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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Ecological indicators for monitoring strategies are expected to combine three major characteristics: ecological significance, statistical credibility, and cost-effectiveness. Strategies based on stranding networks rank highly in cost-effectiveness, but their ecological significance and statistical credibility are disputed. Our present goal is to improve the value of stranding data as population indicator as part of monitoring strategies by constructing the spatial and temporal null hypothesis for strandings. The null hypothesis is defined as: small cetacean distribution and mortality are uniform in space and constant in time. We used a drift model to map stranding probabilities and predict stranding patterns of cetacean carcasses under H0 across the North Sea, the Channel and the Bay of Biscay, for the period 1990–2009. As the most common cetacean occurring in this area, we chose the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena for our modelling. The difference between these strandings expected under H0 and observed strandings is defined as the stranding anomaly. It constituted the stranding data series corrected for drift conditions. Seasonal decomposition of stranding anomaly suggested that drift conditions did not explain observed seasonal variations of porpoise strandings. Long-term stranding anomalies increased first in the southern North Sea, the Channel and Bay of Biscay coasts, and finally the eastern North Sea. The hypothesis of changes in porpoise distribution was consistent with local visual surveys, mostly SCANS surveys (1994 and 2005). This new indicator could be applied to cetacean populations across the world and more widely to marine megafauna.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    In:  EPIC3
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Eiskerne sind ein einmaliger Zugang zur Atmosphäre vergangener Zeiten. Aber was ist daran so spannend? Eines der ungelösten Probleme bei der Erforschung des Klimas der Vergangenheit ist wie es vor ca. 1.5 Millionen Jahren (für Geologen: im mittleren Pleistozän) dazu kam, dass sich der wiederkehrende Wechsel der Kalt- und Warmzeiten von 40 Tausend auf 100 Tausend Jahre vergrößerte. Das europäische Projekt Beyond EPICA – Oldest Ice will dem auf den Grund gehen. Dazu soll in der Antarktis der ersten Eiskern erbohrt werden, mit dem uralte Lufteinschlüsse an die Oberfläche gebracht werden, die diesen Zeitraum kontinuierlich abdecken. In Episode 149 gibt Olaf Eisen, Professor für Glaziologie am Alfred-Wegener-Institut und der Universität Bremen, in seinem Vortrag einen Einblick in die Motivation für das Projekt und die bisherige Reise zu einem neuen Eiskern.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The Arctic Ocean is one of the regions where anthropogenic environmental change is progressing most rapidly and drastically. The impact of rising temperatures and decreasing sea ice on Arctic marine microbial communities is yet not well understood. Microbes form the basis of food webs in the Arctic Ocean, providing energy for larger organisms. Previous studies have shown that Atlantic taxa associated with low light are robust to more polar conditions. We compared to which extent sea ice melt influences light-associated phytoplankton dynamics and biodiversity over two years at two mooring locations in the Fram Strait. One mooring is deployed in pure Atlantic water, and the second in the intermittently ice-covered Marginal Ice Zone. Time-series analysis of amplicon sequence variants abundance over a 2-year period, allowed us to identify communities of co-occurring taxa that exhibit similar patterns throughout the annual cycle. We then examined how alterations in environmental conditions affect the prevalence of species. During high abundance periods of diatoms, polar phytoplankton populations dominated, while temperate taxa were weakly represented. Furthermore, we found that polar pelagic and ice-associated taxa, such as Fragilariopsis cylindrus and Melosira arctica, were more common in Atlantic conditions, while temperate taxa, such as Odontella aurita and Proboscia alata, were less abundant under polar conditions. This suggests that sea ice melt may act as a barrier to the northward expansion of temperate phytoplankton, preventing their dominance in regions still strongly influenced by polar conditions. Our findings highlight the complex interactions between sea ice melt, phytoplankton dynamics, and biodiversity in the Arctic.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Mt. Etna, in Italy, is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, producing several explosive events in recent years. Those eruptions form high eruption columns that often reach the top of the troposphere (and sometimes even the lower part of the stratosphere) and create several disruptions to air traffic, mainly to the Fontanarossa International Airport in Catania, which is about 20 NM (~ 37 km; NM = Nautical Miles) away from the summit craters and is located in the main wind direction. In Italy, the institution responsible for volcano monitoring is the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). In 2007, the INGV, Osservatorio Etneo (INGV-OE) in Catania was appointed as “State Volcano Observatory” (SVO) and, in 2014, sent the first Volcano Observatory Notice for Aviation (VONA) message. Since that moment, several VONA messages have been sent, mainly due to the high frequency of Etna activity. In order to facilitate and speed in the generation and the dispatch of the VONA messages, a computer-assisted procedure has been designed and built to help the work done by the volcanologist on duty and by the two shift workers of the 24/7 Control Room of INGV-OE. Consequently, information on the explosive activity can be quickly provided to the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Toulouse and national air traffic offices, reducing risks to aviation operations. In this work, we describe how the computer-assisted procedure works, addressing the main advantages and possible improvements. We retain that a similar approach could be easily applied to other volcano observatories worldwide.
    Description: Published
    Description: 39
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Etna volcano ; Monitoring activity ; VONA messages ; Computer-assisted procedure ; Hazard mitigation ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Lo studio dell’andamento del bradisismo ai Campi Flegrei, a partire dal IV sec. d.C. nel corso dei secoli fino ai tempi moderni, è stato possibile grazie a osservazioni compiute sulle rovine di un monumento situato a poche decine di metri dal porto di Pozzuoli: il Macellum, meglio noto come Tempio di Serapide o Serapeo. La sua peculiarità è la presenza, a varie altezze sulle tre colonne ancora erette, di fori di litodomi che sono indice del livello marino nel passato. Grazie alla datazione di tali fori è stato possibile ricostruire le oscillazioni del livello del mare dovute al sollevamento o abbassamento del suolo a Pozzuoli nel tempo.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Città della Scienza -Napoli
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei ; Bradisismo ; Il bradisismo ai Campi Flegrei
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The geochemical monitoring of volcanic activity today relies largely on remote sensing, but the combination of this approach together with soil gas monitoring, using the appropriate parameters, is still not widely used. The main purpose of this study was to correlate data from crater gas emissions with flank emissions of soil gases at Mt. Etna volcano from June 2006 to December 2020. Crater SO2 fluxes were measured from fixed stations around the volcano using the DOAS technique and applying a modeled clear-sky spectrum. The SO2/HCl ratio in the crater plume was measured with the OP-FTIR technique from a transportable instrument, using the sun as an IR source. Soil CO2 efflux coupled with the 220Rn/222Rn activity ratio in soil gases (named SGDI) were measured at a fixed monitoring site on the east flank of Etna. All signals acquired were subject both to spectral analysis and to filtering of the periodic signals discovered. All filtered signals revealed changes that were nicely correlated both with other geophysical signals and with volcanic eruptions during the study period. Time lags between parameters were explained in terms of different modes of magma migration and storage inside the volcano before eruptions. A comprehensive dynamic degassing model is presented that allows for a better understanding of magma dynamics in an open-conduit volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1122
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Mt. Etna crater ; SO2 flux ; halogen fluxes ; soil radon ; soil CO2 flux ; eruptive activity ; magma degassing ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: In this paper, ground deformation that occurred on Mount etna from 1992-1994 is studied using GPS data. First, problems relating to data processing of the 1993 and 1994 surveys carried out on the whole of the Mount Etna GPS network are considered. Care has been paid to the network-adjustment step, particularly in evaluating effects of the reference frame stability in finding final solutions. Comparison between survey results allows us to invert the strain tensor and to compute displacement vectors, the latter when fully constrained solutions are available. The comparisons lead to the conclusion that, during the 1992-1994 period, at least two sources were active. The first was related to a shallow dyke that produced the 1991-1993 eruptive fissures. The second deeper source was depleted during the 1991-1993 eruption and recharged between 1993 and 1994. Local ground movements correlate spatially and temporally with seismic phenomena.
