Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Study of temperature and material flow during friction spot welding of 7B04-T74 aluminum alloy

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Temperature and material flow behavior during friction spot welding of Alclad 7B04-T74 aluminum alloy were studied by both numerical simulation and welding experiment. The Alclad 7B04-T74 aluminum alloy sequentially experienced solid solution treatment at 465 °C, low temperature artificial aging at 120 °C, and high temperature artificial aging at 180 °C. During welding, the material which flowed into the sleeve cavity suffered from higher temperature, and the peak temperature in the stir zone was higher than the incipient melting temperature of the base material. Accordingly, the eutectic films along the grain boundaries can be observed in the stir zone after welding. The peak temperatures in the thermo-mechanically affected zone and the heat affected zone were lower than the solution temperature and higher than the artificial aging temperature of the base material. In the sleeve retreating stage of the welding process, the material in the sleeve cavity flowed downward out of the sleeve cavity, and then it flowed laterally and upward to fill the gap left by the retreating sleeve. Such a material flow path resulted in the “U-shaped” morphology of the bonding ligament, the upward curving of the hook, and the upward distortion of the grains in the thermo-mechanically affected zone.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Suhuddin UFH, Fischer V, dos Santos JF (2013) The thermal cycle during the dissimilar friction spot welding of aluminum and magnesium alloy. Scr Mater 68:87–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Zhao YQ, Liu HJ, Lin Z, Chen SX, Hou JC (2014) Microstructures and mechanical properties of friction spot welded Alclad 7B04-T74 aluminium alloy. Sci Technol Weld Join 19:617–622

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Zhao YQ, Liu HJ, Chen SX, Lin Z, Hou JC (2014) Effects of sleeve plunge depth on microstructures and mechanical properties of friction spot welded alclad 7B04-T74 aluminum alloy. Mater Des 62:40–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Lathabai S, Painter MJ, Cantin GMD, Tyagi VK (2006) Friction spot joining of an extruded Al-Mg-Si alloy. Scripta Mater 55:899–902

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Solanki KN, Jordon JB, Whittington W, Rao H, Hubbard CR (2012) Structure–property relationships and residual stress quantification of a friction stir spot welded magnesium alloy. Scripta Mater 66:797–800

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Jonckheere C, de Meester B, Cassiers C, Delhaye M, Simar A (2012) Fracture and mechanical properties of friction stir spot welds in 6063-T6 aluminum alloy. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 62:569–575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Karthikeyan R, Balasubramanian V (2010) Predictions of the optimized friction stir spot welding process parameters for joining AA2024 aluminum alloy using RSM. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 51:173–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Song X, Ke L, Xing L, Liu F, Huang C (2014) Effect of plunge speeds on hook geometries and mechanical properties in friction stir spot welding of A6061-T6 sheets. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 71:2003–2010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Oliveira PHF, Amancio-Filho ST, dos Santos JF, Hage E Jr (2010) Preliminary study on the feasibility of friction spot welding in PMMA. Mater Lett 64:2098–2101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Amancio-Filho ST, Bueno C, dos Santos JF, Huber N, Hage E Jr (2011) On the feasibility of friction spot joining in magnesium/fiber-reinforced polymer composite hybrid structures. Mater Sci Eng A 528:3841–3848

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Tier MD, Rosendo TS, dos Santos JF, Huber N, Mazzaferro JA, Mazzaferro CP et al (2013) The influence of refill FSSW parameters on the microstructure and shear strength of 5042 aluminium welds. J Mater Process Technol 213:997–1005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Rosendo T, Parra B, Tier MAD, da Silva AAM, dos Santos JF, Strohaecker TR et al (2011) Mechanical and microstructural investigation of friction spot welded AA6181-T4 aluminium alloy. Mater Des 32:1094–1100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Karim H, Sindhura K, William J (2010) Simulation of a refill friction stir spot welding process using a fully coupled thermo-mechanical FEM model. J Manuf Sci Eng 132:014503-1-5

  14. Shen Z, Yang X, Yang S, Zhang Z, Yin Y (2014) Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction spot welded 6061-T4 aluminum alloy. Mater Des 54:766–778

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Shen Z, Yang X, Zhang Z, Cui L, Li T (2013) Microstructure and failure mechanisms of refill friction stir spot welded 7075-T6 aluminum alloy joints. Mater Des 44:476–486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Suhuddin U, Fischer V, Kroeff F, dos Santos JF (2014) Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction spot welds of dissimilar AA5754 Al and AZ31 Mg alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 590:384–389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Campanelli LC, Suhuddin UFH, Antonialli AIS, dos Santos JF, de Alcantara NG, Bolfarini C (2013) Metallurgy and mechanical performance of AZ31 magnesium alloy friction spot welds. J Mater Process Technol 213:515–521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Shen J, Suhuddin UFH, Cardillo MEB, dos Santos JF (2014) Eutectic structures in friction spot welding joint of aluminum alloy to copper. Appl Phys Lett 104:191901

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Buffa G, Hua J, Shivpuri R, Fratini L (2006) A continuum based FEM model for friction stir welding—model development. Mater Sci Eng A 419:389–396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Fratini L, Buffa G, Shivpuri R (2010) Mechanical and metallurgical effects of in process cooling during friction stir welding of AA7075-T6 butt joints. Acta Mater 58:2056–2067

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Fratini L, Buffa G, Shivpuri R (2007) Improving friction stir welding of blanks of different thicknesses. Mater Sci Eng A 459:209–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Gerlich A, Yamamoto M, North TH (2008) Local melting and tool slippage during friction stir spot welding of Al-alloys. J Mater Sci 43:2–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Gerlich A, Avramovic-Cingara G, North TH (2006) Stir zone microstructure and strain rate during Al 7075-T6 friction stir spot welding. Metall Mater Trans A 37A:2773–2786

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Gerlich A, Yamamoto M, North TH (2007) Strain rates and grain growth in Al 5754 and Al 6061 friction stir spot welds. Metall Mater Trans A 38:1291–1302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Hassan KAA, Prangnell PB, Norman AF, Price DA, Williams SW (2003) Effect of welding parameters on nugget zone microstructure and properties in high strength aluminium alloy friction stir welds. Sci Technol Weld Join 8:257–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Colegrove PA, Shercliff HR (2003) Experimental and numerical analysis of aluminium alloy 7075-T7351 friction stir welds. Sci Technol Weld Join 8:360–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Song M, Kovacevic R (2003) Thermal modeling of friction stir welding in a moving coordinate system and its validation. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 43:605–615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Buffa G, Fratini L, Shivpuri R (2007) CDRX modelling in friction stir welding of AA7075-T6 aluminum alloy: analytical approaches. J Mater Process Technol 191:356–359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Davis JY (1993) Properties and selection nonferrous alloys and special purpose materials ASM handbook 2: 455–62

  30. Porter DA, Easterling KE (1981) Phase transformations in metals and alloys. Van Nostrand Reinhold, Wokingham

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People’s Republic of China

    Yunqiang Zhao, Huijie Liu, Tengfei Yang, Zhe Lin & Yanying Hu

Authors
  1. Yunqiang Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Huijie Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tengfei Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zhe Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yanying Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Huijie Liu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhao, Y., Liu, H., Yang, T. et al. Study of temperature and material flow during friction spot welding of 7B04-T74 aluminum alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 83, 1467–1475 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7681-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7681-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation