences, they do not explain the non-random spatial distribution in disease outbreaks. Landscape-related factors, such as vegetation structure, likely play a crucial but hitherto unquantified role. Methods We explored how three critically important factors that are associated with mosquito-borne disease outbreaks: microclimate, mosquito abundance and bird communities, vary at the landscape scale. We compared the co-occurrence of these three factors in two contrasting habitat types (forest versus grassland) across five rural locations in the central part of the Netherlands between June and September 2021. Results Our results show that forest patches provide a more sheltered microclimate, and a higher overall abundance of birds. When accounting for differences in landscape characteristics, we also observed that the number of mosquitoes was higher in isolated forest patches. Conclusions Our findings indicate that, at the landscape scale, variation in tree cover coincides with suitable microclimate and high Culex pipiens and bird abundance. Overall, these factors can help understand the non-random spatial distribution of mosquito-borne disease outbreaks.
    Keywords: Birds ; Culex pipiens ; Forest ; Grassland ; Habitat fragmentation ; Microclimate ; Usutu virus ; West Nile virus
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The Arctic Ocean (AO) is being rapidly transformed by global warming, but its biodiversity remains understudied for many planktonic organisms, in particular for unicellular eukaryotes that play pivotal roles in marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles. The aim of this study was to characterize the biogeographic ranges of species that comprise the contemporary pool of unicellular eukaryotes in the AO as a first step toward understanding mechanisms that structure these communities and identifying potential target species for monitoring. Leveraging the Tara Oceans DNA metabarcoding data, we mapped the global distributions of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) found on Arctic shelves into five biogeographic categories, identified biogeographic indicators, and inferred the degree to which AO communities of unicellular eukaryotes share members with assemblages from lower latitudes. Arctic/Polar indicator OTUs, as well as some globally ubiquitous OTUs, dominated the detection and abundance of DNA reads in the Arctic samples. OTUs detected only in Arctic samples (Arctic-exclusives) showed restricted distribution with relatively low abundances, accounting for 10–16% of the total Arctic OTU pool. OTUs with high abundances in tropical and/or temperate latitudes (non-Polar indicators) were also found in the AO but mainly at its periphery. We observed a large change in community taxonomic composition across the Atlantic-Arctic continuum, supporting the idea that advection and environmental filtering are important processes that shape plankton assemblages in the AO. Altogether, this study highlights the connectivity between the AO and other oceans, and provides a framework for monitoring and assessing future changes in this vulnerable ecosystem.
    Keywords: Marine protists ; Unicellular ; Phytoplankton ; Global change ; Advection ; Environmental filtering
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2= 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2= 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (〉66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions.
    Keywords: community assembly ; dispersal limitation ; environmental selection ; evolutionary principal ; component analysis ; indicator lineage analysis ; Moran's eigenvector maps ; neotropics ; Niche ; conservatism ; tropical rain forests
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Although the general impacts of zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton communities are clear, we know comparatively less about how specific grazing strategies interact with environmental conditions to shape the size structure of phytoplankton communities. Here, we present a new data-driven, size-based model that describes changes in the size composition of lake phytoplankton under various environmental constraints. The model includes an ecological trade-off emerging from observed allometric relationships between (1) phytoplankton cell size and phytoplankton growth and (2) phytoplankton cell size and zooplankton grazing. In our model, phytoplankton growth is nutrient-dependent and zooplankton grazing varies according to specific grazing strategies, namely, specialists (targeting a narrow range of the size-feeding spectrum) vs. generalists (targeting a wide range of the size-feeding spectrum). Our results indicate that grazing strategies shape the size composition of the phytoplankton community in nutrient-rich conditions, whereas inorganic nutrient concentrations govern phytoplankton biomass. Under oligotrophic regimes, the phytoplankton community is dominated by small cell sizes and the grazers have little to no impact. Under eutrophic regimes, dominating specialist grazers push phytoplankton towards small cells, whereas dominating generalist grazers push phytoplankton towards large cells. Our work highlights that trait-based modeling, based on realistic eco-physiological trade-offs, represents a valuable tool for disentangling the interactive roles played by nutrient regimes and grazing strategies in determining the size compositions of lake phytoplankton. Ultimately, our study offers a quantitative basis for understanding how communities of lake phytoplankton may reorganize in the future in response to changes in nutrient levels and zooplankton grazing strategies.