    Description: Published
    Description: 371-384
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: GPS surveying ; Ground deformation ; Magma reservoirs ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research | Newark, Delaware, USA
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This proceeding summarizes the discussions during the 49th SCOR Annual Meeting held in Guayaquil, Ecuador, 17-19 October 2023. This proceeding also provides information from and links to the background information submitted for review at the meeting, including the proposals for new working groups and the reports from current SCOR working groups, projects, capacity development activities, and affiliated and partner organizations, all of which were traditionally included in the SCOR Annual Meeting background book until 2019. All of these can also be accessed online through the SCOR website at: https://scor-int.org/events/scor-2023-annual-meeting/.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: SCOR
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 73pp.
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  • 10
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Alfred Wegener Institute - Research Unit Potsdam
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: At AWIPEV research base in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, regular radiosonde launches are operated once per day. The launch frequency may increase to 6-hourly soundings during specific campaign periods. The Vaisala RS41-SGP radiosondes provide data of pressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction from ground to about 30 km height. The given data set contains vertical profiles with 1-second time resolution data as obtained by the manufacturer's data processing, quality controlled for appropriate physical ranges.
    Keywords: AWI_Meteo; Meteorological Long-Term Observations @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 82 datasets
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  • 11
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Alfred Wegener Institute - Research Unit Potsdam
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This is a collection of continuous meteorological observations at Ny-Ålesund, obtained from a meteorological mast located at 11.9222° E, 78.9266° N on the observation field in the vicinity of the AWIPEV Atmosphere Observatory. Air temperature is measured by shaded and ventilated PT100 sensors at 2 m and 10 m height, and on the same levels wind speed and direction is retrieved using the Combined Wind Sensor Classic by Thies Clima. Two independent humidity sensors are detecting relative humidity at 2 m height, while station pressure is given from a sensor installed about 10m towards North. All data are provided in high temporal resolution as average over 1 minute, respectively. The data set collection will be updated regularly by new data.
    Keywords: AWI_Meteo; Meteorological Long-Term Observations @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 150 datasets
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The main purpose of this work is to establish the formation time of Holocene syngenetic ice wedges that have been exposed on the coast of Baydarata Bay near the village of Yarynskaya, 500 m to the southeast from the mouth of the Ngarka-Tambyakha River.Radiocarbon dating of microinclusions of organic matter, extracted directly from three Holocene syngenetic ice wedges, was conducted using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The dating of the wedges correlates to their formation approximately 6.4, 5.0, and 1.9 cal ka BP. A comparison of the oxygen isotopic composition of the Holocene ice wedges (in which the δ18О values vary mainly from -21.8 to -13.73%) and modern ice wedges (the age of which, as a rule, does not exceed 100 years) showed a close range of variations in values. According to isotope oxygen data, the average January air paleotemperature in the Middle and Late Holocene at the coast of the Baydarata Bay was calculated. It is shown that the average January air temperature during this period here varied from about -20 to -25 °C, however, during milder winters it could be about -18 °C. Radiocarbon dating of ice samples and organic microinclusions extracted directly from ice wedges was carried out at the Radiocarbon Laboratory of the Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Center for Applied Isotope Research, University of Georgia (United States). The age was calibrated using the IntCal20 curve and Oxcal version 4.4.4 software. The age of organic matter (cal yr BP) from ice wedges was calibrated until 1950.
    Keywords: AGE; Age, 14C calibrated, OxCal 4.4; Age, 14C uncalibrated; Age, error; Age, median; AMS radiocarbon dating; Baydarata; Calendar age, maximum/old; Calendar age, minimum/young; coast of Baydarata Bay; Depth, sampling; Event label; Holocene; Ice wedges; Laboratory code/label; Latitude of event; Location; Longitude of event; Sample comment; Sample ID; Siberia, Russia; stable oxygen isotopes
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 27 data points
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  • 13
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The meteorological observatory Neumayer continuously acquires meteorological parameters. Measurements are taken on or near the meteorological 10m-mast, located some 300m south-east of the main station building. Co-located there are BSRN (Baseline Surface Radiation Network) measurements taken. The measurement interval of the raw data is approximately 6s. Data is quality controlled: All measurements are checked daily on site and again prior to publication according to BSRN standards. Knowingly affected or erroneous data is removed.
    Keywords: Air temperature at 10 m height; Air temperature at 2 m height; Anemometer; AWI_Meteo; AWIPEV; AWIPEV_based; BARO; Barometer; DATE/TIME; ELEVATION; Humidity, relative; HYGRO; Hygrometer; Meteorological Long-Term Observations @ AWI; Monitoring station; MONS; NYA; Ny-Ålesund; Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen; Station pressure; Thermometer; Wind direction at 10 m height; Wind direction at 2 m height; Wind speed at 10 m height; Wind speed at 2 m height
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 400105 data points
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  • 14
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: At AWIPEV research base in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, regular radiosonde launches are operated once per day. The launch frequency may increase to 6-hourly soundings during specific campaign periods. The Vaisala RS41-SGP radiosondes provide data of pressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction from ground to about 30 km height. The given data set contains vertical profiles with 1-second time resolution data as obtained by the manufacturer's data processing, quality controlled for appropriate physical ranges.
    Keywords: AC3; ALTITUDE; Arctic Amplification; AWI_Meteo; AWIPEV; AWIPEV_based; Balloon-borne Sonde; BBS; Calculated from GPS; DATE/TIME; Elapsed time; GPS receiver mounted on radiosonde RS41; Height, geometric; Humidity, relative; integrated from pressure and temperature; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Meteorological Long-Term Observations @ AWI; NYA_UAS; Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen; Pressure, at given altitude; Radiosonde, Vaisala, RS41; Temperature, air; Wind direction; Wind speed
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1306319 data points
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The main purpose of this work is to establish the formation time of Holocene syngenetic ice wedges that have been exposed on the coast of Baydarata Bay near the village of Yarynskaya, 500 m to the southeast from the mouth of the Ngarka-Tambyakha River.Radiocarbon dating of microinclusions of organic matter, extracted directly from three Holocene syngenetic ice wedges, was conducted using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The dating of the wedges correlates to their formation approximately 6.4, 5.0, and 1.9 cal ka BP. A comparison of the oxygen isotopic composition of the Holocene ice wedges (in which the δ18О values vary mainly from -21.8 to -13.73%) and modern ice wedges (the age of which, as a rule, does not exceed 100 years) showed a close range of variations in values. According to isotope oxygen data, the average January air paleotemperature in the Middle and Late Holocene at the coast of the Baydarata Bay was calculated. It is shown that the average January air temperature during this period here varied from about -20 to -25 °C, however, during milder winters it could be about -18 °C. Ice samples were collected from ice wedges along the vertical profile every 10 cm using Makita DDF481rte 18B and Bosch GSR 36 VE-2-LI drills with steel ice crowns with a diameter of 51 mm. Measurements of the oxygen isotopic compositions in ice were performed on a Picarro L 2130-i laser infrared spectrometer at the Center for X-ray Diffraction Studies at the Research Park of St. Petersburg State University (XRD Center SPbU). The following international standards were used: V-SMOW-2, GISP, SLAP, USGS-45, and USGS-46. The measurement errors were ±0.02‰ for δ18O. In total, 63 samples of ice wedges were analyzed.
