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  • 1
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Loginova, Alexandra; Thomsen, Soeren; Dengler, Marcus; Lüdke, Jan; Engel, Anja (2019): Diapycnal dissolved organic matter supply into the upper Peruvian oxycline. Biogeosciences, 16(9), 2033-2047, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2033-2019
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), amino acids and carbohydrates
    Keywords: amino acids; carbohydrates; Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean; Dissolved Organic Matter; eastern tropical South Pacific; SFB754
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Sediment and pore water samples were collected during the M147 cruise of Research Vessel Meteor in April and May 2018. Additional sediment samples (GeoB 4417-5 and GeoB 4409-2) were collected during the M38-2 cruise in March 1997. Total element concentrations (Fe, Al, K) of the solid phase were measured after acid digestion (HF, HNO3 and HClO4) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (Varian ICP 720-ES). Solid phase iron speciation data were measured following single step sodium dithionite extraction (FeD) or sequential Fe extraction (FeAc, FeDith, FeOxal) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (Varian ICP 720-ES). Solid phase pyrite concentrations (FePy) were calculated stoichiometrically from photometrically measured S2- released via chromium(II) chloride reduction. Total organic carbon (TOC) of the sediment samples was measured in an Elemental Analyzer (Euro EA). Prior to analysis carbon bound to carbonate minerals was removed by leaching the sediment with 0.25 N HCl. Pore water nitrate concentrations were measured on board with a SEAL QuAAtro continuous flow auto analyzer. Pore water samples for dissolved element analysis were acidified with HCl to pH 〈 2 after sampling. Depending on the concentration range, pore water K and Fe was measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (Varian 720 ES) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Agilent 7500).
    Keywords: continental shelf; Fe speciation; porewater; sediment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 17 datasets
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The volume low-field susceptibility (k) and the Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization (ARM) divided by k were measured using u-channel sampling technique on 2G cryogenic magnetometers at the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE). The Summer sea surface temperature has been determined by N. pachyderma s. percentages and planktic foraminifera assemblages (in the 〉150µ fraction) at LSCE. The percentage of clay and silt were measured at Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Université de Lille, using a laser (0.02 -2000 µm) Malvern Mastersizer 2000.
    Keywords: Antarctic Circumpolar Current; magnetic parameters; mineralogic parameters; Summer sea surface temperature
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 4
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Fiedler, Björn; Grundle, Damian; Schütte, Florian; Karstensen, Johannes; Löscher, Carolin R; Hauss, Helena; Wagner, Hannes; Loginova, Alexandra; Kiko, Rainer; Silva, Pericles; Tanhua, Toste; Körtzinger, Arne (2016): Oxygen utilization and downward carbon flux in an oxygen-depleted eddy in the eastern tropical North Atlantic. Biogeosciences, 13(19), 5633-5647, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5633-2016
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The occurrence of mesoscale eddies that develop suboxic environments at shallow depth (about 40-100 m) has recently been reported for the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA). Their hydrographic structure suggests that the water mass inside the eddy is well isolated from ambient waters supporting the development of severe near-surface oxygen deficits. So far, hydrographic and biogeochemical characterization of these eddies was limited to a few autonomous surveys, with the use of moorings, under water gliders and profiling floats. In this study we present results from the first dedicated biogeochemical survey of one of these eddies conducted in March 2014 near the Cape Verde Ocean Observatory (CVOO). During the survey the eddy core showed oxygen concentrations as low as 5 µmol kg-1 with a pH of around 7.6 at approximately 100 m depth. Correspondingly, the aragonite saturation level dropped to 1 at the same depth, thereby creating unfavorable conditions for calcifying organisms. To our knowledge, such enhanced acidity within near-surface waters has never been reported before for the open Atlantic Ocean. Vertical distributions of particulate organic matter and dissolved organic matter (POM and DOM), generally showed elevated concentrations in the surface mixed layer (0-70 m), with DOM also accumulating beneath the oxygen minimum. With the use of reference data from the upwelling region where these eddies are formed, the oxygen utilization rate was calculated by determining oxygen consumption through the remineralization of organic matter. Inside the core, we found these rates were almost 1 order of magnitude higher (apparent oxygen utilization rate (aOUR); 0.26 µmol kg-1 day-1) than typical values for the open North Atlantic. Computed downward fluxes for particulate organic carbon (POC), were around 0.19 to 0.23 g C m-2 day-1 at 100 m depth, clearly exceeding fluxes typical for an oligotrophic open-ocean setting. The observations support the view that the oxygen-depleted eddies can be viewed as isolated, westwards propagating upwelling systems of their own, thereby represent re-occurring alien biogeochemical environments in the ETNA.
    Keywords: CARBOCHANGE; CARBOOCEAN; Changes in the carbon uptake and emissions by oceans in a changing climate; Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean; Marine carbon sources and sinks assessment; SFB754; SOPRAN; Surface Ocean Processes in the Anthropocene
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The volume low-field susceptibility (k) and the Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization (ARM) divided by k were measured using u-channel sampling technique on 2G cryogenic magnetometers at the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE). The percentage of clay and silt were measured at Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Université de Lille, using a laser (0.02 -2000 µm) Malvern Mastersizer 2000.
