Skip to main content
Log in

Nutrient addition experiments in Lago Jacaretinga, Central Amazon, Brazil: 2. The effect of humic and fulvic acids

  • Published:
Hydrobiologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Enrichment experiments consisting of additions of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and humic and fulvic acids were carried out using natural phytoplankton assemblages from Lago Jacaretinga, Central Amazon, Brazil. The addition of nutrients resulted in greatly stimulated primary production whereas addition of humic and fulvic acids had no effect. When both nutrients and humic and fulvic acids were added in combination, algal community response was identical to treatments in which only nutrients had been added. The result contrasts with previous phytoplankton culture studies in which the addition of humic material to the culture media increased production. Comparison of absorbance spectra indicated a severe reduction in the quantity and quality of light in Amazonian ‘black waters’ relative to that in ‘white waters’.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson, D. M. & Morel, F. M. M., 1978. Copper sensitivity of Gonyaulax tamarensis. Limnol. Oceanogr. 23: 283–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fittkau, E. J., Irmler, U, Junk, W. J., Reiss, F. & Schmidt, G. W., 1975. Productivity, biomass and population dynamics in Amazonian water bodies. In: Golley, F. B. & Medina, E. (eds.), Tropical Ecological Systems. Springer-Verlag, N.Y.: 289–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janzen, D. H., 1974. Tropical blackwater rivers, animals and mast fruiting by the Diptercarpaceae. Biotropica 6: 69–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Junk, W. J. & Furch, K., 1980. Química de A\'qua e macrófitas aquaticas de rios e igarapes na Bacia Amazonica e nas areas adjacentes. 1: Trencho Cuibá-Porto Velho-Manaus. Acta Amazonica 10: 611–633.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koroleff, F., 1970. Information on techniques and methods for seawater analysis. In Can. Explor. Sea interlab. Rep. 3: 9–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leenheer, J. A., 1980. Origin and nature of humic substances in the waters of the Amazon River basin. Acta Amazonica 10: 513–526.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marlier, G., 1967. Ecological studies on some lakes of the Amazon Valley. Amazoniana 1: 95–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKnight, D., 1981. Chemical and biological processes controlling the response of a freshwater ecosystem to copper stress: A field study of CuSO4 treatment of Mill Pond Reservoir, Burlington, Massachusetts. Limnol. Oceanogr. 26: 518–531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. & Takahashi, M., 1973. Biological oceanographic processes. Pergamon Press, Toronto, 186 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prakash, A., 1971. Terrigenous organic matter and coastal phytoplankton fertility. In: J. D. Costlow Jr. (ed.), Fertility of the Sea, 2. Giordon & Breach, N.Y.: 351–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prakash, A. & Rashid, M. A., 1968. Influence of humic substances on the growth of marine phytoplankton: dinoflagellates. Limnol. Oceanogr. 13: 598–606.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rashid, M. A. & King, L. H., 1970. Major oxygen-containing functional groups present in humic and fulvic acid fractions isolated from contrasting marine environments. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 34: 193–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rai, H. & Hill, G., 1980. Classification of central Amazon lakes on the basis of their microbiological and physio-chemical characteristics. Hydrobiologia 75: 85–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, G. W., 1973. Primary production of phytoplankton in three types of Amazonian waters. 3. Primary Productivity of Phytoplankton in a Tropical Flood-Plain Lake of Central Amazonia, Lago do Castanho, Amaymas, Brasil. Amazoniana 4: 379–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, G. W., 1976. Primary production of phytoplankton in three types of Amazonian waters, 6. On the Primary Productivity of Phytoplankton in a Bay of the Lower Rio Negro (Amaymas, Brazil). Amazoniana 5: 517–528.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sioli, H., 1968. Principal biotypes of primary production in the waters of Amazonia. Proc. Symp. Recent. Adv. Ecol. (Varanasi-5, India): 591–600.

  • Siolo, H., 1975. Amazon tributaries and drainage basins. In: A. D. Hassler (ed.), Coupling of Land and Water Systems. Springer-Verlag, N.Y.: 199–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sioli, H., 1980. Das wasser in Amazonasgebiet. Forsch. Fortschr. 26: 274–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stallard, R. F., 1980. Major element geochemistry of the Amazon River system. Ph. D. Diss., Mass. Inst. Technol., 365 pp.

  • Steeman-Nielsen, E. & Brunn Laursen, H. 1976. The effect of CuSO4 on the photosynthetic rate of plankton in four Danish lakes. Oikos 27: 239–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, F. J. & Butler, J. H. A., 1969. Chemistry of humic acids and related compounds. In: Eglinton, G. & Murphy, M. T. J. (eds.), Organic Geochemistry. Springer-Verlag, N.Y.: 534–557.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strickland, J. D. J. & Parsons, T. R., 1972. A practical handbook of seawater analysis, 2nd ed. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 167.

  • Sunda, W. & Guillard, R. R. L., 1976. The relationship between cupric ion activity and the toxicity of copper to phytoplankton. J. mar. Res. 34: 511–529.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sunda, W. G. & Lewis, J. M., 1978. Effects of complexation by natural organic ligands on the toxicity of copper to a unicellular alga, Monòhrysis lutheri. Limnol. Oceanogr. 23: 870–876.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toledo, A. P. P., Tundisi, J. G. & D'Aquino, V. A., 1980. Humic (sic) acid influence on the growth and copper tolerance of chlorella sp. Hydrobiologia 71: 261–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, A. R., 1895. A narrative of travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro. Orig. publ. 1895 by Ward, Lock & Bowden, Lond. Reprinted 1969 by Greenwood Press, N.Y., 363 pp.

  • Willard, H. H., Merrit, L. L. Jr. & Dean, J. A., 1965. Instrumental methods of analysis. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., N.Y., 784 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wollrab, V. & Streibl, M., 1969. Earth waxes, peate, montan wax and other organic brown coal constituent. In: Eglinton, G. and Murphy, M. T. J. (eds.), Organic Geochemistry. Springer-Verlag, N.Y.: 576–598.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, A. M., in press. Available copper ligands and the apparent bioavailability of copper to natural phytoplankton assemblages. Special volume of Science of the Total Environment. Proc. 21st Hanford Life Sci Symp., Biol. Availability of Trace Metals, Elsevier Publishing Co., Amst., N.Y.

  • Zaret, T. M., Devol, A. H. & Dos Santos, A., 1981. Nutrient addition experiments in Lago Jacaretinga, central Amazon Basin, Brazil. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 21: 721–724.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Devol, A.H., Dos Santos, A., Forsberg, B.R. et al. Nutrient addition experiments in Lago Jacaretinga, Central Amazon, Brazil: 2. The effect of humic and fulvic acids. Hydrobiologia 109, 97–103 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00011569

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00011569

Keywords

Navigation