    Keywords: AMS radiocarbon dating; Baydarata; Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), L21301i, Picarro Inc.; coast of Baydarata Bay; Event label; Holocene; Ice wedges; Latitude of event; Location; Longitude of event; Number of samples; Sample comment; Siberia, Russia; stable oxygen isotopes; δ18O, water; δ18O, water, maximum; δ18O, water, minimum
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 42 data points
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The focus of hydrographic investigations during the cruise was on the impact of short term upwelling variability on oxygen and nutrient supply to the shelf, and on the response of primary production to short term upwelling peaks. Standard hydrographic parameters were gathered with a Seabird CTD along three transects at 17.3°S, 23°S and 25°S. We used a CTD SBE 911plus with a rosette water sampler to measure temperature, pressure, practical salinity, oxygen concentration, turbidity, fluorescence and irradiance. For details to all processing steps see Data Processing Report.
    Keywords: BUSUC 1; Conductivity; CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911plus, measured with Temperature sensor, Sea-Bird, SBE3; CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911plus; calculated using SBE Data Processing Version 7.26.7; CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911plus; measured with Conductivity sensor, Sea-Bird, SBE 4; CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911plus; measured with Dissolved oxygen sensor, Sea-Bird, SBE 43; CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911plus; measured with Fluorometer, WET Labs, ECO-AFL/FL; CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911plus; measured with PAR sensor, Sea-Bird; CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911plus; measured with SPAR sensor, Sea-Bird; CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911plus; measured with Turbidity sensor, WET Labs, ECO NTU; CTD, Sea-Bird SBE 911plus; CTD/Rosette; CTD data; CTD-RO; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; EVAR; Event label; Fluorescence; hydrographic data; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; M157; M157_11-4; M157_12-2; M157_12-21; M157_14-14; M157_14-18; M157_14-2; M157_15-14; M157_16-14; M157_16-24; M157_16-25; M157_16-26; M157_16-3; M157_17-16; M157_17-2; M157_24-1; M157_25-1; M157_25-3; M157_26-2; M157_27-1; M157_2-8; M157_28-1; M157_2-9; M157_29-1; M157_30-1; M157_31-1; M157_34-4; M157_36-2; M157_38-2; M157_39-2; M157_40-2; M157_41-14; M157_42-2; M157_43-19; M157_43-2; M157_44-2; M157_45-2; M157_46-3; M157_49-3; M157_8-2; M157_9-2; Meteor (1986); Namibian Shelf; Oxygen; Pressure, water; Radiation, photosynthetically active; Radiation, photosynthetically active, surface; Salinity; South East Atlantic Ocean; Temperature, water; The Benguela Upwelling System under climate change – Effects of VARiability in physical forcing on carbon and oxygen budgets; Turbidity (Nephelometric turbidity unit); Upwelling
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 644535 data points
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Although the general impacts of zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton communities are clear, we know comparatively less about how specific grazing strategies interact with environmental conditions to shape the size structure of phytoplankton communities. Here, we present a new data-driven, size-based model that describes changes in the size composition of lake phytoplankton under various environmental constraints. The model includes an ecological trade-off emerging from observed allometric relationships between (1) phytoplankton cell size and phytoplankton growth and (2) phytoplankton cell size and zooplankton grazing. In our model, phytoplankton growth is nutrient-dependent and zooplankton grazing varies according to specific grazing strategies, namely, specialists (targeting a narrow range of the size-feeding spectrum) vs. generalists (targeting a wide range of the size-feeding spectrum). Our results indicate that grazing strategies shape the size composition of the phytoplankton community in nutrient-rich conditions, whereas inorganic nutrient concentrations govern phytoplankton biomass. Under oligotrophic regimes, the phytoplankton community is dominated by small cell sizes and the grazers have little to no impact. Under eutrophic regimes, dominating specialist grazers push phytoplankton towards small cells, whereas dominating generalist grazers push phytoplankton towards large cells. Our work highlights that trait-based modeling, based on realistic eco-physiological trade-offs, represents a valuable tool for disentangling the interactive roles played by nutrient regimes and grazing strategies in determining the size compositions of lake phytoplankton. Ultimately, our study offers a quantitative basis for understanding how communities of lake phytoplankton may reorganize in the future in response to changes in nutrient levels and zooplankton grazing strategies.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Sediment mass accumulation rate (MAR) is a proxy for paleoceanographic conditions, especially if biological productivity generated most of the sediment. We determine MAR records from pelagic calcareous sediments in Tasman Sea based on analysis of 11 boreholes and 〉3 million seismic reflection horizon picks. Seismic data from regions of 10,000–30,000 km2 around each borehole were analyzed using data from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 371 and other boreholes. Local MAR was affected by deepwater currents that winnowed, eroded, or deposited seafloor sediment. Therefore, it is necessary to average MARs across regions to test paleoceanographic and productivity models. MARs during the Miocene Climate optimum (18–14 Ma) were slightly lower than Quaternary values but increased on southern Lord Howe Rise at 14–13 Ma, when global climate became colder. Intensification of the Indian and East Asian monsoons at ∼8 Ma and ∼3.6 Ma approximately corresponds to the start and end, respectively, of the Biogenic Bloom, which had MARs at least double Quaternary values. On northern Lord Howe Rise, we recognize peak MARs at∼7 Ma and ∼5 Ma. There is no correlation between Neogene MAR and ocean pH or atmospheric CO2 concentration. Neogene MARs are on average higher than Quaternary values. We posit that future long-term productivity in the southwest Pacific could be higher than Quaternary values, but new computer models that can fit our observations are required to test this hypothesis.
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Rapid onset of subduction tectonics across the western Pacific convergent margins in the early Eocene was followed by a slower phase of margin growth of the proto Tonga-Kermadec subduction system north of Zealandia during a middle Eocene phase of tectonic adjustment. We present new age constraints from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 371 borehole data on deformation events in northern Zealandian sediments that document the formation of the convergent margin boundary northwest of New Zealand. The deformation shows a shortening event that lasted up to 20 myr and acted over distances of ∼1000 km inboard of the evolving plate margin, just northwest of New Zealand. Multichannel seismic profiles tied to our new borehole sites show shortening occurred predominantly between 45 and 35 Ma with some deformation related to slope failure continuing into the Oligocene. The termination of shortening is linked to opening of the backarc basins of the southwest Pacific and the migration of the Tonga-Kermadec Trench to the east which may have removed the structural evidence of the Eocene plate margin. Palaeogene deformation observed inboard of the evolving proto Tonga-Kermadec subduction system indicates that the lithosphere of northern Zealandia, a region of thin continental crust, was strong enough to act as a stress guide. Compressive stresses that caused intraplate folding and faulting developed behind the initiating subduction system with the finite period of deformation indicating the time frame over which an active convergent margin lay along the northern margin of Zealandia.