    Keywords: last deglaciation; magnetic parameters; mineralogic parameters
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2, 3.3 Ma, is an isolated cold stage punctuating the benthic oxygen isotope (δ¹⁸O) stratigraphy of the warm Piacenzian interval of the late Pliocene Epoch. The prominent (~0.65‰) δ¹⁸O increase that defines MIS M2 has prompted debate over the extent to which it signals an early prelude to the rhythmic extensive glaciations of the northern hemisphere that characterise the Quaternary and raised questions about the forcing mechanisms responsible. Recent work suggests that CO₂ storage in the deep Atlantic Ocean played an important role in these events but detailed reconstructions of deep ocean chemical stratification are needed to test this idea and competing hypotheses. Here we present new records of the Nd isotope composition of fish debris and δ¹³C and B/Ca ratios of benthic foraminifera from the northwest and southeast Atlantic Ocean. Our novel geochemical data show that, in contrast to major Quaternary glaciations such as MIS 2 (~21 ka) and MIS 100 (~2.52 Ma), the deep North Atlantic Ocean was weakly chemically stratified during MIS M2. We show that Southern Component Water incursion into the Atlantic Ocean was limited to the deep South Atlantic basin during MIS M2 and peaked well before (~10-15-kyr) the atmospheric CO₂ minimum. Our findings imply that the deep Atlantic Ocean was not the principle sink of CO₂ sequestered from the atmosphere during MIS M2, implicating a different CO₂ storage deep-water reservoir mechanism, presumably Southern Component Water incursion into the Pacific Ocean. Weak chemical stratification in the deep Atlantic Ocean during MIS M2 relative to MIS 100 and 2 suggests comparatively active Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. That suggestion is consistent with the warmth of the high latitude North Atlantic during MIS M2 - surface water temperatures cooled during M2 but only to Holocene values. Our findings may help to explain the paucity of evidence for extensive early glaciation of the northern hemisphere during M2 but leave open the possibility of ice sheet advance on Antarctica.
    Keywords: AMOC; Atlantic circulation; B/Ca; Last Glacial; MIS 100; MIS M2; Nd isotopes
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The data contain the age model data for IODP Expedition 383 Sites U1540 and U1541. The age model of Site U1540 is on graphical correlation (tuning) to IODP Site U1541. Opal content data and opal/CaCO3 ratios are represented for IODP Expedition 383 Sites and POLARSTERN Cruise PS75 sediment cores. The data contain the ACC strength record at IODP Site U1540 and Site U1541 and several PS75 sediment cores. The absolute ACC strength record was calculated from sortable silt data using a formula from the Scotia Sea by McCave et al. (2017). The sortable silt record was calculated from ln(Zr/Rb) using a regional calibration from discrete grain-size measurement. The ln(Zr(/Rb record was interpolated to 0.5 kyr and 9-point adjacent averaged.
    Keywords: Age model; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP; Stratigraphy
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 12 datasets
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Keywords: Absorption coefficient, 325 nm; Absorption coefficient, 355 nm; Absorption coefficient, 375 nm; Cape Verde; CapeVerde_2012_Mesocosm; Carbon, organic, dissolved; Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean; Coomassie stainable particles; Coomassie stainable particles, abundance; Coomassie stainable particles, equivalent spherical diameter; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Fluorescence, dissolved organic matter, component; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Nitrogen, organic, dissolved; Nitrogen, total dissolved; Ratio; Run ID; Sample code/label; SFB754; Slope; Slope between 275 nm and 295 nm; Slope between 350 nm and 400 nm; Slope ratio; Spectral slope of colored dissolved organic matter absorption; Transparent exopolymer particles; Transparent exopolymer particles, abundance; Transparent exopolymer particles, equivalent spherical diameter; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6236 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Important data from the African Centre of Meteorological Applications for Development (ACMAD) collection have been recently rescued from unstable fiche media and scanned to digital images by the EU funded Copernicus Climate Change Service and the Royal Meteorological Institute (RMI) of Belgium. The team at the C3S2-311 Lot 1 Collection and Processing of In Situ Observations service led by the Irish Climate Analysis and Research UnitS (ICARUS) at Maynooth University, Ireland enrolled the help of 2nd year university undergraduate students to transcribe quickly and effectively some of these important ACMAD meteorological surface observations. New and unique datasets for Macenta, Guinea (1947-1953) and Andapa, Madagascar (1949-1957) were digitised with each station consisting of sub-daily observations for: cloud, temperature, humidity, evaporation, pressure and wind as well as daily observations for: evaporation, precipitation and temperature. The newly digitised Sub-Saharan African data will increase the temporal and spatial coverage of data in this important data-sparse region where climate change impact studies are crucial., Students gained new skills and a deep appreciation of historical climatology while helping the global scientific community unearth new insights into past sub-Saharan African climate. The Climate Data Rescue Africa project (CliDaR-Africa project) model has the potential for a broader roll-out to other educational contexts and there is certainly no shortage of data to be rescued with millions of images remaining untouched. Therefore, this paper provides details of the project, and all supporting information such as project guidelines and templates to enable other organisations to instigate similar programs in future.
    Keywords: Climate data; meteorological observations; Sub-Saharan Africa
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 28 datasets
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This dataset presents benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O chronostratigraphies for International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1541, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1090 and ODP Site 980-981 based on different tuning targets including LR04 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005), LR09 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2009), CENOGRID (Westerhold et al., 2020) and Probstack (Ahn et al., 2017) obtained by Middleton et al. (2024). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record for IODP Site U1541 (54°13'S, 125°25'W) recently recovered from the central South Pacific on IODP Expedition 383 (Winckler et al., 2021) is shown for the first time and is published in Middleton et al. (2024). All data records are based on Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Cibicides kullenbergi, or combinations thereof. The dataset provides the basis for investigating and discussing the uncertainties of benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O stratigraphies for conventional manual and automated tuning techniques and evaluate their impact on sedimentary age models over the past 3.5 Myr (Middleton et al., 2024).
    Keywords: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 7 datasets
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