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Sediment mass accumulation rate (MAR) is a proxy for paleoceanographic conditions, especially if biological productivity generated most of the sediment. We determine MAR records from pelagic calcareous sediments in Tasman Sea based on analysis of 11 boreholes and 〉3 million seismic reflection horizon picks. Seismic data from regions of 10,000–30,000 km2 around each borehole were analyzed using data from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 371 and other boreholes. Local MAR was affected by deepwater currents that winnowed, eroded, or deposited seafloor sediment. Therefore, it is necessary to average MARs across regions to test paleoceanographic and productivity models. MARs during the Miocene Climate optimum (18–14 Ma) were slightly lower than Quaternary values but increased on southern Lord Howe Rise at 14–13 Ma, when global climate became colder. Intensification of the Indian and East Asian monsoons at ∼8 Ma and ∼3.6 Ma approximately corresponds to the start and end, respectively, of the Biogenic Bloom, which had MARs at least double Quaternary values. On northern Lord Howe Rise, we recognize peak MARs at∼7 Ma and ∼5 Ma. There is no correlation between Neogene MAR and ocean pH or atmospheric CO2 concentration. Neogene MARs are on average higher than Quaternary values. We posit that future long-term productivity in the southwest Pacific could be higher than Quaternary values, but new computer models that can fit our observations are required to test this hypothesis.
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Rapid onset of subduction tectonics across the western Pacific convergent margins in the early Eocene was followed by a slower phase of margin growth of the proto Tonga-Kermadec subduction system north of Zealandia during a middle Eocene phase of tectonic adjustment. We present new age constraints from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 371 borehole data on deformation events in northern Zealandian sediments that document the formation of the convergent margin boundary northwest of New Zealand. The deformation shows a shortening event that lasted up to 20 myr and acted over distances of ∼1000 km inboard of the evolving plate margin, just northwest of New Zealand. Multichannel seismic profiles tied to our new borehole sites show shortening occurred predominantly between 45 and 35 Ma with some deformation related to slope failure continuing into the Oligocene. The termination of shortening is linked to opening of the backarc basins of the southwest Pacific and the migration of the Tonga-Kermadec Trench to the east which may have removed the structural evidence of the Eocene plate margin. Palaeogene deformation observed inboard of the evolving proto Tonga-Kermadec subduction system indicates that the lithosphere of northern Zealandia, a region of thin continental crust, was strong enough to act as a stress guide. Compressive stresses that caused intraplate folding and faulting developed behind the initiating subduction system with the finite period of deformation indicating the time frame over which an active convergent margin lay along the northern margin of Zealandia.
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Siliceous marine ecosystems play a critical role in shaping the Earth's climate system by influencing rates of organic carbon burial and marine authigenic clay formation (i.e., reverse weathering). The ecological demise of silicifying organisms associated with the Permian-Triassic mass extinction is postulated to have elevated marine authigenic clay formation rates, resulting in a prolonged greenhouse climate during the Early Triassic. Yet, our understanding of the response of siliceous marine organisms during this critical interval is poor. Whilst radiolarians experienced the strongest diversity loss in their evolutionary history and perhaps also the greatest population decline of silica-secreting organisms during this event, only a small number of Griesbachian (post-extinction) localities that record siliceous organisms are known. Here, we report newly discovered latest Changhsingian to early Griesbachian (Clarkina meishanensis - Hindeodus parvus Zone) radiolarians and siliceous sponge spicules from Svalbard. This fauna documents the survival of a low-diversity radiolarian assemblage alongside stem-group hexactinellid sponges making this the first described account of post-extinction silica-secreting organisms from the Permian/Triassic boundary in a shallow marine shelf environment and a mid-northern paleolatitudinal setting. Our findings indicate that latitudinal diversity gradients for silica-secreting organisms following the mass extinction were significantly altered, and that silica productivity was restricted to high latitude and deep water thermal refugia. This result has potential to further shape our understanding of changes in marine dissolved silica levels and in turn rates of reverse weathering, with implications for our understanding of carbon cycle dynamics during this interval.
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Life on Earth is diverse at many levels, meaning there is a lot of variety within species and there are many different kinds of species. This biodiversity provides many of the resources that humans need and enhances our quality of life. All of Earth’s organisms are affected by Earth’s climate, but they also influence Earth’s climate. In this article, we show how research on plants, animals, and microbes helps us better understand how living things can both impact and respond to climate change. This research also gives us insight into what the future might be like for life on Earth. Such knowledge will help us to protect our planet—and the living things on it—from the harmful effects of future climate change.