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Siliceous marine ecosystems play a critical role in shaping the Earth's climate system by influencing rates of organic carbon burial and marine authigenic clay formation (i.e., reverse weathering). The ecological demise of silicifying organisms associated with the Permian-Triassic mass extinction is postulated to have elevated marine authigenic clay formation rates, resulting in a prolonged greenhouse climate during the Early Triassic. Yet, our understanding of the response of siliceous marine organisms during this critical interval is poor. Whilst radiolarians experienced the strongest diversity loss in their evolutionary history and perhaps also the greatest population decline of silica-secreting organisms during this event, only a small number of Griesbachian (post-extinction) localities that record siliceous organisms are known. Here, we report newly discovered latest Changhsingian to early Griesbachian (Clarkina meishanensis - Hindeodus parvus Zone) radiolarians and siliceous sponge spicules from Svalbard. This fauna documents the survival of a low-diversity radiolarian assemblage alongside stem-group hexactinellid sponges making this the first described account of post-extinction silica-secreting organisms from the Permian/Triassic boundary in a shallow marine shelf environment and a mid-northern paleolatitudinal setting. Our findings indicate that latitudinal diversity gradients for silica-secreting organisms following the mass extinction were significantly altered, and that silica productivity was restricted to high latitude and deep water thermal refugia. This result has potential to further shape our understanding of changes in marine dissolved silica levels and in turn rates of reverse weathering, with implications for our understanding of carbon cycle dynamics during this interval.
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Life on Earth is diverse at many levels, meaning there is a lot of variety within species and there are many different kinds of species. This biodiversity provides many of the resources that humans need and enhances our quality of life. All of Earth’s organisms are affected by Earth’s climate, but they also influence Earth’s climate. In this article, we show how research on plants, animals, and microbes helps us better understand how living things can both impact and respond to climate change. This research also gives us insight into what the future might be like for life on Earth. Such knowledge will help us to protect our planet—and the living things on it—from the harmful effects of future climate change.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Data from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 371 reveal vertical movements of 1–3 km in northern Zealandia during early Cenozoic subduction initiation in the western Pacific Ocean. Lord Howe Rise rose from deep (∼1 km) water to sea level and subsided back, with peak uplift at 50 Ma in the north and between 41 and 32 Ma in the south. The New Caledonia Trough subsided 2–3 km between 55 and 45 Ma. We suggest these elevation changes resulted from crust delamination and mantle flow that led to slab formation. We propose a “subduction resurrection” model in which (1) a subduction rupture event activated lithospheric-scale faults across a broad region during less than ∼5 m.y., and (2) tectonic forces evolved over a further 4–8 m.y. as subducted slabs grew in size and drove plate-motion change. Such a subduction rupture event may have involved nucleation and lateral propagation of slip-weakening rupture along an interconnected set of preexisting weaknesses adjacent to density anomalies.
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Language: English
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Language: German
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/lecture
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Introduction: Urban pluvial flooding is a growing concern worldwide as consequence of rising urban population and climate change induced increases in heavy rainfall. Easy-to-implement and fast simulation tools are needed to cope with this challenge. Methods: This study describes the development of the parsimonious, GPU-accelerated hydraulic model RIM2D for urban pluvial flood simulations. This is achieved by considering the built-up urban area as flow obstacles, and by introducing capacity-based approaches to consider urban drainage by infiltration on pervious surfaces and sewer drainage from roofs and sealed surfaces. The model performance was analyzed by simulating 8 heavy rainfall events in a test area in the city of Dresden, Germany. For these events detailed discharge measurements of sewer discharge are available, providing a unique dataset for evaluating the sewer drainage simulation, which is of high importance for realistic pluvial inundation simulations in urban areas. Results and discussion: We show that the model simulates the temporal dynamics of the sewer discharge and the sewer volume within acceptable ranges. Moreover, the erratic variation of the simulated to measured sewer discharge suggests that the deviations from the measurements are caused by the precipitation input rather than the model simplifications. We conclude that RIM2D is a valid tool for urban inundation simulation. Its short simulation runtimes allow probabilistic flood risk assessments and operational flood forecasts.
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Digital infrastructures have become indispensable in the field of modern research and science. These technological frameworks play a crucial role for the entire research cycle, supporting literature searches, aiding in data collection and analysis, facilitating the creation and publication of scholarly works, and ensuring the thorough documentation and long-term storage of research findings. Additionally, these infrastructures serve as a vital means for networking and communication among peers, creating the essential foundation of an open and transparent science and research ecosystem. Helmholtz employees were invited to join the Helmholtz Open Science Forum "Towards Open Digital Research Ecosystems - Interconnection Infrastructures" on February 14, 2024, where options for the seamless integration of these digital infrastructures have been discussed. Speakers presented insights into diverse efforts to the provision of open infrastructure structures and how their interconnection offers new possibilities for seamless and integrated workflows within the increasingly digitized research. Further, it was examined how such an integrated ecosystem can support open science practices and vice versa
    Language: English
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Plankton community modeling is a critical tool for understanding the processes that shape marine ecosystems and their impacts on global biogeochemical cycles. These models can be of variable ecological, physiological, and physical complexity. Many published models are either not publicly available or implemented in static and inflexible code, thus hampering adoption, collaboration, and reproducibility of results. Here we present Phydra, an open-source library for plankton community modeling, and Xarray-simlab-ODE (XSO), a modular framework for efficient, flexible, and reproducible model development based on ordinary differential equations. Both tools are written in Python. Phydra provides pre-built models and model components that can be modified and assembled to develop plankton community models of various levels of ecological complexity. The components can be created, adapted, and modified using standard variable types provided by the XSO framework. XSO is embedded in the Python scientific ecosystem and is integrated with tools for data analysis and visualization. To demonstrate the range of applicability and how Phydra and XSO can be used to develop and execute models, we present three applications: (1) a highly simplified nutrient–phytoplankton (NP) model in a chemostat setting, (2) a nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton–detritus (NPZD) model in a zero-dimensional pelagic ocean setting, and (3) a size-structured plankton community model that resolves 50 phytoplankton and 50 zooplankton size classes with functional traits determined by allometric relationships. The applications presented here are available as interactive Jupyter notebooks and can be used by the scientific community to build, modify, and run plankton community models based on differential equations for a diverse range of scientific pursuits.
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: On January 22, 2024 the Helmholtz Open Science Office hosted the Second Helmholtz Open Science Forum on the topic of Open Science and Transfer. The online event addressed various aspects and issues around the interplay of Open Science, Technology Transfer, Knowledge Transfer and Citizen Science at the Helmholtz Association. Together with the participants important overlaps were identified against the backdrop of the digital transformation. Open science as a standard for scientific work creates foundations for successful transfer - and both topics can complement each other very well. The Helmholtz-internal event gave insights into current projects and initiatives relating to transfer to society, business and industry. Moreover, Helmholtz initiatives for Citizen Science and the successful practical implementation of Open Hardware were presented. The event also offered opportunities for networking and the exchange of ideas. This report documents the Second Helmholtz Open Science Forum on Open Science and Transfer.
