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Pan-Arctic population of the keystone copepod Calanus glacialis

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Abstract

The copepod Calanus glacialis is endemic to the Arctic Ocean and peripheral seas and forms a key component of the Arctic marine ecosystems. It is the major contributor to zooplankton biomass, a predominant grazer, and an important prey for seabirds, and fish. As for a planktonic species, its dispersal is expected to be widespread and mediated by ocean currents. However, complex circulation patterns and the existence of semi-enclosed fjords and seas in the Arctic can be hypothesized to influence the population genetic structure of this species. In this study, we aimed to infer patterns of connectivity between populations of C. glacialis distributed around the Arctic and across putative barriers formed by oceanographic currents and semi-enclosed fjords and seas. To achieve this, we used 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci to genotype 189 individuals from 7 locations: Svalbard fjords (Kongsfjorden, Hornsund, Isfjorden, Rijpfjorden, and Storfjorden), White Sea, and Amundsen Gulf, thus providing greater genetic resolution over a larger biogeographical scale than in previous studies. The results revealed a lack of structure among all seven locations around the Arctic, indicating a panmictic population with large-scale gene flow. This study also supports the hypothesis that the planktonic fauna of the White Sea is not isolated from that of the other Arctic regions.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Daria Martynova, Eva Leu, and Stig Falk-Petersen for providing the samples from the White Sea and Amundsen Bay; Marta Valente Bernardo (CCMAR) for sequencing and genotyping assistance; and Joanna Pardus (IO PAS) for the map. This research project was supported by Grant No. 2011/03/B/NZ8/02876 from the National Science Centre, Poland, and by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, FCT, CCMAR/Multi/04326/2013. Agata Weydmann visited CCMAR, thanks to the support of the European Community—Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 “Capacities” Specific Programme (ASSEMBLE Grant Agreement No. 227799).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstancow Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland

    Agata Weydmann & Artur Burzyński

  2. Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland

    Agata Weydmann

  3. CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Nelson C. Coelho, Ester A. Serrão & Gareth A. Pearson

  4. Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6290, Rennes, France

    Nelson C. Coelho

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  1. Agata Weydmann
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Correspondence to Agata Weydmann.

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Weydmann, A., Coelho, N.C., Serrão, E.A. et al. Pan-Arctic population of the keystone copepod Calanus glacialis . Polar Biol 39, 2311–2318 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-016-1898-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-016-1898-x

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