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Data from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 371 reveal vertical movements of 1–3 km in northern Zealandia during early Cenozoic subduction initiation in the western Pacific Ocean. Lord Howe Rise rose from deep (∼1 km) water to sea level and subsided back, with peak uplift at 50 Ma in the north and between 41 and 32 Ma in the south. The New Caledonia Trough subsided 2–3 km between 55 and 45 Ma. We suggest these elevation changes resulted from crust delamination and mantle flow that led to slab formation. We propose a “subduction resurrection” model in which (1) a subduction rupture event activated lithospheric-scale faults across a broad region during less than ∼5 m.y., and (2) tectonic forces evolved over a further 4–8 m.y. as subducted slabs grew in size and drove plate-motion change. Such a subduction rupture event may have involved nucleation and lateral propagation of slip-weakening rupture along an interconnected set of preexisting weaknesses adjacent to density anomalies.
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Language: English
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Language: German
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/lecture
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Introduction: Urban pluvial flooding is a growing concern worldwide as consequence of rising urban population and climate change induced increases in heavy rainfall. Easy-to-implement and fast simulation tools are needed to cope with this challenge. Methods: This study describes the development of the parsimonious, GPU-accelerated hydraulic model RIM2D for urban pluvial flood simulations. This is achieved by considering the built-up urban area as flow obstacles, and by introducing capacity-based approaches to consider urban drainage by infiltration on pervious surfaces and sewer drainage from roofs and sealed surfaces. The model performance was analyzed by simulating 8 heavy rainfall events in a test area in the city of Dresden, Germany. For these events detailed discharge measurements of sewer discharge are available, providing a unique dataset for evaluating the sewer drainage simulation, which is of high importance for realistic pluvial inundation simulations in urban areas. Results and discussion: We show that the model simulates the temporal dynamics of the sewer discharge and the sewer volume within acceptable ranges. Moreover, the erratic variation of the simulated to measured sewer discharge suggests that the deviations from the measurements are caused by the precipitation input rather than the model simplifications. We conclude that RIM2D is a valid tool for urban inundation simulation. Its short simulation runtimes allow probabilistic flood risk assessments and operational flood forecasts.
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Digital infrastructures have become indispensable in the field of modern research and science. These technological frameworks play a crucial role for the entire research cycle, supporting literature searches, aiding in data collection and analysis, facilitating the creation and publication of scholarly works, and ensuring the thorough documentation and long-term storage of research findings. Additionally, these infrastructures serve as a vital means for networking and communication among peers, creating the essential foundation of an open and transparent science and research ecosystem. Helmholtz employees were invited to join the Helmholtz Open Science Forum "Towards Open Digital Research Ecosystems - Interconnection Infrastructures" on February 14, 2024, where options for the seamless integration of these digital infrastructures have been discussed. Speakers presented insights into diverse efforts to the provision of open infrastructure structures and how their interconnection offers new possibilities for seamless and integrated workflows within the increasingly digitized research. Further, it was examined how such an integrated ecosystem can support open science practices and vice versa
    Language: English
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Plankton community modeling is a critical tool for understanding the processes that shape marine ecosystems and their impacts on global biogeochemical cycles. These models can be of variable ecological, physiological, and physical complexity. Many published models are either not publicly available or implemented in static and inflexible code, thus hampering adoption, collaboration, and reproducibility of results. Here we present Phydra, an open-source library for plankton community modeling, and Xarray-simlab-ODE (XSO), a modular framework for efficient, flexible, and reproducible model development based on ordinary differential equations. Both tools are written in Python. Phydra provides pre-built models and model components that can be modified and assembled to develop plankton community models of various levels of ecological complexity. The components can be created, adapted, and modified using standard variable types provided by the XSO framework. XSO is embedded in the Python scientific ecosystem and is integrated with tools for data analysis and visualization. To demonstrate the range of applicability and how Phydra and XSO can be used to develop and execute models, we present three applications: (1) a highly simplified nutrient–phytoplankton (NP) model in a chemostat setting, (2) a nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton–detritus (NPZD) model in a zero-dimensional pelagic ocean setting, and (3) a size-structured plankton community model that resolves 50 phytoplankton and 50 zooplankton size classes with functional traits determined by allometric relationships. The applications presented here are available as interactive Jupyter notebooks and can be used by the scientific community to build, modify, and run plankton community models based on differential equations for a diverse range of scientific pursuits.
