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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-06-21
    Description:    Millions of fish ascend through fishways in South America every year, but there is no evidence that downstream passage is occurring in large dams. Based on this concern, this study monitored the fish ladder at Lajeado Dam, Tocantins River, a large Amazonian tributary. To investigate the extent of downstream movements through the fishway, ascending and descending movements were quantified between November 2007 and October 2008. Monitoring showed that the ladder is restrictive to many species in both directions, but downstream passage was much more limited: almost all fish captured in the ladder (99.5%) were ascending the facility. Consequently, the numerical ratio between ascending and descending fish (ind./m 2 ) showed high positive values throughout the year (1508:1 on average); migratory species showed higher ratios. All results showed that downstream passage through the ladder is very limited, and that the facility allows only one-way movements (i.e., upstream). This is the first empirical evidence showing that a ladder is critically deficient for downstream passage of fishes in South America. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s10750-011-0787-0 Authors Carlos Sérgio Agostinho, Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais (Neamb), Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Rua 3, Quadra 17, Jardim dos Ipês, Porto Nacional, TO 77500-000, Brazil Fernando Mayer Pelicice, Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais (Neamb), Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Rua 3, Quadra 17, Jardim dos Ipês, Porto Nacional, TO 77500-000, Brazil Elineide Eugênio Marques, Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais (Neamb), Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Rua 3, Quadra 17, Jardim dos Ipês, Porto Nacional, TO 77500-000, Brazil Anderson Brito Soares, Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais (Neamb), Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Rua 3, Quadra 17, Jardim dos Ipês, Porto Nacional, TO 77500-000, Brazil Deusimar Augusto Alves de Almeida, Investco S.A., Miracema do Tocantins, TO, Brazil Journal Hydrobiologia Online ISSN 1573-5117 Print ISSN 0018-8158
    Print ISSN: 0018-8158
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5117
    Topics: Biology
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-06-21
    Description:    Marine sponges of the class Hexactinellida (glass sponges) are among the most understudied groups of Porifera, and molecular approaches to investigating their evolution have only recently emerged. Although these first results appeared reliable as they largely corroborated morphology-based hypotheses, they were almost exclusively based on ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) and should, therefore, be further tested with independent types of genetic data, such as protein-coding genes. To this end, we established the mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) as an additional marker, and conducted phylogenetic analyses on DNA- and amino-acid level, as well as a supermatrix analysis based on combined COI DNA and rDNA alignments. Furthermore, we increased taxon sampling compared to previous studies by adding seven additional species. The COI-based phylogenies were largely congruent with the rDNA-based phylogeny but suffered from poor bootstrap support for many nodes. However, addition of the COI sequences to the rDNA data set increased resolution of the overall molecular phylogeny. Thus, although obtaining COI sequences from glass sponges turned out to be quite challenging, this gene appears to be a valuable supplement to rDNA data for molecular evolutionary studies of this group. Some implications of our extended phylogeny for the evolution and systematics of Hexactinellida are discussed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s10750-011-0727-z Authors Martin Dohrmann, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, LMU Munich, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany Karri M. Haen, Department of Ecology, Evolution & Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA Dennis V. Lavrov, Department of Ecology, Evolution & Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA Gert Wörheide, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, LMU Munich, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany Journal Hydrobiologia Online ISSN 1573-5117 Print ISSN 0018-8158
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    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5117
    Topics: Biology
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-06-21