    Language: English
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: On April 13, 2023, the Helmholtz Open Science Office, together with the joint Task Group “Open Access Transformation” of the Working Groups Open Science and Library and Information Management organized a Helmholtz Open Science Forum on Scholar-Led Publishing at Helmholtz. Around 100 people registered for participation. The high level of interest in this event indicates its relevance in the ongoing Open Access-Transformation. Diamond Open Access and scholar-led publishing are current buzzwords in this context; focusing on the stronger localization of scientific publishing opportunities in the scientific environment beyond profit- oriented platforms. The first draft of a position statement on scholar-led publishing at Helmholtz, which was developed together with the Task Group Open Access Transformation, was presented at the forum and participants were invited to discuss and comment on it. Presentations and discussions provided insights into various operating models and workflows of external Diamond Open Access journals, service providers and publication services already active in the natural sciences, as well as those operated by Helmholtz Centers. In addition, the EU Commission's perspectives on the further development of the Open Research Europe publication platform were presented.
    Language: English
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Fluids are an important agent in nearly all geologic processes that shape the planet Earth. Fluid abundance and composition are governed by flow along permeable beds or natural and anthropogenic structures in the subsurface including faults, wells, and chimneys/pipes. Spatial and temporal variations in fluid flow activity modify total fluxes between geosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. These fluxes have broad implications for geological processes including the formation of natural resources or the occurrence of geohazards including landslides, earthquakes and blowouts. They further play a crucial role for the global carbon cycles and the climate system. A qualitative and quantitative understanding of fluid flow in the subsurface is therefore important to assess the role of fluids in the Earth system and to quantify fluxes from the geosphere into the hydro- and atmosphere. In this Ph.D. thesis I use an integrated, interdisciplinary approach to study natural and anthropogenic fluid migration pathways in marine sediments in the North Sea, the convergent Hikurangi margin, and a section of the ancient Tethys margin which is now exposed near Varna, Bulgaria. The applied methods include conventional 3D seismic, high-resolution 3D seismic, and 2D seismic data as well as hydroacoustic, sedimentological, unmanned aerial vehicle-based photogrammetric and geochemical data. In each of the studied systems, natural and/or anthropogenic fluid migration pathways allow the transport of significant amounts of fluids through marine sediments towards the seafloor. Often the co-existence of multiple pathways enables the fluids to bypass permeability barriers within the Earth’s crust resulting in the formation of structurally complex flow systems. Focused fluid flow along normal faults in the Hikurangi margin likely plays an active role in the subduction drainage system, influences the slope stability and the morphotectonic evolution of the margin. Results from the Eocene Tethys margin show that focused fluid flow in marine sediments is possible in unconsolidated sands if seepage is focused at the top of faulted units and the flux rate is high enough. This stands in contrast to the general assumption that focused fluid flow in marine sediments is limited to low-permeable sediments. In the marine environment the term fluid flow is often used to exclusively refer to the flow of hydrocarbons. However, geochemical data from the North Sea and the Tethys margin indicate that the involved fluids are of different origin including compaction-related dehydration and submarine groundwater discharge. In each of the investigated cases, the temporal and spatial evolution of fluid flow is not fully addressed yet, especially with regard to vertical fluid conduits or the safety of subsurface drilling and storage operations. The results of my thesis highlight that the investigation of fluid migration pathways requires an interdisciplinary approach which may indicate the origin of the fluids, help understand the fluxes of fluids from the geosphere into the hydrosphere and atmosphere of the past, present and future and reveal the resulting consequences for the global carbon cycles and the climate system.
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset comprises the PCEEJ equatorial electrojet model current intensity values (mA/m). The PCEEJ is an empirical model based on the principal component analysis of satellite and ground equatorial electrojet data, described in detail in Soares et al. (2022), to which this data publication is supplement to. The model data is provided as text files (.csv extension) and Matlab-formatted files (.mat extension). For text files, there is one file per year (file name labeled with the corresponding year). For the Matlab format, there is only one Matlab file that contains all years as separate variables (variable name labeled with the corresponding year). Each yearly file/variable corresponds to a matrix: the rows represent local time/longitude bins and the columns represent days of year. The local time/longitude bins (rows) always sum up to 432 (12 local time intervals and 36 longitude intervals). The day of year (columns) always starts in January 1st and ends in December 31st, leading to a total of 365 or 366. The PCEEJ model values of 13 years from 2003 to 2010 and from 2014 to 2018 are provided. The PCEEJ basis functions (principal components) are provided in the text and Matlab files labeled as ‘PC_Functions’. The ‘PC_Functions’ data is given as a 432x10 matrix, in which 432 stands for the aforementioned local time/longitude bins and 10 represents the 10 principal components used to obtain the PCEEJ model (in ascending order). Two additional auxiliary indices, namely ‘lt_index’ and ‘lon_index’ are also contained as text and Matlab files. These indices represent the corresponding local time and longitude values of each row of the PCEEJ yearly files and ‘PC_Functions’ files.
    Keywords: Equatorial Electrojet ; Principal Component Analysis ; Geomagnetic Satellite Observations ; Geomagnetic Observatories ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 SOLAR-ATMOSPHERE/SPACE-WEATHER MODELS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 GEOMAGNETIC STATIONS ; Solar/Space Observing Instruments 〉 Magnetic Field/Electric Field Instruments
    Type: Model , Model
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This database contains mineral major and trace element compositions of gabbroic rocks composing the lower oceanic crust accreted at the East Pacific Rise and recovered at Hess Deep during IODP Leg 345 (Gillis et al., 2014a). Hess Deep is located at 2°15’N, 101°30’W in the Pacific Ocean, at the western tip of the Cocos-Nazca spreading centre, a westward-propagating oceanic ridge that progressively opens the oceanic lithosphere formed at the adjacent East Pacific Rise (Fig. 1a; Searle and Francheteau, 1986; Karson et al., 2002). Hess Deep is an East-West trending intraoceanic rift reaching 5200 mbsl (metres below sea level) at its deepest point (Fig. 1b,c). It is a tectonic window exposing a complete section of 1.3 Myr oceanic crust accreted at the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise (~130 mm/yr; Rioux et al., 2012; Rowan and Rowley, 2014), ranging from pillow basalts to sheeted dikes, isotropic gabbros, layered gabbros and troctolites, and upper mantle peridotites (e.g., Francheteau et al., 1990, 1992; Hekinian et al., 1993; Lissenberg et al., 2013). The gabbroic rocks included in this database are primitive in composition and range from olivine-rich troctolites to troctolites, olivine gabbros, olivine gabbronorites and gabbros.