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: On January 22, 2024 the Helmholtz Open Science Office hosted the Second Helmholtz Open Science Forum on the topic of Open Science and Transfer. The online event addressed various aspects and issues around the interplay of Open Science, Technology Transfer, Knowledge Transfer and Citizen Science at the Helmholtz Association. Together with the participants important overlaps were identified against the backdrop of the digital transformation. Open science as a standard for scientific work creates foundations for successful transfer - and both topics can complement each other very well. The Helmholtz-internal event gave insights into current projects and initiatives relating to transfer to society, business and industry. Moreover, Helmholtz initiatives for Citizen Science and the successful practical implementation of Open Hardware were presented. The event also offered opportunities for networking and the exchange of ideas. This report documents the Second Helmholtz Open Science Forum on Open Science and Transfer.
    Language: English
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: On April 13, 2023, the Helmholtz Open Science Office, together with the joint Task Group “Open Access Transformation” of the Working Groups Open Science and Library and Information Management organized a Helmholtz Open Science Forum on Scholar-Led Publishing at Helmholtz. Around 100 people registered for participation. The high level of interest in this event indicates its relevance in the ongoing Open Access-Transformation. Diamond Open Access and scholar-led publishing are current buzzwords in this context; focusing on the stronger localization of scientific publishing opportunities in the scientific environment beyond profit- oriented platforms. The first draft of a position statement on scholar-led publishing at Helmholtz, which was developed together with the Task Group Open Access Transformation, was presented at the forum and participants were invited to discuss and comment on it. Presentations and discussions provided insights into various operating models and workflows of external Diamond Open Access journals, service providers and publication services already active in the natural sciences, as well as those operated by Helmholtz Centers. In addition, the EU Commission's perspectives on the further development of the Open Research Europe publication platform were presented.
    Language: English
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  • 35
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Loginova, Alexandra; Thomsen, Soeren; Dengler, Marcus; Lüdke, Jan; Engel, Anja (2019): Diapycnal dissolved organic matter supply into the upper Peruvian oxycline. Biogeosciences, 16(9), 2033-2047, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2033-2019
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), amino acids and carbohydrates
    Keywords: amino acids; carbohydrates; Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean; Dissolved Organic Matter; eastern tropical South Pacific; SFB754
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Sediment and pore water samples were collected during the M147 cruise of Research Vessel Meteor in April and May 2018. Additional sediment samples (GeoB 4417-5 and GeoB 4409-2) were collected during the M38-2 cruise in March 1997. Total element concentrations (Fe, Al, K) of the solid phase were measured after acid digestion (HF, HNO3 and HClO4) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (Varian ICP 720-ES). Solid phase iron speciation data were measured following single step sodium dithionite extraction (FeD) or sequential Fe extraction (FeAc, FeDith, FeOxal) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (Varian ICP 720-ES). Solid phase pyrite concentrations (FePy) were calculated stoichiometrically from photometrically measured S2- released via chromium(II) chloride reduction. Total organic carbon (TOC) of the sediment samples was measured in an Elemental Analyzer (Euro EA). Prior to analysis carbon bound to carbonate minerals was removed by leaching the sediment with 0.25 N HCl. Pore water nitrate concentrations were measured on board with a SEAL QuAAtro continuous flow auto analyzer. Pore water samples for dissolved element analysis were acidified with HCl to pH 〈 2 after sampling. Depending on the concentration range, pore water K and Fe was measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (Varian 720 ES) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Agilent 7500).
    Keywords: continental shelf; Fe speciation; porewater; sediment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 17 datasets
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The volume low-field susceptibility (k) and the Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization (ARM) divided by k were measured using u-channel sampling technique on 2G cryogenic magnetometers at the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE). The Summer sea surface temperature has been determined by N. pachyderma s. percentages and planktic foraminifera assemblages (in the 〉150µ fraction) at LSCE. The percentage of clay and silt were measured at Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Université de Lille, using a laser (0.02 -2000 µm) Malvern Mastersizer 2000.
    Keywords: Antarctic Circumpolar Current; magnetic parameters; mineralogic parameters; Summer sea surface temperature
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 38
    facet.materialart.
