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Recent benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the Celtic Sea (South Western Approaches, NE Atlantic)

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Abstract

The faunal composition and diversity pattern of Recent benthic foraminifera from the shelf and slope of the South Western Approaches (Celtic Sea) were assessed. The sampling stations cover a depth range from 100 to 500 m. A total number of 294 species was recorded, of which 89 were found exclusively in the living fauna and 118 only in the dead assemblage, whereas 87 species were found in both assemblages. The faunal composition revealed a distinct bisection of the living fauna on the shelf. While certain distribution patterns of living dominant species were recognized along a NE-SW trending transect towards the shelf edge, the living fauna changed within small depth intervals and geographic position on the slope. Causes for these structured slope assemblages were probably along-slope currents of varying strengths, as well as variations in topography and bottom sediments. Analyses of population densities and diversity patterns determined high densities along the shelf edge and at one slope station, as well as an increasing diversity with water depth. A comparison with literature data from the same area yields distinct differences in faunal composition on the shelf and slope. The diversity was similar on the shelf, but higher at corresponding stations on the slope. We conclude that the faunal composition was highly influenced by the time and methods of sampling. In order to obtain consistent results in regional studies, all samples should be taken in a short time interval and by using the same sampling device. In addition, we depicted the influences of environmental parameters on dead faunal assemblages and their consequences for paleoenvironmental interpretations of fossil foraminiferal assemblages.

Zusammenfassung

Im Rahmen dieses Forschungsprojektes wurden die Faunenzusammensetzung und Diversitätsmuster benthischer Foraminiferen vom Schelf und Kontinentalhang der South Western Approaches (Keltische See) ermittelt. Die beprobten Stationen liegen in einem Tiefenbereich von 100–500 m. Die statistische Auswertung der Daten ergab eine Gesamtartenzahl von 294, mit 89 lebenden und 118 toten Arten, sowie 87 Arten, die sowohl in der Lebend- als auch in der Totfauna vertreten waren. Die Artenzusammensetzung erbrachte eine deutliche Zweiteilung der Lebendfauna auf dem Schelf. Während sich bestimmte Verteilungsmuster einiger dominanter lebender Arten entlang eines NE-SW Transekts in Richtung der Schelfkante ergaben, zeigte die Lebendfauna am Hang eine starke Strukturierung sowohl innerhalb kurzer Tiefenintervalle als auch bezüglich ihrer geographischen Position an. Gründe hierfür könnten möglicherweise die unterschiedlichen Wassermassen, die in unterschiedlichen Tiefen entlang des oberen Kontinentalhangs strömen, als auch dessen differenzierte Topographie und Sedimentzusammensetzung sein. Die Untersuchung der Siedlungsdichten und Diversitätsmuster zeigte eine hohe Dichte entlang der Schelfkante und an einer Station am Hang, sowie eine kontinuierliche Zunahme der Diversität mit zunehmender Wassertiefe. Ein Vergleich mit Literaturdaten aus diesem Gebiet erbrachte deutliche Unterschiede in der Faunenzusammensetzung sowohl auf dem Schelf als auch auf dem Hang. Während sich für den Schelf im Vergleich recht ähnliche Diversitätsmuster ergaben, waren die Diversitäten am Kontinentalhang für nahegelegene Stationen anderer Autoren höher. Wir konnten zeigen, dass der Zeitpunkt und die Methodik der Probennahme einen starken Einfluss auf die Faunenzusamensetzung besitzen. Um konsistente Datensätze zur Diversität in einem regionalen Gebiet erhalten zu können, sollten alle Proben innerhalb einer kurzen Zeitspanne und nach einer einheitlichen Methodik entnommen werden. Weiterhin konnten wir zeigen, welchen Einfluss Umweltparameter auf die Zusammensetzung der Totfauna besitzen, und welche Auswirkungen dies auf die Interpretation des Paläomilieus anhand von fossilen Foraminiferengemeinschaften haben kann.

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Acknowledgments

Samples of R/V Victor Hensen cruise VH97 and of FS Thalia cruise were provided by Andrè Freiwald, Senckenberg Wilhelmshaven and Beate Bader, Harstad, respectively. Sampling on R/V Belgica cruise BG08/12a was done by Julia Langenbacher, Kiel. We acknowledge the help of Lei Chou, Université libre de Bruxelles for providing ship time for sea floor sampling on this cruise. The second author (J. Schönfeld) acknowledges the help of Captain Walter Baschek as officer on watch and his crew with box-corer operations at the Brittany margin during R/V Poseidon cruise PO201/10. Holger Kühl, Kiel is thanked for help during sampling and Lea Wiser, München is thanked for preparation of foraminifera. Wolfgang Kuhnt and Birgit Mohr, University of Kiel are thanked for help with preparation of microscope and SEM photographs, respectively. We are also grateful to John W. Murray, Southampton for providing metadata of his shelf samples, as well as to the editor Oliver Rauhut and to anonymous reviewers for their useful and constructive comments. Nicholas Fraser, University of Kiel scrutinized the manuscript. This work was funded by the German Research Foundation; grant number SCHO 605/9-1.

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Appendix 1 Taxonomic references of benthic foraminiferal species reported in this study, as well as those of Sturrock and Murray (1981), Murray et al. (1982), and Schönfeld and Altenbach (2005). This appendix can be found at OceanRep (GEOMAR_Publications Database; http://oceanrep.geomar.de/24635/).

Appendix 2 Foraminiferal census data reported in this study, as well as those of Sturrock and Murray (1981), Murray et al. (1982), and Schönfeld and Altenbach (2005). This appendix can be found at OceanRep (GEOMAR_Publications Database; http://oceanrep.geomar.de/24635/).

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Dorst, S., Schönfeld, J. & Walter, L. Recent benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the Celtic Sea (South Western Approaches, NE Atlantic). Paläontol Z 89, 287–302 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-014-0240-6

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