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Sub-volcanic crystallization at Sete Cidades volcano, São Miguel, Azores, inferred from mafic and ultramafic plutonic nodules

Sub-vulkanische Kristallisation am Sete Cidades Vulkan, São Miguel, Azoren: Die Bedeutung mafischer und ultramafischer plutonischer Einschlüsse

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Summary

Suites of coarse-grained clasts (“plutonic nodules“) within the scoria of two separate mafic post-caldera parasitic vents, on Sete Cidades volcano, are described. These involve dunites, wehrlites, olivine clinopyroxenites, clinopyroxenites and olivine gabbros in the Eguas ankaramitic cone and pyroxene hornblendites, kaersutite gabbros and diorites in the Pico das Camarinhas basaltic-hawaiitic cone. The plutonic nodules are inferred to be cumulates, crystallised within the crust from magmas co-genetic with the post-caldera mafic lavas erupted on the flanks of Sete Cidades.

The dunites, wehrlites, pyroxenites and olivine gabbros have assemblages and mineral composition consistent with growth as early, high-temperature cumulates, whereas the pyroxene hornblendites, kaersutite gabbros and diorites represent lower temperature products. However, whereas the kaersutite gabbros were not wholly crystallised at the time of their disruption and contain up to 4% intercumulus trachytic and/or tephriphonolitic glass, the pyroxene hornblendites and the diorites were fully crystallised. Compositions of the intercumulus glasses are similar to those of postcaldera trachytic pumices erupted on Sete Cidades.

Although the two suites of plutonic clasts can be considered as complementary, they probably derive from different intrusions. We envisage a lensoid (laccolithic) intrusion at very shallow depth as the source for the pyroxene hornblendite - kaersutite gabbro -diorite suite whereas the dunite - wehrlite - olivine clinopyroxenite - clinopyroxenite -olivine gabbro nodules probably originate from intrusive bodies at greater depth.

Zusammenfassung

Wir beschreiben Gruppen von grobkörnigen Klasten (‘Plutonic nodules’) in der Scoria von zwei separaten mafischen post-caldera parasitischen Kratern am Sete Cidades Vulkan: Diese umfassen Dunite, Wehrlite, Olivin-Klinopyroxenite und Olivin-Gabbros in dem ankaramitischen Kegel von Eguas. In den basaltisch-hawaiitischen Kegeln von Pico das Camarinhas, kommen Pyroxen-Hornblendite, Kaersutit-Gabbros und Diorite vor. Wir nehmen an, daß die plutonischen nodules Kumulate repräsentieren, die in der Kruste aus Magmen kristallisierten, die mit den post-caldera mafischen Laven, die an den Flanken von Sete Cidades ausgetreten sind kogenetisch sind.

Die Dunite, Wehrlite, Pyroxenite und Olivin-Gabbros führen Paragenesen und Mineral-Zusammensetzungen, die im Einklang mit einer Entwicklung als frühe Hoch Temperatur-Kumulate sind. Hingegen stellen die Pyroxen-Hornblendite, Kaersutit-Gabbros und Diorite niedriger temperierte Produkte dar. Die Kaersutit-Gabbros waren zur Zeit /:ihrer Umlagerung noch nicht ganz auskristallisiert und führen bis zu 4% intercumulus trachytisches oder tephriphonolitisches Glas, die Pyroxenhornblendite und die Diorite sind jedoch ganz kristallisiert. Die Zusammensetzungen der Interkumulusgläser sind denen von post-caldera trachytischen Bimssteinen von Sete Cidades ähnlich.

Obwohl die zwei Gruppen plutonischer Klasten als komplementär betrachtet werden können, stammen sie wahrscheinlich von verschiedenen Intrusionen. Es dürfte sich um eine lensoide (lakkolithische) Intrusion in geringer Tiefe als Quelle für die Pyroxenhomblendit-Kärsutitgabbro-Diorit-Abfolge handeln, während die Gruppe der Dunite, Wehrlite, Olivinklinopyroxenite und Olivingabbro-Nodules wahrscheinlich aus größerer Tiefe stammt.

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Mattiolil, M., Upton, B.G.J. & Renzulli, A. Sub-volcanic crystallization at Sete Cidades volcano, São Miguel, Azores, inferred from mafic and ultramafic plutonic nodules. Mineralogy and Petrology 60, 1–26 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01163132

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