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Fiedler, Björn; Grundle, Damian; Schütte, Florian; Karstensen, Johannes; Löscher, Carolin R; Hauss, Helena; Wagner, Hannes; Loginova, Alexandra; Kiko, Rainer; Silva, Pericles; Tanhua, Toste; Körtzinger, Arne (2016): Oxygen utilization and downward carbon flux in an oxygen-depleted eddy in the eastern tropical North Atlantic. Biogeosciences, 13(19), 5633-5647, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5633-2016
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The occurrence of mesoscale eddies that develop suboxic environments at shallow depth (about 40-100 m) has recently been reported for the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA). Their hydrographic structure suggests that the water mass inside the eddy is well isolated from ambient waters supporting the development of severe near-surface oxygen deficits. So far, hydrographic and biogeochemical characterization of these eddies was limited to a few autonomous surveys, with the use of moorings, under water gliders and profiling floats. In this study we present results from the first dedicated biogeochemical survey of one of these eddies conducted in March 2014 near the Cape Verde Ocean Observatory (CVOO). During the survey the eddy core showed oxygen concentrations as low as 5 µmol kg-1 with a pH of around 7.6 at approximately 100 m depth. Correspondingly, the aragonite saturation level dropped to 1 at the same depth, thereby creating unfavorable conditions for calcifying organisms. To our knowledge, such enhanced acidity within near-surface waters has never been reported before for the open Atlantic Ocean. Vertical distributions of particulate organic matter and dissolved organic matter (POM and DOM), generally showed elevated concentrations in the surface mixed layer (0-70 m), with DOM also accumulating beneath the oxygen minimum. With the use of reference data from the upwelling region where these eddies are formed, the oxygen utilization rate was calculated by determining oxygen consumption through the remineralization of organic matter. Inside the core, we found these rates were almost 1 order of magnitude higher (apparent oxygen utilization rate (aOUR); 0.26 µmol kg-1 day-1) than typical values for the open North Atlantic. Computed downward fluxes for particulate organic carbon (POC), were around 0.19 to 0.23 g C m-2 day-1 at 100 m depth, clearly exceeding fluxes typical for an oligotrophic open-ocean setting. The observations support the view that the oxygen-depleted eddies can be viewed as isolated, westwards propagating upwelling systems of their own, thereby represent re-occurring alien biogeochemical environments in the ETNA.
    Keywords: CARBOCHANGE; CARBOOCEAN; Changes in the carbon uptake and emissions by oceans in a changing climate; Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean; Marine carbon sources and sinks assessment; SFB754; SOPRAN; Surface Ocean Processes in the Anthropocene
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The volume low-field susceptibility (k) and the Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization (ARM) divided by k were measured using u-channel sampling technique on 2G cryogenic magnetometers at the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE). The percentage of clay and silt were measured at Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Université de Lille, using a laser (0.02 -2000 µm) Malvern Mastersizer 2000.
    Keywords: last deglaciation; magnetic parameters; mineralogic parameters
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2, 3.3 Ma, is an isolated cold stage punctuating the benthic oxygen isotope (δ¹⁸O) stratigraphy of the warm Piacenzian interval of the late Pliocene Epoch. The prominent (~0.65‰) δ¹⁸O increase that defines MIS M2 has prompted debate over the extent to which it signals an early prelude to the rhythmic extensive glaciations of the northern hemisphere that characterise the Quaternary and raised questions about the forcing mechanisms responsible. Recent work suggests that CO₂ storage in the deep Atlantic Ocean played an important role in these events but detailed reconstructions of deep ocean chemical stratification are needed to test this idea and competing hypotheses. Here we present new records of the Nd isotope composition of fish debris and δ¹³C and B/Ca ratios of benthic foraminifera from the northwest and southeast Atlantic Ocean. Our novel geochemical data show that, in contrast to major Quaternary glaciations such as MIS 2 (~21 ka) and MIS 100 (~2.52 Ma), the deep North Atlantic Ocean was weakly chemically stratified during MIS M2. We show that Southern Component Water incursion into the Atlantic Ocean was limited to the deep South Atlantic basin during MIS M2 and peaked well before (~10-15-kyr) the atmospheric CO₂ minimum. Our findings imply that the deep Atlantic Ocean was not the principle sink of CO₂ sequestered from the atmosphere during MIS M2, implicating a different CO₂ storage deep-water reservoir mechanism, presumably Southern Component Water incursion into the Pacific Ocean. Weak chemical stratification in the deep Atlantic Ocean during MIS M2 relative to MIS 100 and 2 suggests comparatively active Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. That suggestion is consistent with the warmth of the high latitude North Atlantic during MIS M2 - surface water temperatures cooled during M2 but only to Holocene values. Our findings may help to explain the paucity of evidence for extensive early glaciation of the northern hemisphere during M2 but leave open the possibility of ice sheet advance on Antarctica.