    Description:    Two sympatric and divergent adaptive ecotypes of Littorina saxatilis (RB and SU) are known to hybridize showing partial premating isolation in the wild. Previous studies have revealed that morphological intermediate forms (presumably hybrids) present fitness (viability, sexual selection and fecundity) similar to that from pure ecotypes at the mid-shore. However, the absence of postzygotic isolation due to genetic incompatibility cannot be ruled out unless it is measured directly on true F 1 hybrids. In this study, we overcome this problem and present data on 56 individual crosses including the four possible mating combinations (RB/RB, RB/SU, SU/RB and SU/SU) to compare fertilization and fecundity rates (including young progeny viability) between the four type crosses. Pooled RB female crosses showed apparently larger fertility and fecundity than pooled SU female crosses, probably because of differences in fecundity and laboratory survivorship between ecotypes. However, similar fertilization and fecundity rates were found for both RB and SU females when mated with different male types, supporting the idea that genetic-incompatibility-based postzygotic isolation can be ignored as a major determinant of this polymorphism in nature. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s10750-011-0788-z Authors M. Saura, Departamento de Bioquímica, Xenética e Inmunoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain M. Martínez-Fernández, Departamento de Bioquímica, Xenética e Inmunoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain M. J. Rivas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Xenética e Inmunoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain A. Caballero, Departamento de Bioquímica, Xenética e Inmunoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain E. Rolán-Alvarez, Departamento de Bioquímica, Xenética e Inmunoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain Journal Hydrobiologia Online ISSN 1573-5117 Print ISSN 0018-8158
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    Topics: Biology
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-06-21
    Description:    Rewetting can strongly affect the matter balance of peatlands. Owing to evidence of increasing CH 4 emissions and P mobilisation after rewetting, the effects of peatland restoration on climate, eutrophication risks and related controversies are discussed. Our study focuses on the role of helophytes in the carbon and nutrient balance of rewetted fen grasslands of NE Germany. We hypothesise that the helophytes Carex riparia , Glyceria maxima , Phalaris arundinacea , Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia differ in biomass production and nutrient standing stock according to site conditions and harvest time. We analysed the helophyte biomass three times a year and continuously measured water levels and quality. Biomass production, nutrient standing stock and litter accumulation were highly species specific and depended on nutrient availability, mean water levels and harvesting time. We conclude that helophytes store considerable amounts of carbon and temporarily improve the water quality by withdrawing high amounts of nutrients from the top soil during the growing season, and by reducing nutrient discharges. Restoring peatlands as effective nutrient and carbon sinks in the landscape should favour highly productive potentially peat-forming helophytes as Phragmites australis by establishing adequate water levels. If nutrients are to be removed from the degraded peatland, then management can combine the restoration of helophyte stands by rewetting with harvesting measures. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-16 DOI 10.1007/s10750-011-0782-5 Authors Karsten Schulz, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Grimmer Str. 88, 17487 Greifswald, Germany Tiemo Timmermann, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Grimmer Str. 88, 17487 Greifswald, Germany Peggy Steffenhagen, LUP—Luftbild Umwelt Planung GmbH, Große Weinmeisterstraße 3a, 14469 Potsdam, Germany Stefan Zerbe, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy Michael Succow, Michael Succow Foundation, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Grimmer Str. 88, 17487 Greifswald, Germany Journal Hydrobiologia Online ISSN 1573-5117 Print ISSN 0018-8158
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    Topics: Biology
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-06-21
    Description:    Ecologically specialized species may be more susceptible to anthropogenic impacts than generalist species. Japan’s native bitterlings (subfamily Acheilognathinae), which are specialized to spawn on the gills of certain freshwater mussels, have been declining dramatically during the last few decades. To identify factors affecting the local occurrence of the threatened bitterling species Tanakia lanceolata , we measured its presence and absence, along with several environmental factors, at 68 sites within agricultural canal networks in the Lake Mikata basin, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. Based on the theoretical information approach of Akaike’s information criterion, generalized linear mixed models were constructed. These revealed that the species’ occurrence is strongly affected by five major factors: the presence of freshwater mussels Anodonta sp., water depth, floating plants coverage, the presence of bullfrogs, and submerged plants coverage. The probability of the presence of T. lanceolata was higher at shallower sites with lower floating plants coverage, located within channels containing mussel beds. These results suggest that mussel-containing channel systems are high-priority conservation zones for T. lanceolata . Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s10750-011-0790-5 Authors Akira Terui, Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan Shin-ichiro S. Matsuzaki, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan Kohji Kodama, Fukui Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Urazoko, Tsuruga-shi, Fukui 914-0843, Japan Masamitsu Tada, Fukui Prefectural Coastal Nature Center, 18-2 Sekumi, Mikatakaminaka-gun, Fukui 919-1464, Japan Izumi Washitani, Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan Journal Hydrobiologia Online ISSN 1573-5117 Print ISSN 0018-8158
