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Zircon Hf isotope evidence for an enriched mantle source for the Bushveld Igneous Complex

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Abstract

We use the Hf isotope composition of zircon from the Bushveld Complex to better understand the source of its parent magmas. The data set, which consists of 141 individual LA-ICP-MS analyses from 11 samples encompassing the entire cumulate stratigraphy, shows that the parent magmas had a Hf isotope composition unlike that of the depleted mantle at 2.06 Ga. Specifically, sample average εHf(present) values range from −55.3 to −52.5 (εHf(2.06 Ga) = −9.0 to −6.8) and are surprisingly homogeneous. This homogeneity is difficult to reconcile with direct assimilation of crustal material by Bushveld parent magmas because it would require that each batch of magma had assimilated just the right amount of material to all acquire the same Hf isotopic composition. Also, calculations suggest that simple mixing of regional crust into a primitive, mantle-derived liquid cannot account for both the presumed Hf and major elemental concentrations and the 176Hf/177Hf ratio of the Bushveld magmas. Rather, the Hf data are consistent with generation of these magmas by partial melting in a sub-continental mantle lithospheric source with an unradiogenic Hf isotopic composition equal to that of the Bushveld parent magmas. Several possibilities for the development of such a source are explored using the new Hf isotope data.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Louise Bolge for her oversight and help in implementing the zircon Hf LA-ICP-MS technique at the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory. This work was made possible by institutional funding from the American Museum of Natural History to N.A. Zirakparvar. Insightful and constructive reviews by Jeff Vervoort and an anonymous reviewer contributed to improving this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY, 10024, USA

    N. Alex Zirakparvar & Edmond. A. Mathez

  2. Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2020 - 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

    James S. Scoates & Corey J. Wall

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  1. N. Alex Zirakparvar
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  2. Edmond. A. Mathez
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  3. James S. Scoates
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  4. Corey J. Wall
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Correspondence to N. Alex Zirakparvar.

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Communicated by T. L. Grove.

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Alex Zirakparvar, N., Mathez, E.A., Scoates, J.S. et al. Zircon Hf isotope evidence for an enriched mantle source for the Bushveld Igneous Complex. Contrib Mineral Petrol 168, 1050 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-014-1050-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-014-1050-2

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