    Keywords: AMOC; Atlantic circulation; B/Ca; Last Glacial; MIS 100; MIS M2; Nd isotopes
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    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The data contain the age model data for IODP Expedition 383 Sites U1540 and U1541. The age model of Site U1540 is on graphical correlation (tuning) to IODP Site U1541. Opal content data and opal/CaCO3 ratios are represented for IODP Expedition 383 Sites and POLARSTERN Cruise PS75 sediment cores. The data contain the ACC strength record at IODP Site U1540 and Site U1541 and several PS75 sediment cores. The absolute ACC strength record was calculated from sortable silt data using a formula from the Scotia Sea by McCave et al. (2017). The sortable silt record was calculated from ln(Zr/Rb) using a regional calibration from discrete grain-size measurement. The ln(Zr(/Rb record was interpolated to 0.5 kyr and 9-point adjacent averaged.
    Keywords: Age model; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP; Stratigraphy
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 12 datasets
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Keywords: Absorption coefficient, 325 nm; Absorption coefficient, 355 nm; Absorption coefficient, 375 nm; Cape Verde; CapeVerde_2012_Mesocosm; Carbon, organic, dissolved; Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean; Coomassie stainable particles; Coomassie stainable particles, abundance; Coomassie stainable particles, equivalent spherical diameter; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Fluorescence, dissolved organic matter, component; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Nitrogen, organic, dissolved; Nitrogen, total dissolved; Ratio; Run ID; Sample code/label; SFB754; Slope; Slope between 275 nm and 295 nm; Slope between 350 nm and 400 nm; Slope ratio; Spectral slope of colored dissolved organic matter absorption; Transparent exopolymer particles; Transparent exopolymer particles, abundance; Transparent exopolymer particles, equivalent spherical diameter; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6236 data points
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Important data from the African Centre of Meteorological Applications for Development (ACMAD) collection have been recently rescued from unstable fiche media and scanned to digital images by the EU funded Copernicus Climate Change Service and the Royal Meteorological Institute (RMI) of Belgium. The team at the C3S2-311 Lot 1 Collection and Processing of In Situ Observations service led by the Irish Climate Analysis and Research UnitS (ICARUS) at Maynooth University, Ireland enrolled the help of 2nd year university undergraduate students to transcribe quickly and effectively some of these important ACMAD meteorological surface observations. New and unique datasets for Macenta, Guinea (1947-1953) and Andapa, Madagascar (1949-1957) were digitised with each station consisting of sub-daily observations for: cloud, temperature, humidity, evaporation, pressure and wind as well as daily observations for: evaporation, precipitation and temperature. The newly digitised Sub-Saharan African data will increase the temporal and spatial coverage of data in this important data-sparse region where climate change impact studies are crucial., Students gained new skills and a deep appreciation of historical climatology while helping the global scientific community unearth new insights into past sub-Saharan African climate. The Climate Data Rescue Africa project (CliDaR-Africa project) model has the potential for a broader roll-out to other educational contexts and there is certainly no shortage of data to be rescued with millions of images remaining untouched. Therefore, this paper provides details of the project, and all supporting information such as project guidelines and templates to enable other organisations to instigate similar programs in future.
    Keywords: Climate data; meteorological observations; Sub-Saharan Africa
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 28 datasets
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This dataset presents benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O chronostratigraphies for International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1541, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1090 and ODP Site 980-981 based on different tuning targets including LR04 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005), LR09 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2009), CENOGRID (Westerhold et al., 2020) and Probstack (Ahn et al., 2017) obtained by Middleton et al. (2024). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record for IODP Site U1541 (54°13'S, 125°25'W) recently recovered from the central South Pacific on IODP Expedition 383 (Winckler et al., 2021) is shown for the first time and is published in Middleton et al. (2024). All data records are based on Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Cibicides kullenbergi, or combinations thereof. The dataset provides the basis for investigating and discussing the uncertainties of benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O stratigraphies for conventional manual and automated tuning techniques and evaluate their impact on sedimentary age models over the past 3.5 Myr (Middleton et al., 2024).