    Keywords: Fast-spreading ridges ; Lower crustal gabbros ; Mineral major elements ; Mineral trace elements ; Primary MORB melts ; EPOS ; multi-scale laboratories ; geochemistry and microscopy ; geochemistry data ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 OCEANS 〉 MARINE VOLCANISM 〉 MID-OCEAN RIDGES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY 〉 GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 〉 CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 IGNEOUS ROCKS 〉 IGNEOUS ROCK FORMATION
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This archive disseminated through the GFZ-Data Service includes both results and information as-sociated to Bindi et al. (2023). In particular, the archive includes a seismic catalogue reporting ener-gy magnitude Me estimated form vertical P-waves recorded at teleseismic distances in the range 20°≤ D ≤ 98°, following Di Giacomo et al (2008, 2010). The catalogue is built considering 6349 earth-quakes included in the GEOFON (Quinteros et al, 2021) catalogue with moment magnitude Mw larger than 5 and occurring after 2011. Tools used to compute the energy magnitude are free available. In particular, we used stream2segment (Zaccarelli, 2018) to download data from IRIS (https://ds.iris.edu/ds) and EIDA (Strollo et al., 2021) repositories, and me-compute [Zaccarelli, 2023) to process waveforms and compute Me. The methodology applied to me-compute is also implemented as add-on for SeicomP (GFZ and Gempa, 2020) in order to allow the real time computation of Me (https://github.com/SeisComP/scmert).
    Description: Other
    Description: Version History: 19 February 2024: release of first version 28 March 2024: release of v.1.1 Addition of the complete list of references for the seismic networks analysed with me-compute as described in Bindi et al. (2024, ESSD). The list is provided as additional txt file in the data download section and all references were added to the XML metadata.
    Keywords: Energy magnitude ; seismic catalog ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; geological process 〉 seismic activity 〉 earthquake
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 38
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    The Royal Society
    In:  EPIC3Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, 376(1817), pp. 20200431-20200431, ISSN: 0962-8436
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The originally published version of this paper incorrectly listed Gregor Scheiffarth's affiliation as 8Institute for Chemistry and Biology of Marine Environments [ICBM]. It should instead be 5Lower SaxonWadden Sea National Park Authority, Virchowstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. This has been corrected on the publisher's website.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 39
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    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 50(1), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 40
    facet.materialart.
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science & Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), 58(9), pp. 4302-4313, ISSN: 0013-936X
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The pollution of the marine environment with plastic debris is expected to increase, where ocean currents and winds cause their accumulation in convergence zones like the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). Surface-floating plastic (〉330 μm) was collected in the North Pacific Ocean between Vancouver (Canada) and Singapore using a neuston catamaran and identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Baseline concentrations of 41,600–102,700 items km–2 were found, dominated by polyethylene and polypropylene. Higher concentrations (factors 4–10) of plastic items occurred not only in the NPSG (452,800 items km–2) but also in a second area, the Papaha̅naumokua̅kea Marine National Monument (PMNM, 285,200 items km–2). This second maximum was neither reported previously nor predicted by the applied ocean current model. Visual observations of floating debris (〉5 cm; 8–2565 items km–2 and 34–4941 items km–2 including smaller “white bits”) yielded similar patterns of baseline pollution (34–3265 items km–2) and elevated concentrations of plastic debris in the NPSG (67–4941 items km–2) and the PMNM (295–3748 items km–2). These findings suggest that ocean currents are not the only factor provoking plastic debris accumulation in the ocean. Visual observations may be useful to increase our knowledge of large-scale (micro)plastic pollution in the global oceans.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The Arctic Ocean is experiencing unprecedented changes because of climate warming, necessitating detailed analyses on the ecology and dynamics of biological communities to understand current and future ecosystem shifts. Here, we generated a four-year, high-resolution amplicon dataset along with one annual cycle of PacBio HiFi read metagenomes from the East Greenland Current (EGC), and combined this with datasets spanning different spatiotemporal scales (Tara Arctic and MOSAiC) to assess the impact of Atlantic water influx and sea-ice cover on bacterial communities in the Arctic Ocean. Densely ice-covered polar waters harboured a temporally stable, resident microbiome. Atlantic water influx and reduced sea-ice cover resulted in the dominance of seasonally fluctuating populations, resembling a process of “replacement” through advection, mixing and environmental sorting. We identified bacterial signature populations of distinct environmental regimes, including polar night and high-ice cover, and assessed their ecological roles. Dynamics of signature populations were consistent across the wider Arctic; e.g. those associated with dense ice cover and winter in the EGC were abundant in the central Arctic Ocean in winter. Population- and community-level analyses revealed metabolic distinctions between bacteria affiliated with Arctic and Atlantic conditions; the former with increased potential to use bacterial- and terrestrial-derived substrates or inorganic compounds. Our evidence on bacterial dynamics over spatiotemporal scales provides novel insights into Arctic ecology and indicates a progressing Biological Atlantification of the warming Arctic Ocean, with consequences for food webs and biogeochemical cycles.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the composition of marine bacterial communities around the world, and to investigate bacterial isolates regarding the production of antibiotics. This included molecular analyses of marine bacterioplankton, as well as culture-based studies of marine bacterial isolates with antagonistic activity. The work was based on samples collected during the Galathea 3 and LOMROG-II marine research expeditions that have explored many different oceanic regions worldwide. A molecular survey of marine bacterioplankton at 24 worldwide stations investigated the abundance of major bacterial groups, potential biogeographical patterns, and their relation to environmental parameters. The original aim was to determine whether the composition of the total microbiota correlates with the occurrence of culturable bioactive bacteria. No such correlation was found. Quantitative community analyses showed latitudinal patterns in bacterial distribution, revealing significantly different relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, unclassified Bacteria and Vibrio between warmer and colder oceans. Absolute cell numbers of most bacterial groups were positively correlated with nutrient concentrations in warmer oceans, and negatively with oxygen saturation in colder oceans. The finding of differing communities in warmer and colder oceans underlined the presence of biogeographical patterns among marine bacteria and the influence of environmental parameters on bacterial distribution. Studies of antagonistic isolates focused on six bioactive Vibrionaceae isolated during Galathea 3. The six strains were identified as Vibrio coralliilyticus (two strains), V. neptunius (two strains), V. nigripulchritudo (one strain), and Photobacterium halotolerans (one strain) by sequencing of housekeeping genes. Chemical metabolite profiling underlined genetic relationships by showing highly similar production of secondary metabolites for each species. Two known antibiotics were purified; andrimid from V. coralliilyticus and holomycin from P. halotolerans. In addition, two novel cyclic peptides from P. halotolerans and a novel siderophore-like compound from V. nigripulchritudo were isolated. All three compounds interfere with