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An apparatus for combined-stress testing in the plastic range

A generalized two-dimensional stress system is obtained by applying independently an axial load, a pure torque and an internal pressure to a thin-walled tube

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Abstract

Investigations into the plastic properties of materials require apparatus capable of applying a general stress system and of measuring the resultant deformations. A novel apparatus is described which applies independently an axial load, a pure torque and internal pressure to a thin-walled tube, each of these components being capable of sensitive control. Details of the strainmeasuring techniques are also given.

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Abbreviations

a :

area of tension ram

b :

Boulton Paul indicator reading

D :

diameter of torque ram

D g :

external diameter of grid

d :

current mean diameter of tubular specimen

d o :

initial mean diameter of tubular specimen

δK :

circumferential displacement of pointer relative to grid

l :

current gage length

m :

micrometer reading

P x :

pressure acting on tension ram

P y :

internal pressure in tube

P xy :

pressure difference on torque rams=P xy,1-Pxy,2

P xy,1 :

pressures acting on torque rams

P xy,2 :

pressures acting on torque rams

R :

radius of torque drum

t :

current wall thickness of tubular specimen

t 0 :

initial wall thickness of tubular specimen

∈ x , ∈ y , ∈ z :

true strains, axial, circumferential and radial respectively

σ x , σ y , σ z :

axial, circumferential and radial normal stresses

σ xy :

shear stress inxy plane

References

  1. Swift, H. W., “Plastic Instability Under Plane Stress,”J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 1 (1),1–18, (1952).

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  2. Firth, D., “High-Precision Electric Dynamometers,”Engineer (GB), 199 (5176),478–480, (1955).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plasticity Division, Materials Group, National Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride, Glasgow, Scotland

    H. Ll. D. Pugh, W. M. Mair & A. C. Rapier

Authors
  1. H. Ll. D. Pugh
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  2. W. M. Mair
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  3. A. C. Rapier
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Additional information

A. C. Rapier, formerly with same Division at National Engineering Laboratory, is now with United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Windscale Works, Calder Bridge, Cumberland.

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Pugh, H.L.D., Mair, W.M. & Rapier, A.C. An apparatus for combined-stress testing in the plastic range. Experimental Mechanics 4, 281–288 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02321422

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02321422

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