    Keywords: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 7 datasets
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Two 7-day mesocosm experiments were conducted in October 2012 at the Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento das Pescas (INDP), Mindelo, Cape Verde. Surface water was collected at night before the start of the respective experiment with RV Islândia south of São Vicente (16°44.4'N, 25°09.4'W) and transported to shore using four 600L food safe intermediate bulk containers. Sixteen mesocosm bags were distributed in four flow-through water baths and shaded with blue, transparent lids to approximately 20% of surface irradiation. Mesocosm bags were filled from the containers by gravity, using a submerged hose to minimize bubbles. The accurate volume inside the individual bags was calculated after addition of 1.5 mmol silicate and measuring the resulting silicate concentration. The volume ranged from 105.5 to 145 L. The experimental manipulation comprised addition of different amounts of inorganic N and P. In the first experiment, the P supply was changed at constant N supply in thirteen of the sixteen units, while in the second experiment the N supply was changed at constant P supply in twelve of the sixteen units. In addition to this, “cornerpoints” were chosen that were repeated during both experiments. Four cornerpoints should have been repeated, but setting the nutrient levels in one mesocosm was not succesfull and therefore this mesocosm also was set at the center point conditions. Experimental treatments were evenly distributed between the four water baths. Initial sampling of the mesocosms on day 1 of each run was conducted between 9:45 and 11:30. After nutrient manipulation, sampling was conducted on a daily basis between 09:00 and 10:30 for days 2 to 8.
    Keywords: Cape Verde; CapeVerde_2012_Mesocosm; Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean; Identification; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Nitrate; Nitrate and Nitrite; Nitrate and Nitrite, standard deviation; Nitrite; Nitrite, standard deviation; Nitrogen/Phosphorus ratio; Phosphate; Phosphate, standard deviation; Run ID; Sample code/label; SFB754; Silicate; Silicate, standard deviation; Treatment; Volume
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 586 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Two 7-day mesocosm experiments were conducted in October 2012 at the Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento das Pescas (INDP), Mindelo, Cape Verde. Surface water was collected at night before the start of the respective experiment with RV Islândia south of São Vicente (16°44.4'N, 25°09.4'W) and transported to shore using four 600L food safe intermediate bulk containers. Sixteen mesocosm bags were distributed in four flow-through water baths and shaded with blue, transparent lids to approximately 20% of surface irradiation. Mesocosm bags were filled from the containers by gravity, using a submerged hose to minimize bubbles. The accurate volume inside the individual bags was calculated after addition of 1.5 mmol silicate and measuring the resulting silicate concentration. The volume ranged from 105.5 to 145 L. The experimental manipulation comprised addition of different amounts of inorganic N and P. In the first experiment, the P supply was changed at constant N supply in thirteen of the sixteen units, while in the second experiment the N supply was changed at constant P supply in twelve of the sixteen units. In addition to this, “cornerpoints” were chosen that were repeated during both experiments. Four cornerpoints should have been repeated, but setting the nutrient levels in one mesocosm was not succesfull and therefore this mesocosm also was set at the center point conditions. Experimental treatments were evenly distributed between the four water baths. Initial sampling of the mesocosms on day 1 of each run was conducted between 9:45 and 11:30. After nutrient manipulation, sampling was conducted on a daily basis between 09:00 and 10:30 for days 2 to 8.
    Keywords: Cape Verde; CapeVerde_2012_Mesocosm; Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean; Comment; DATE/TIME; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Radiation, photosynthetically active; SFB754; Status
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 858 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: As part of the hydro-meteorological measurement campaign SwabianMOSES 2021 time-domain transmission soil moisture sensors and temperature sensors with custom-made logger systems were used to measure time series of these soil state variables. The aim of these investigations was to provide data on physical soil properties used in a cross-disciplinary approach for a better understanding of hydro-meteorological extremes (such as high precipitation events and droughts). Each measurement site consisted of sensors at three depths with two sensors each. Logger systems were installed at six different observation sites which were distributed across the whole campaign target area in the vicinity of the Swabian Jura in Germany. Decisions on the specific installation depths were made during the installation at the respective sites based on the constitution of the local soil profiles. Installation protocols with a brief soil profile description and photos are part of this dataset. The dataset contains the values of location and time (UTC), soil temperature (in °C), relative permittivity and soil moisture (in % vol) derived from permittivity. Determination of soil moisture was done using the formula of Topp et al. (1980). As sensors, the SMT100 soil moisture sensor with integrated temperature measurement were used. All sensors were installed within the upper 50cm below ground. The exact depths for each sensor are listed in the comments.
