Abstract
In a related brewing study detailed characteristics of fermentations displaying effective yeastaminopterin interaction were presented.
Fermentative yeast types (certain Saccharomyces species and Selenotila intestinalis) proved effective aminopterin reactors whereas oxidative yeasts (certain Candida, Cryptococcus, Pichia, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, and Trigonopsis species) proved ineffective reactors. In general effective reactors were polyploids characterized by the lack of film or pellicle formation and ineffective reactors the opposite. In stationary fermentations the Fleischmann 139 strain of S. cerevisiae proved a fair reactor. When aerated it proved an ineffective reactor and aminopterin or products there-of stimulated growth. Conversely aeration enhanced aminopterin activity of effective reactor yeasts.
The positive effect of biotin on aminopterin activity and the negative effect of yeast extract, L-asparagine, adenine and thymine is shown and compared and contrasted with earlier reported studies.
These findings supported by outside data suggest that oxidative yeasts (and bacteria) can readily elicit enzymes capable of inactivating aminopterin whereas fermentative types are lacking in this capability. Finally that past yeast-aminopterin studies were conducted with oxidative yeast types.
Advantages of effective aminopterin reactor yeasts to be published elsewhere include improved ultrastructure using KMnO4−OsO4 fixation, a yeast bioassay procedure for detecting aminopterin in plasma and urine, and cell synchronization.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- apt:
-
aminopterin
References
Atkin, L., Williams, W. L., Schultz, A. S., Frey, C. N.: Yeast microbiological methods for determination of vitamins. Ind. Engng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 16, 67–71 (1944)
Buchanan, R. E., Gibbons, N. E. (eds.): Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, 8th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins 1974
Bulder, C. J. E. A.: On respiratory deficiency in yeast. Diss., Univ. Delft (1963)
Bulder, C. J. E. A.: Induction of petite mutation and inhibition of synthesis of respiratory enzymes in various yeasts. Antonie v. Leeuwenhoek 30, 1–9 (1964)
Davis, J. G.: Chromobacterium iodinum. Zbl. Bakt. II. Abt. 100, 273–276 (1939)
Dewey, V. C., Kidder, G. W., Parks, R. E.: Growth inhibition in Tetrahymena by folic acid analogs. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 78, 91–95 (1951)
Hutchings, B. L., Mowat, J. G., Oleson, J. J., Stokstad, E. L. R., Boothe, J. H., Waller, C. W., Augier, R. B., Semb, J., Subbarow, Y.: Pteroylaspartic acid, an antagonist for pteroylglutamic acid. J. biol. Chem. 170, 323–328 (1947)
Hutchinson, D. J., Burchenal, J. H.: Utilization of pteroylglutamic acid antagonists for growth by a strain of Streptococcus faecalis. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 81, 251–254 (1952)
Kidder, G. W., Dewey, V. C., Parks, R. E.: Growth promotion in Tetrahymena by folic acid analogs. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 78, 88–90 (1951)
Kleyn, J. G.: Aminopterin derangement of yeast folic acid metabolism and theoretical-practical consequences thereof in fermentation and packaging. J. Amer. Soc. Brewing Chemists (in press, 1977)
Lodder, J.: The yeasts (J. Lodder, ed.). Amsterdam: North Holland 1970
McGlohon, V. M., Peterson, B. H., Bird, O. D.: Inhibition of non folic acid requiring organisms by folic acid antagonists: Mechanism of reversal. Canad. J. Microbiol. 3, 569–578 (1957)
Nickerson, W., Manowski, Z.: Role of nutrition in the maintenance of the yeast shape in Candida. Amer. J. Bot. 40, 584–592 (1953)
Nickerson, W., Webb, M.: Effect of folic acid analogues on growth and cell division of nonexacting microorganisms. J. Bact. 71, 129–139 (1956)
Sauberlich, H. E., Baumann, C. A.: A factor required for the growth of Leuconostoc citrovorum. J. biol. Chem. 176, 165–173 (1948)
Slooff, W. Ch.: Genus 12 Trigonopsis Schachner.. In: The yeasts (J. Lodder, ed.), pp. 1353–1357. Amsterdam: North Holland 1970
Suomalainen, H., Oura, E.: Yeast nutrition and solute uptake. In: The yeasts, Vol. 2 (A. H. Rose, H. S. Harrison, eds.), pp. 3–74. London-New York: Academic Press 1971
van der Walt, J. P.: Saccharomyces Meyen Emend. Reess. In: The yeasts (J. Lodder, ed.), pp. 555–718. Amsterdam: North Holland 1970
Van der Walt, J. P., Scott, D. B., Van der Klift, W. C.: Four new related Candida species from South African insect sources. Antonie v. Leeuwenhoek 37, 449–460 (1971)
Webb, M.: The effects of folic acid analogues on the growth and cell division of micro-organisms. In: Ciba Foundation Symposium, Chem. and Biol. Pteridines, pp. 253–269 (1954)
Whitaker, J. M., Umbreit, W. W.: Aminopterin inhibition of yeast growth: Relationship to biotin and aspartate. J. Bact. 81, 730–732 (1961)
Wooley, D. W., Pringle, A.: Formation of 4-amino-5 carboxamido imidazole during growth of Escherichia coli in the presence of 4-aminopteroly-glutamic acid. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 72, 634 (1950)
Yarrow, D.: Selenotila peltata comb. n. Antonie v. Leeuwenhoek 35, 418–420 (1969)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kleyn, J.G. The effect of aminopterin (4-amino folic acid) on growth and cell division of fermentative versus oxidative yeasts. Arch. Microbiol. 113, 293–302 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00492038
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00492038