Summary
DifferentiatingZinnia cultures have two bursts of tracheary element (TE) formation which resemble the production of proto- and metaxylem in higher plants. TEs in the first burst have annular, spiral or reticulate secondary wall patterns while those in the second burst have reticulate, scalariform or pitted walls. Continuing wall deposition in TEs results in the transformation of annular or spiral patterns into scalariform or pitted. Indirect immunofluorescent observation of TE microtubules (MTs) during continuing wall deposition indicates an annular/spiral pattern is deposited first followed by the introduction of new arrays of MTs which guide later, in-filling wall deposition.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- TE:
-
Tracheary element
- MTs:
-
Microtubules
References
Bierhorst DW (1960) Observations on tracheary elements. Phytomorphology 10(3): 249–305
,Zamora PM (1965) Primary xylem elements and element associations of angiosperms. Am J Bot 52: 657–710
Brower DL, Hepler PK (1976) Microtubules and secondary wall deposition in xylem: the effects of isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate. Protoplasma 87: 91–111
Esau K (1965) Plant anatomy, Second edition. Wiley, New York
,Charvat I (1978) On vessel member differentiation in the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Ann Bot 42: 665–677
Falconer MM, Seagull RW (1985 a) Immunofluorescent and calcofluor white staining of developing tracheary elements inZinnia elegans L. suspension cultures. Protoplasma 125: 190–198
(1985 b) Xylogenesis in tissue culture: taxol effect on microtubule reorientation and lateral association in differentiating cells. Protoplasma 128: 157–166
(1986) Xylogenesis in tissue culture II: microtubules, cell shape and secondary wall patterns. Protoplasma 133: 140–148
Fukuda H, Komamine A (1980) Establishment of an experimental system for the study of tracheary element differentiation from single cells isolated from the mesophyll ofZinnia elegans. Plant Physiol 65: 57–60
Hepler PK, Newcomb EH (1964) Microtubules and fibrils in the cytoplasm ofColeus cells undergoing secondary wall deposition. J Cell Biol 20: 529–533
,Fosket DE (1971) The role of microtubules in vessel member differentiation inColeus. Protoplasma 72: 213–236
Kohlenbach HW, Schmidt B (1975) Cytodifferenzierung in Form einer direkten Umwandlung isolierter Mesophyllzellen zu Tracheiden. Z Pflanzenphysiol 75: 369–374
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Falconer, M.M., Seagull, R.W. Xylogenesis in tissue culture III: Continuing wall deposition during tracheary element development. Protoplasma 144, 10–16 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01320275
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01320275