    Keywords: 2021_MOSES_Swabian; Baden-Wuerttemberg; DATE/TIME; Event label; Field measurements; hail; In-Situ Measurements; Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems; MOSES; MOSES_1_Rottenburg; MOSES_3_Haigerloch; MOSES_42_Steinlach; MOSES_61_Grossbettlingen; MOSES_63_Reutlingen-Betzingen; MOSES_70_Lauswiesen; MULT; Multiple investigations; Permittivity, relative; Sampling on land; SMT100; Soil moisture; Soil Moisture; Soil moisture and temperature sensor, SMT100, Truebner GmbH; soil moisture content; soil permittivity; soil temperature; Swabian MOSES; TDT; Temperature, soil; weather extremes
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4561020 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 48
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Franke, Andrea; Clemmesen, Catriona (2011): Effect of ocean acidification on early life stages of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.). Biogeosciences, 8(12), 3697-3707, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3697-2011
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Due to atmospheric accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in surface seawater increases and the pH decreases. This process known as ocean acidification might have severe effects on marine organisms and ecosystems. The present study addresses the effect of ocean acidification on early developmental stages, the most sensitive stages in life history, of the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.). Eggs of the Atlantic herring were fertilized and incubated in artificially acidified seawater (pCO2 1260, 1859, 2626, 2903, 4635 µatm) and a control treatment (pCO2 480 µatm) until the main hatch of herring larvae occurred. The development of the embryos was monitored daily and newly hatched larvae were sampled to analyze their morphometrics, and their condition by measuring the RNA/DNA ratios. Elevated pCO2 neither affected the embryogenesis nor the hatch rate. Furthermore the results showed no linear relationship betweenpCO2 and total length, dry weight, yolk sac area and otolith area of the newly hatched larvae. For pCO2 and RNA/DNA ratio, however, a significant negative linear relationship was found. The RNA concentration at hatching was reduced at higher pCO2 levels, which could lead to a decreased protein biosynthesis. The results indicate that an increased pCO2 can affect the metabolism of herring embryos negatively. Accordingly, further somatic growth of the larvae could be reduced. This can have consequences for the larval fish, since smaller and slow growing individuals have a lower survival potential due to lower feeding success and increased predation mortality. The regulatory mechanisms necessary to compensate for effects of hypercapnia could therefore lead to lower larval survival. Since the recruitment of fish seems to be determined during the early life stages, future research on the factors influencing these stages are of great importance in fisheries science.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Baltic Sea; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Chordata; Clupea harengus; Clupea harengus, dry mass; Clupea harengus, eggs, malformed; Clupea harengus, length; Clupea harengus, lupillus area; Clupea harengus, sagitta area; Clupea harengus, yolk sac area; Coast and continental shelf; Conductivity meter (WTW, Weilheim, Gemany); EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Experimental treatment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Hatching rate; Laboratory experiment; Measured; Microbalance (Sartorius); Mortality; Nekton; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Replicates; Reproduction; Ribonucleic acid/Deoxyribonucleic acid ratio; Salinity; Single species; Stereomicroscopy (Leica); Temperate; Temperature, standard deviation; Temperature, water; Titration potentiometric
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 951 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Underway temperature and salinity data was collected along the cruise track with two autonomous measurement systems, called self-cleaning monitoring boxes (SMBs). Usually, the SMBs are changed after 12 hours. While temperature is taken at the water inlet in about 3 m depth, salinity is estimated within the SMB from conductivity and interior temperature. No calibration was performed, neither for temperature nor for salinity. For details to all processing steps see Data Processing Report.
    Keywords: DAM_Underway; DAM Underway Research Data; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; GPF 19-2-012; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Measurement container; Quality flag, salinity; Quality flag, water temperature; Salinity; Seadatanet flag: Data quality control procedures according to SeaDataNet (2010); SO277; SO277_0_Underway-1; Sonne_2; Temperature, water; Thermosalinograph; TSG
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 182814 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Pore water nitrate concentrations were measured on board with a SEAL QuAAtro continuous flow auto analyzer. Pore water samples for dissolved element analysis were acidified with HCl to pH 〈 2 after sampling. Depending on the concentration range, pore water K and Fe was measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (Varian 720 ES) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Agilent 7500).
    Keywords: continental shelf; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Fe speciation; Iron; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; M147; M147_41-1; Meteor (1986); MUC; MultiCorer; Nitrate; porewater; Potassium; Sample code/label; Sample elevation; sediment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 48 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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