Abstract.
The difficulty associated with an accurate determination of transition rates for forbidden lines in lowly ionized heavy elements is illustrated in the case of Nd II. We have investigated the radiative decay of the low-lying metastable levels in Nd+ including the two levels \(4f^4(^5{\rm I})5d \ ^6\)K11/2 and \(4f^4(^5{\rm I})5d \ ^6\)I13/2. In these two particular cases, using different theoretical approaches, we find that the decay is dominated by the M1 channels but that the E2 contributions are of the same order of magnitude. These levels have also been studied experimentally by lifetime measurements with the heavy ion storage ring CRYRING of Stockholm University. The difficulties encountered when performing such experiments are underlined and discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Adelman, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 26, 1 (1973)
C.R. Cowley, H.M. Crosswhite, P.A.S.P. 90, 108 (1978)
M.A. Smith, Astrophys. J. 189, 101 (1974)
D.L. Lambert, in Cools Stars with Excesses of Heavy Elements, edited by M. Jaschek, P.C. Keenan (Reidel, 1985)
R.S. Maier, W. Whaling, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 18, 501 (1977)
M. Asplund, N. Grevesse, A.J. Sauval, In Cosmic Abundances as Records of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis, edited by F.N. Bash, T.G. Barnes, ASP Conf. Ser., San Francisco, Vol. XXX (2005)
R.C.M. Learner, J. Davies, A.P. Thorne, Mont. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 248, 414 (1991)
M. Eriksson, U. Litzén, G.M. Wahlgrén, D.S. Leckrone, Phys. Scripta 65, 480 (2002)
É. Biémont, Phys. Scripta T119, 55 (2005)
É. Biémont, P. Quinet, Phys. Scripta T105, 38 (2003)
Database DREAM on the site http://www.umh.ac.be/~astro/dream.shtml
S. Mannervik, Phys. Scripta T105, 67 (2003)
A. Derkatch, L. Ilyinsky, S. Mannervik, L.-O. Norlin, D. Rostohar, P. Royen, P. Schef, É. Biémont, Phys. Rev. A 65, 062508 (2002)
D. Rostohar, A. Derkatch, H. Hartman, S. Mannervik, L.-O. Norlin, P. Royen, A. Schmitt, X. Tordoir, Phys. Scripta 64, 237 (2001)
W.C. Martin, R. Zalubas, L. Hagan, Atomic Energy Levels, The Rare Earth Elements, NSRDS-NBS 60 (1978) and NIST database on line
J. Blaise, J.-F. Wyart, M.T. Djerad, Z.B. Ahmed, Phys. Scripta 29, 119 (1984)
C.H. Corliss, W.R. Bozman, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Monogr. 53, 256 (1962)
T. Andersen, O. Poulsen, P.S. Ramanujam, A.P. Petkov, Sol. Phys. 44, 257 (1975)
L. Ward, O. Vogel, A. Ahnesjoe, A. Arnesen, R. Hallin, L. McIntyre, C. Nordling, Phys. Scripta 29, 551 (1984)
L. Ward, O. Vogel, A. Arnesen, R. Hallin, A. Wännström, Phys. Scripta 31, 161 (1985)
J. Reader, C.H. Corliss, W.L. Wiese, G.A. Martin, Wavelengths and Transition Probabilities for Atoms and Atomic Ions, NSRDS-NBS 68 (1980)
K.B. Blagoev, V.A. Komarovskii, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 56, 1 (1994)
V.N. Gorshkov, V.A. Komarovskii, A.L. Osherovich, N.P. Penkin, Astrophysics (USSR) 17, 437 (1982)
C.M. Pinciuc, R.C. Rivest, M.R. Izawa, R.A. Holt, S.D. Rosner, T.J. Scholl, Can. J. Phys. 79, 1159 (2001)
F. Lu, S. Wu, W. Shi, P. Shi, J. Yang, L. Song, J. Tang, F. Yang, Chin. Phys. Lett. 6, 161 (1989)
W. Shi, F. Lu, S. Wu, P. Shi, J. Yang, L. Song, J. Tang, F. Yang, Phys. Rev. A 43, 1451 (1991)
T.J. Scholl, R.A. Holt, D. Masterman, R.C. Rivest, S.D. Rosner, A. Sharikova, Can. J. Phys. 80, 713 (2002)
H.L. Xu, S. Svanberg, R.D. Cowan, P.-H. Lefèbvre, P. Quinet, É. Biémont, Mont. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 346, 433 (2003)
R.D. Cowan, The Theory of Atomic Structure and Spectra (Univ. California Press, Berkeley, Calif., USA, 1981)
F. Parpia, C. Froese Fischer, I.P. Grant, Comput. Phys. Commun. 94, 249 (1996)
N.R. Badnell, J. Phys. B 19, 3827 (1986)
N.R. Badnell, J. Phys. B 30, 1 (1997)
W. Eissner, M. Jones, H. Nussbaumer, Comput. Phys. Commun. 8, 270 (1974)
W. Eissner, H. Nussbaumer, J. Phys. B 2, 1028 (1969)
K. Abrahamsson et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 79, 268 (1993)
J. Lidberg, A. Al-Khalili, L.O. Norlin, P. Royen, X. Tordoir, S. Mannervik, Nucl Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 152, 157 (1999)
D. Rostohar, A. Derkatch, H. Hartman, S. Johansson, H. Lundberg, S. Mannervik, L.-O. Norlin, P. Royen, A, Schmitt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1466 (2001)
S. Mannervik, L. Broström, J. Lidberg, L.-O. Norlin, P. Royen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3675 (1996)
P. Schef, P. Lundin, É. Biémont, A. Källberg, L.-O. Norlin, P. Palmeri, P. Royen, A. Simonsson, S. Mannervik, Phys. Rev. A 72, 020501 (2005)
H. Hartman, D. Rostohar, A. Derkatch, P. Lundin, P. Schef, S. Johansson, H. Lundberg, S. Mannervik, L.-O. Norlin, P. Royen, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 36, L197 (2003)
S. Mannervik, A. Ellmann, P. Lundin, L.-O. Norlin, D. Rostohar, P. Royen, P. Schef, Phys. Scripta T119, 49 (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Biémont, É., Ellmann, A., Lundin, P. et al. Decay of metastable states in Nd II. Eur. Phys. J. D 41, 211–219 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2006-00229-5
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2006-00229-5