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    Topics: Biology
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-06-21
    Description:    Daphnia subfossils from lake sediments are useful for exploring the impacts of environmental stressors on aquatic ecosystems. Unfortunately, taxonomic resolution of Daphnia remains is coarse, as only a small portion of the animal is preserved, and so the identification of daphniid subfossils typically relies upon postabdominal claws. Daphniid claws can be assigned to one of two species complexes: D. longispina or D. pulex . Both complexes contain species with differing environmental optima, and therefore improved taxonomic resolution of subfossil daphniid claws would aid paleolimnological analyses. To identify morphological features that may be used to help differentiate between species within complexes, we used species presence/absence data from net tows to select lakes in central Ontario (Canada) containing only a single species from a particular complex, then used remains preserved in surface sediments of these lakes to isolate four Daphnia species: D.   ambigua and D.   mendotae from the D. longispina complex, and D. pulicaria and D. catawba from the D. pulex complex. Our analyses demonstrate that, within the D.   longispina complex, postabdominal claw length (PCL) and spinule length can be used to distinguish D. mendotae from D. ambigua . In addition, within the D. pulex complex, there are differences between D. pulicaria and D. catawba in the relative lengths of the proximal and middle combs on the postabdominal claw. However, the number of stout spines on the middle comb is an unreliable character for differentiating species. Overall, our data demonstrate that greater resolution within Daphnia species complexes is possible using postabdominal claws; however, the process is arduous, and applicability will likely decrease with the number of taxa present. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s10750-011-0779-0 Authors Jennifer B. Korosi, Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Adam Jeziorski, Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada John P. Smol, Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Journal Hydrobiologia Online ISSN 1573-5117 Print ISSN 0018-8158
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-06-23
    Description:    The European Union’s Water Framework Directive has set a target of achieving good ecological status for all aquatic environments in Europe by 2015. In order to determine the quality of aquatic environments, biological indicators such as diatoms are often used. However, biotic diatom indices can be difficult and time consuming to use because of complexity of species determination. We investigated whether the biological traits of diatoms in rivers (life-forms, size classes and ecological guilds) could be used to assess organic pollution and trophic level. We worked on a data set comprising 315 diatom species, determined at 328 river stations of south-east France and a variety of parameters. The abundances of some biological traits differed significantly between the different organic pollution and trophic levels, particularly stalked diatoms, and the motile and low-profile guilds. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-13 DOI 10.1007/s10750-011-0786-1 Authors Vincent Berthon, INRA, UMR CARRTEL, 75 av. de Corzent, BP 511, 74203 Thonon-les-Bains Cedex, France Agnès Bouchez, INRA, UMR CARRTEL, 75 av. de Corzent, BP 511, 74203 Thonon-les-Bains Cedex, France Frédéric Rimet, INRA, UMR CARRTEL, 75 av. de Corzent, BP 511, 74203 Thonon-les-Bains Cedex, France Journal Hydrobiologia Online ISSN 1573-5117 Print ISSN 0018-8158
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    Topics: Biology
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-06-26
    Description:    Quantitative genetic studies in natural populations are of growing interest to speciation research since divergence is often believed to arise through micro-evolutionary change, caused by natural selection on functional morphological traits. The species flock of cichlid fishes in Africa’s oldest lake, Lake Tanganyika, offers a rare opportunity to study this process. Using the cichlid species Tropheus moorii , we assessed the potential for microevolution in a set of morphological traits by estimating their quantitative genetic basis of variation. Two approaches were employed: (1) estimation of trait heritabilities ( h 2 ) in situ from a sample of wild caught fish, and (2) estimation of h 2 from first generation offspring produced in a semi-natural breeding experiment. In both cases, microsatellite data were used to infer pedigree structure among the sampled individuals and estimates of h 2 were made using an animal model approach. Although power was limited by the pedigree structures estimated (particularly in the wild caught sample), we nonetheless demonstrate the presence of significant additive genetic variance for aspects of morphology that, in the cichlid species Tropheus moorii , are expected to be functionally and ecologically important, and therefore likely targets of natural selection. We hypothesize that traits showing significant additive genetic variance, such as the mouth position have most likely played a key role in the adaptive evolution of the cichlid fish Tropheus moorii . Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s10750-011-0785-2 Authors Martin Koch, Department of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria Alastair J. Wilson, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT UK Michaela Kerschbaumer, Department of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria Thomas Wiedl, Department of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria Christian Sturmbauer, Department of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria Journal Hydrobiologia Online ISSN 1573-5117 Print ISSN 0018-8158
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-06-15
    Description:    Genetic variability within and among Bulinus truncatus of the Albertine Rift freshwater bodies were assessed to investigate the degree of inbreeding and gene flow in the snail populations. The effect of ploidy on the genetic structuring of B.   truncatus is also described. We characterized the genetic structure of seven B.   truncatus populations from Lake Albert, Lake Kivu, and Katosho swamp in Tanzania using five polymorphic microsatellite loci. Genetic differentiation was quantified using pairwise FST values and Nei’s standard genetic distances. Different alleles were observed across all loci and genetic diversity was low although it varied greatly across populations; observed heterozygosity was, however, higher than the expected heterozygosity in three of the populations studied. Significant heterozygote deficiencies were observed coupled with significant linkage disequilibria in five populations for all the five loci examined in this study. We found significant genetic differentiation among the seven freshwater bodies; private alleles were observed across all loci indicating restricted or absence of gene flow between populations. Limited snail dispersal and the reproductive biology of B.   truncatus are the major forces shaping the genetic variation observed. Low genetic variation within B.   truncatus populations exposes them to a high parasite infection risk as predicted in the Red Queen hypothesis. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s10750-011-0749-6 Authors Allen Nalugwa, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Makerere University, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 7298, Kampala, Uganda Aslak Jørgensen, Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Sølvgade 83, 1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark Silvester Nyakaana, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Makerere University, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 7298, Kampala, Uganda Thomas K. Kristensen, The Mandahl-Barth Research Centre for Biodiversity and Health, DBL-Parasitology, Health and Development, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark Journal Hydrobiologia Online ISSN 1573-5117 Print ISSN 0018-8158
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-06-15
    Description:    Previous phylogenetic investigations on the mayfly Baetis rhodani Pictet from several European countries, excluding Italy, strongly suggested the presence of cryptic species. Our paper reports a DNA-taxonomy phylogenetic analysis of B. rhodani with additional populations coming from Italian and UK sites, and aims to identify potential cryptic species with a coalescent-based method (GMYC model) and to understand the mechanisms of local coexistence of cryptic species. Twenty-five haplotypes of Italian samples and five haplotypes of UK samples were identified and added to a large European dataset. A total of 11 potential cryptic species have been recognised, and three of them co-occured in one Italian area. Such cryptic species seem to be phylogenetically over-dispersed on the tree and temporally segregated, and the seasonal substitution pattern of cryptic species could explain the apparently widespread distribution of the B. rhodani complex and its ability to adapt to different temperatures and food resources, justifying some of the differences observed in the relationship between water temperature, growth rates and phenology documented from field studies. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s10750-011-0778-1 Authors Livia Lucentini, Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy Manuela Rebora, Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy Maria Elena Puletti, Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy Lilia Gigliarelli, Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy Diego Fontaneto, Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, SL5 7PY Ascot, Berkshire, UK Elda Gaino, Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy Fausto Panara, Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy Journal Hydrobiologia Online ISSN 1573-5117 Print ISSN 0018-8158
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