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Comparison and analysis of SWDs retrieval from GPS/BDS and validation with ray-traced delays

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Abstract

An extensive validation of tropospheric slant wet delays (SWDs) from GPS/BDS and ray tracing through numerical weather models of ECMWF was presented. The observation data of seven MGEX stations from the 120th to 130th days in 2018 were processed using the GAMIT 10.7 software. Four strategies were used to compare GPS/BDS SWD estimates and to assess the impact of several aspects of the processing strategy on the SWDs retrieval. The ray-traced SWDs based on ECMWF obtained from the RADIATE Project by the TU WIEN were taken as the references. Inter-techniques evaluations demonstrated a good agreement of GPS/BDS SWDs compared with the ray-traced SWDs based on ECMWF. The mean absolute biases (MAbias) between the GPS SWDs and the ECMWF ray-traced SWDs are about 3.7 and 4.4 cm using GPS final precise orbit & clock products and ultra-rapid orbit products, respectively. The MAbias between the BDS SWDs and the ECMWF ray-traced SWDs are about 3.9 and 4.8 cm using BDS final precise orbit & clock products and ultra-rapid orbit products, respectively. The RMSE of the GPS SWDs were about 6.6 and 7.6 cm based on GPS final precise orbit and clock products and ultra-rapid orbit products, respectively, with the ECMWF ray-traced SWDs as the reference values. And the RMSE of the BDS SWDs are about 6.0 and 7.3 cm based on BDS final precise orbit and clock products and ultra-rapid orbit products, respectively. The deviation between the GPS/BDS SWDs and the ECMWF ray-traced SWDs shows a strong elevation angle dependency especially when the elevation angle is less than 20°. The deviation is about 1 cm close to the zenith and about 6–10 cm at an elevation angle of 10°. And the deviation can reach 20–50 cm when the elevation angle is less than 3°. The above experiments show that the SWD parameters retrieved by the GPS/BDS especially using the ultra-rapid orbit products are very promising for weather forecasting and have great potential for meteorological applications.

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Data availability

The GPS/BDS data used in this paper can be freely accessed at https://www.igs.org/mgex/data-products. The precise ephemeris and clock products used in this paper can be freely accessed at http://www.igs.gnsswhu.cn/index.php/Home/DataProduct/ mgex.html. The ECMWF ray-traced SWD data can be obtained at http://vmf.geo.tuwien.ac.at/raytracing.html. The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the IGS data center of Wuhan university (http://www.igs.gnsswhu.cn/index.php/Home/DataProduct/mgex.html) for providing the multi-GNSS observation data and the precise GPS and BDS data products. The authors also like to thank the TU Wien for providing VMF1 tropospheric grid products and the Individual ray-tracing tool (http://vmf.geo.tuwien.ac.at//raytracing.html). This work is supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (ZR2017MD029), the Shandong Provincial Department of Housing and Urban Rural Construction Technology Project Plan (2017-R1-004). The authors greatly appreciate the Editors and the anonymous Reviewers on this manuscript.

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  1. College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China

    Qiuying Guo, Xuxiang Wu, Yingjun Sun, Wengang Sang & Dewei Li

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  1. Qiuying Guo
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  2. Xuxiang Wu
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Correspondence to Qiuying Guo.

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Guo, Q., Wu, X., Sun, Y. et al. Comparison and analysis of SWDs retrieval from GPS/BDS and validation with ray-traced delays. Meteorol Atmos Phys 133, 1661–1674 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-021-00833-x

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