journal: Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

Impact Factor: 6.6

Published since January 1, 1976

Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

ISSN: 1437-4358

Editor-in-chief: Karl Heinz Hoffmann

Edited by: Efstathios E. Michaelides, J. Miguel Rubi

Founded by: Jürgen U. Keller

Managing Editor: Janett Prehl

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About this journal

The Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics is a media partner of The Joint European Thermodynamics Conference 2023

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Call for Papers – Invitation to contribute to JNET

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Objective
The Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics serves as an international publication organ for new ideas, insights and results on non-equilibrium phenomena in science, engineering and related natural systems. The central aim of the journal is to provide a bridge between science and engineering and to promote scientific exchange on a) newly observed non-equilibrium phenomena, b) analytic or numeric modeling for their interpretation, c) vanguard methods to describe non-equilibrium phenomena.

Contributions should – among others – present novel approaches to analyzing, modeling and optimizing processes of engineering relevance such as transport processes of mass, momentum and energy, separation of fluid phases, reproduction of living cells, or energy conversion. The journal is particularly interested in contributions which add to the basic understanding of non-equilibrium phenomena in science and engineering, with systems of interest ranging from the macro- to the nano-level.

The Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics　has recently expanded its scope to place new emphasis on theoretical and experimental investigations of non-equilibrium phenomena in thermophysical, chemical, biochemical and abstract model systems of engineering relevance. We are therefore pleased to invite submissions which present newly observed non-equilibrium phenomena, analytic or fuzzy models for their interpretation, or new methods for their description.

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Soft matter
Biomolecular fluids
Nano-fluids
Fuzzy systems
Soft computing models

and also

Thermodynamics
Non-equilibrium phenomena
Natural systems
Analytic and numeric modeling
Transport processes of mass, momentum and energy
Separation of fluid phases
Reproduction of living cells
Energy conversion

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Volume 49 Issue 2

April 2024

Publicly Available April 12, 2024

Frontmatter

Page range: i-iii

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April 3, 2024

Editorial

Vito Antonio Cimmelli, Antonio Sellitto

Page range: 113-114

January 26, 2024

Thermodynamic costs of temperature stabilization in logically irreversible computation

Shu-Nan Li, Bing-Yang Cao

Page range: 115-123

Abstract

In recent years, great efforts are devoted to reducing the work cost of the bit operation, but it is still unclear whether these efforts are sufficient for resolving the temperature stabilization problem in computation. By combining information thermodynamics and a generalized constitutive model which can describe Fourier heat conduction as well as non-Fourier heat transport with nonlocal effects, we here unveil two types of the thermodynamic costs in the temperature stabilization problem. Each type imposes an upper bound on the amount of bits operated per unit time per unit volume, which will eventually limit the speed of the bit operation. The first type arises from the first and second laws of thermodynamics, which is independent of the boundary condition and can be circumvented in Fourier heat conduction. The other type is traceable to the third law of thermodynamics, which will vary with the boundary condition and is ineluctable in Fourier heat conduction. These thermodynamic costs show that reducing the work cost of the bit operation is insufficient for resolving the temperature stabilization problem in computation unless the work cost vanishes.

January 26, 2024

Hydrodynamic, electronic and optic analogies with heat transport in extended thermodynamics

Vito Antonio Cimmelli, David Jou, Antonio Sellitto

Page range: 125-133

Abstract

Over the last twenty-five years, the search for generalized equations that allow us to better understand the phenomenon of heat conduction has become an active frontier both in transport theory, and in non-equilibrium thermodynamics, due to the growing interest in nanotechnologies, thermal metamaterials and fast devices. Here we review how some mathematical analogies between generalized heat-transport equations and well-known equations in hydrodynamics, electronics and optics have been helpful to infer new forms of heat transfer arising in extended thermodynamics and to inspire the consideration of new phenomena. We also examine in each case the thermodynamic basis of the respective formulation.

April 8, 2024

Variations on the models of Carnot irreversible thermomechanical engine

Michel Feidt, Monica Costea

Page range: 135-145

Abstract

The JETC Conference held in Salerno (June 12–17, 2023) was the opportunity to honor the two centuries anniversary of the booklet publication of Sadi Carnot. The paper reports on a selective review summarizing the evolution of the ideas and concepts proposed by Carnot. We consider mainly: a. The Carnot cycle relative to thermomechanical engine, b. The concept of efficiency (Carnot efficiency), c. The forms of energy (thermal energy or heat, Q , and mechanical energy or work, W ), d. The concept of entropy, rediscovered and completed by Clausius. We show the importance of the energy conversion irreversibilities that started to be considered more recently by two methods, namely, the ratio method and the entropy production method. The second approach provides more significant results from a global point of view, also with more local modeling (cycle process modeling). Some examples are given that illustrate the proposal: Carnot cycle in endo-irreversible or exo-reversible configuration, Chambadal modeling, Curzon–Ahlborn modeling. More generally, the modeling is done in the frame of FTT (Finite Time Thermodynamics), FST (Finite Speed Thermodynamics), or FDOT (Finite physical Dimensions Optimal Thermodynamics). Preliminary conclusions and perspectives are proposed.