quorum sensing in S. aureus. During LOMROG-II further seventeen strains with antagonistic activity were isolated, affiliating with the Actinobacteria (8 strains), Pseudoalteromonas (4 strains), the Vibrionaceae (3 strains), and Psychrobacter (2 strains). Seven of the eight bioactive Actinobacteria, being isolated from different sources throughout the Arctic Ocean, were related to Arthrobacter davidanieli. Its broad antibiotic spectrum was likely based on production of the known arthrobacilin antibiotics. The eighth actinomycete, tentatively identified as Brevibacterium sp., produces a potentially novel antimicrobial compound. Most studies of antagonistic marine bacteria have been conducted with the aim of isolating novel antimicrobials with potential clinical applications. However, little is known about production and role of these compounds in the natural environment. This thesis took one step in this direction and demonstrated that V. coralliilyticus S2052 produced its antibiotic andrimid when grown with chitin as the sole carbon source. Whilst the strain produced an array of secondary metabolites in laboratory media, it focused on andrimid production with chitin. This indicates that the antibiotic is likely produced in the natural habitat and may serve an ecophysiological function. The finding that two related strains from public culture collections do not produce andrimid and have different biosynthetic temperature optima suggested that V. coralliilyticus may comprise different subspecies with different niches. In summary, the present study shows biogeographical patterns of marine bacterioplankton on a global scale. In addition, the thesis work has demonstrated that marine Vibrionaceae and polar Actinobacteria are a resource of antibacterial compounds and may have potential for future natural product discovery.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Thesis , notRev
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Volcanic rocks are the prominent host rocks in geothermal and volcanic systems in general, displaying heterogeneity. Although various external factors such as temperature, pressure, time, fluid chemistry, and subsurface geology have been thoroughly researched regarding the source of hydrothermal minerals in geothermal fields, the effect of hydrothermal alteration on volcanic hosts is still controversial in the literature. This review compiles data on the physical and mechanical properties of the host rocks composing volcanic environments exhibiting hydrothermal alteration or remaining unaltered. The considered data is originated from hydrothermal areas from Kuril-Kamchatka (Russia), Los Humeros (Mexico), Ngatamaraki, Rotokawa, Kawerau and Ohakuri geothermal fields and Mt. Ruapehu, Mt. Taranaki, and Whakaari volcanoes (New Zealand), Solfatara (Italy), Reykjanes, Nesjavellir, and Theistarereykir geothermal fields (Iceland), La Soufrière de Guadeloupe (Caribbean) volcano, and Merapi volcano (Indonesia). Analysis of average values displayed in several graphical representations and correlations finds that dense rocks (such as lavas and intrusive rocks) exhibit greater competence and lower porosity than fragmental rocks. However, altered dense rocks display greater variability in mechanical properties compared to pyroclastic rocks, primarily influenced by mineral dissolution leading to rock weakening. Exceptions occur for high-temperature hydrothermal alteration, such as advanced silicification and propylitic alteration, with the latter influenced by minor types of alteration. Fragmental rocks have diverse behaviour with the extent of hydrothermal alteration and welding/compaction. According to the compiled data, an overall strengthening of pyroclastic rocks develops as hydrothermal alteration increases, regardless of the type of hydrothermal alteration. The complexity of hydrothermal systems, the variability shown by different hydrothermal settings and histories in terms of temperature, fluid chemistry and secondary mineral assemblage, and the variety of rock materials with different microstructures contribute to moderate correlations between properties compared to those established in an unaltered state. However, the same trends (linear, nonlinear, positive, negative) are preserved along hydrothermal alteration. This review emphasizes the significance of the type and degree of hydrothermal alteration, along with the rock type and pre-existence of fractures, in shaping the development of alteration in volcanic environments and modifying the properties of host rocks. The relevance of the review relies on the fact that these properties are considered to enhance the productivity of geothermal fields and improve the assessment of volcanic hazards. Future research is expected to expand on this groundwork.
    Description: In press
    Description: 104754
    Description: OSV4: Preparazione alle crisi vulcaniche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Hydrothermal alteration ; physical properties ; degree of hydrothermal alteration ; mechanical properties ; hydrothermal alteration facies ; intrusion-related geothermal systems ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: An earthquake sequence occurred in the Central Adriatic region during March–June 2021. This sequence started on 27 March with a mainshock of moment magnitude (Mw) 5.2 occurring at 13:47 coordinated universal time (UTC). No foreshock was observed before this mainshock. The sequence lasted approximately three months, until the end of June 2021. Approximately 200 seismic events were recorded by the regional seismic network during this time, including four M ≥ 4.0 earthquakes. The 27 March 2021 earthquake was one of the strongest instrumentally recorded events in the area bounded approximately by the Ancona–Zadar line to the north and the Gargano–Dubrovnik line to the south. The mainshock originated at a focal depth of 9.9 km. The seismicity spread from the mainshock up-dip and down-dip along a northeast-dipping plane. Here, we investigate the geometry of the fault activated by this seismic sequence by using sP depth phases. We aim to significantly reduce the large uncertainties associated with the hypocentral locations of offshore earthquakes beneath the Adriatic Sea—an area that plays a fundamental role in the geodynamics of the Mediterranean. These refined earthquake locations also allow us to make inferences with regards to the seismotectonic context responsible for the analyzed seismicity, thus identifying a structure (here referred to as the MidAdriatic fault) consisting of a northwest–southeast-striking thrust fault with a ∼ 35° northeast-dipping plane. The use of depth-phase arrival times to constrain off-network event locations is of particular interest in Italy due to both the peculiar shape of the peninsula and the extreme scarcity of seafloor stations, the cost and management of which are very expensive and complex. Here, we present the first attempt to apply this off-network locating technique to the Italian offshore seismicity research with the aim of improving hazard estimations in these hard-to-monitor regions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 480–493
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Im Frühjahr dieses Jahres wurde von der Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, dem Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland (BUND) und der Michael Succow Stiftung, Partner im Greifswald Moor Moorzentrum der „Mooratlas 2023 – Daten und Fakten zu nassen Klimaschützern“ herausgegeben (im August 2023 in der 4. Auflage erschienen). Auf 50 Seiten beschreiben 27 Autorinnen und Autoren Moore, ihre ökosystemare Bedeutung als Bestandteile der Naturlandschaft – mit Schwerpunkt auf ihrer Bedeutung als Kohlenstoffspeicher, für die Biodiversität und als einzigartige Lebensräume, als (land- und forstwirtschaftliche) Produktionsstandorte sowie die komplexen Zusammenhänge der Auswirkungen ihrer Melioration und Nutzung auf das Klima. Dazu wird in 19 doppelseitigen Beiträgen umfangreiches Zahlenmaterial dargeboten. Mit einem Verweis auf neue Nutzungsformen nasser Standorte, die Paludikultur, bietet der Mooratlas darüber hinaus Diskussionsansätze für eine zukünftige landwirtschaftliche Wertschöpfung mit positiven Auswirkungen. Damit liefern die Verfasserinnen und Verfasser einen Beitrag, der dazu führen soll, den Themenkomplex Moor, Moornutzung und Moorschutz und dessen Relevanz in der aktuellen Klimadebatte einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit zugänglich zu machen und ihm einen größeren Stellenwert in der gesellschaftspolitischen Diskussion zuteilwerden zu lassen. [...]
    Description: abstract
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:333.72 ; ddc:631.4 ; ddc:630.914 ; ddc:581.7 ; ddc:333 ; Moor ; Torf ; peatland ; peat
    Language: German
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  • 46
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    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen vol. 17 no. 3, pp. 11-14
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Unter dem mir von Herrn Dr. F. P. Koumans freundlichst überlassenen Hemirhamphiden-Material des Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden ist eine Serie einer neuen Zenarchopterus-Art, die ich wegen der Form der Anale beim erwachsenen Männchen bezeichne als: Zenarchopterus xiphophorus nov. spec. Mus. Leiden:Belawan-Deli, Sumatra; 4 ♂ von 12.5, 12.5, 13.0, 13.5 cm; 2 ♀ von 13.0, 17.0 cm. ♂ D 15; A 10—11; P 11; V 6; Sq. 1. ca. 40. ♀ D 14; A 11—12; P 11; V 6; Sq. 1. ca. 40. Oberschnabel etwas breiter als lang; Länge sechs- bis siebenmal im Schnabelfortsatz enthalten. Analpapille beim ♂ gross mit besonderer Spitze, nicht beschuppt, ♀ ohne. Iriszipfel nicht mehr zu finden. ♂: Vierter D-Strahl verbreitert und um mehr als die Flossenhöhe verlängert; der 4. Strahl ist so stark gebogen, dass — wenigstens bei den erwachsenen konservierten Tieren — der Klunker des Strahlenendes neben dem Silberstreifen an der Körperseite liegt. ♂ A dreiteilig, im vorderen Teil 5 dünne Gliederstrahlen; 6. Strahl stark verdickt, verbreitert, gefiedert und etwa viermal so lang wie der 5., sodass das Ende des 6. bei erwachsenen ♂ noch weit über den Hinterrand der Caudale hinweg ragt. Bei den 12.5 cm langen ♂ überragt der 6. Strahl das C-Ende noch nicht, wohl aber die C-Basis. Im Gegensatz zu Z. brevirostris Gthr. legt sich bei der neuen Art der 6. Strahl nicht neben die Körperseite, sondern bleibt in der Flossenebene unterhalb der Unterkante des Fisches. Hinter dem verlängerten und verbreiterten 6. Strahl folgen der 7.—10. (11.) A-Strahl als selbständiges Flösschen von
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Water frogs (genus Pelophylax) are one of the most widespread and diverse, but also most invasive amphibians of the Western Palearctic region. As such, Pelophylax studies face the challenge of identifying similar taxa that hybridize in sympatry. For this purpose, the nuclear marker serum albumin intron 1 (SAI-1) has been used for over a decade in Pelophylax. Initially praised for its diagnosticity, notably to discriminate common species such as the pool frog (P. lessonae), the marsh frog (P. ridibundus) and their hybridogenetic hybrid the edible frog (P. esculentus) without sequencing (by amplicon length polymorphism), SAI-1 was later questioned due to misidentifications and doubtful patterns of genetic divergence. In this study, we incorporate an up-to-date multilocus phylogeographic framework spanning the entire Pelophylax diversification, to re-assess the performance of SAI-1 for lineage identification and discovery. We show that SAI-1 sequences discriminate all Palearctic water frog species and most of their phylogeographic lineages, enabling us to map their distributions and identify the genomes of hybridogenetic hybrids. However, the phylogeny of SAI-1 is aberrant and unrepresentative of the evolutionof the genus. In particular, differentiated P. l. lessonae alleles segregating in the Alpine region mimic a species-level divergence that is not recovered by any other marker. Moreover, the indel polymorphism that supposedly distinguishes P. lessonae from P. ridibundus, as well as the main P. ridibundus lineages from the Balkans (P. r. ridibundus vs kurtmuelleri), are not diagnostic across the entire range of these taxa. Hence, SAI-1 is neither the panacea for nor the nemesis of Pelophylax genotyping. Sequencing SAI-1 shall continue to offer a reliable and informative preliminary approach of single-gene barcoding identification of lineages, but analyses without sequencing, and other applications such as phylogenetic and taxonomic inferences, should be avoided.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Cycloclypeus carpenteri is one of the deepest living large benthic foraminifera. It has an obligatory relationship with diatom photosymbionts, and, in addition, houses a diverse prokaryotic community. Variations in the eukaryotic and prokaryotic endobiotic community composition might be key in allowing Cycloclypeus to occur in low light environments. We assessed the variability of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities associated with Cycloclypeus along a depth gradient from 50 to 130 m at two locations in the Federated States of Micronesia (Northwest Pacific) by metabarcoding of the 18S V9 rRNA region for eukaryotes and the 16S V3-V4 rRNA region for prokaryotes. We observed a single foraminiferal operational taxonomic unit (OTU), as well as a single dominant diatom OTU that was abundant in all sequenced specimens. Both the prokaryotic and the eukaryotic endobiotic communities (excluding the dominant diatom) changed with water depth and associated irradiance levels. We observed a distinct change in the prokaryotic community composition around 90–100 m water depth at Pohnpei, equivalent to ∼1% surface radiation. This change in microbial communities in the Cycloclypeus holobiont suggests a potential role of the associated microbial communities in accommodating differences in (micro)- habitat, although we cannot exclude that the prokaryote community is to a large extent driven by their community composition in the ambient environment.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: With global increases in anthropogenic pressures on wildlife populations comes a responsibility to manage them effectively. The assessment of marine ecosystem health is challenging and often relies on monitoring indicator species, such as cetaceans. Most cetaceans are however highly mobile and spend the majority of their time hidden from direct view, resulting in uncertainty on even the most basic population metrics. Here, we discuss the value of long-term and internationally combined stranding records as a valuable source of information on the demographic and mortality trends of the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the North Sea. We analysed stranding records (n = 16,181) from 1990 to 2017 and demonstrate a strong heterogeneous seasonal pattern of strandings throughout the North Sea, indicative of season-specific distribution or habitat use, and season-specific mortality. The annual incidence of strandings has increased since 1990, with a notable steeper rise particularly in the southern North Sea since 2005. A high density of neonatal strandings occurred specifically in the eastern North Sea, indicative of areas important for calving, and large numbers of juvenile males stranded in the southern parts, indicative of a population sink or reflecting higher male dispersion. These findings highlight the power of stranding records to detect potentially vulnerable population groups in time and space. This knowledge is vital for managers and can guide, for example, conservation measures such as the establishment of time-areaspecific limits to potentially harmful human activities, aiming to reduce the number and intensity of humanwildlife conflicts.
    Keywords: Surveillance programme ; Wildlife monitoring ; Marine mammal ; Mortality ; North Sea ; Harbour porpoise ; Phocoena phocoena
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Background Mosquito-borne diseases are on the rise. While climatic factors have been linked to disease occurrences, they do not explain the non-random spatial distribution in disease outbreaks. Landscape-related factors, such as vegetation structure, likely play a crucial but hitherto unquantified role. Methods We explored how three critically important factors that are associated with mosquito-borne disease outbreaks: microclimate, mosquito abundance and bird communities, vary at the landscape scale. We compared the co-occurrence of these three factors in two contrasting habitat types (forest versus grassland) across five rural locations in the central part of the Netherlands between June and September 2021. Results Our results show that forest patches provide a more sheltered microclimate, and a higher overall abundance of birds. When accounting for differences in landscape characteristics, we also observed that the number of mosquitoes was higher in isolated forest patches. Conclusions Our findings indicate that, at the landscape scale, variation in tree cover coincides with suitable microclimate and high Culex pipiens and bird abundance. Overall, these factors can help understand the non-random spatial distribution of mosquito-borne disease outbreaks.
    Keywords: Birds ; Culex pipiens ; Forest ; Grassland ; Habitat fragmentation ; Microclimate ; Usutu virus ; West Nile virus
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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