Open Access January 22, 2024

Revisit nonequilibrium thermodynamics based on thermomass theory and its applications in nanosystems

Renjie Hua, Yuan Dong

Page range: 147-160

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Abstract

The development of non-Fourier heat conduction models is encouraged by the invalidity of Fourier’s law to explain heat conduction in ultrafast or ultrasmall systems. The production of negative entropy will result from the combination of traditional nonequlibrium thermodynamics and non-Fourier heat conduction models. To resolve this paradox, extended irreversible thermodynamics (EIT) introduces a new state variable. However, real dynamics variables like force and momentum are still missing from nonequilibrium thermodynamics and EIT’s generalized force and generalized flux. Heat has both mass and energy, according to thermomass theory and Einstein’s mass-energy relation. The generalized heat conduction model containing non-Fourier effects was established by thermomass gas model. The thermomass theory reshapes the concept of the generalized force and flux, temperature, and entropy production in nonequilibrium thermodynamics and revisits the assumption for the linear regression of the fluctuations in Onsager reciprocal relation. The generalized heat conduction model based on thermomass theory has been used to study thermal conductivity, thermoelectric effect, and thermal rectification effect in nanosystems.

March 12, 2024

On the dynamic thermal conductivity and diffusivity observed in heat pulse experiments

Anna Fehér, Róbert Kovács

Page range: 161-170

Abstract

Determining the thermal properties of materials with complex structures is still a major engineering challenge today. The well-known heat pulse experiment can be used to determine the thermal diffusivity by measuring the temperature history as a thermal response for a fast excitation. However, the evaluation of the measurements can be challenging, especially when dealing with non-homogeneous samples. The thermal behavior of such heterogeneous materials may exhibit a response including two-time scales. Therefore, the Fourier equation is not necessarily applicable. The simplest possible alternatives are the 2-temperature models the Guyer–Krumhansl and Jeffreys heat equations. In the present paper, we focus on the interpretation of the Jeffreys heat equation; studying its analytical solution, we present a fitting method for determining the unknown parameters. We also discuss its relation with the other two heat equations, and we offer an interpretation of how to characterize the transient response of heterogeneous materials.

Open Access December 18, 2023

On the influence of the fourth order orientation tensor on the dynamics of the second order one

Christina Papenfuss

Page range: 171-179

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Abstract

The consequences of introducing the fourth order orientation tensor as an independent variable in addition to the second order one are investigated. In the first part consequences of the Second Law of Thermodynamics are exploited. The cases with the second order alignment tensor in the state space on one hand and with the second and fourth order alignment tensors on the other hand are analogous. In the latter case differential equations for the second and fourth order tensors result from linear force-flux relations with a coupling arising due to coupling terms in the free energy. In the second part the differential equations for the second order orientation tensor or the second and fourth order orientation tensors, respectively are given explicitly in the special case of a rotation symmetric orientation distribution. The Folgar-Tucker equation with a quadratic closure relation leads to a Riccati equation for the second order parameter. In comparison the Folgar-Tucker equation and the differential equation for the fourth order parameter are considered. The fourth order parameter is eliminated later. The resulting equation for the second order parameter is a Duffing equation with a behavior of solutions completely different from the solutions of the Riccati equation.

April 8, 2024

Lack-of-fit reduction in non-equilibrium thermodynamics applied to the Kac–Zwanzig model

Kateřina Mladá, Martin Šípka, Michal Pavelka

Page range: 181-194

Abstract

Even when microscopic particle dynamics is purely mechanistic and thus reversible, the behavior of macroscopic systems composed of those particles is irreversible. In other words, effectively irreversible behavior emerges out of purely reversible dynamics when we do not observe all degrees of freedom of the detailed dynamics. But how can we find the irreversible macroscopic evolution equations when we only know the reversible microscopic equations? Using the so-called lack-of-fit reduction, which gives the reduced evolution as a sum of Hamiltonian and gradient dynamics, we reduce the purely Hamiltonian Kac–Zwanzig model to a set of irreversible evolution equations with no fitting parameters.

January 23, 2024

Optimized quantum drift diffusion model for a resonant tunneling diode

Orazio Muscato, Giovanni Nastasi, Vittorio Romano, Giorgia Vitanza

Page range: 195-204

Abstract

The main aim of this work is to optimize a Quantum Drift Diffusion model (QDD) (V. Romano, M. Torrisi, and R. Tracinà, “Approximate solutions to the quantum drift-diffusion model of semiconductors,” J. Math. Phys. , vol. 48, p. 023501, 2007; A. El Ayyadi and A. Jüngel, “Semiconductor simulations using a coupled quantum drift-diffusion schrödinger-Poisson model,” SIAM J. Appl. Math. , vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 554–572, 2005; L. Barletti and C. Cintolesi, “Derivation of isothermal quantum fluid equations with Fermi-Dirac and bose-einstein statistics,” J. Stat. Phys. , vol. 148, pp. 353–386, 2012) by comparing it with the Boltzmann-Wigner Transport Equation (BWTE) (O. Muscato, “Wigner ensemble Monte Carlo simulation without splitting error of a GaAs resonant tunneling diode,” J. Comput. Electron ., vol. 20, pp. 2062–2069, 2021) solved using a signed Monte Carlo method (M. Nedjalkov, H. Kosina, S. Selberherr, C. Ringhofer, and D. K. Ferry, “Unified particle approach to Wigner-Boltzmann transport in small semiconductor devices,” Phys. Rev. B , vol. 70, pp. 115–319, 2004). A situation of high non equilibrium regime is investigated: electron transport in a Resonant Tunneling Diode (RTD) made of GaAs with two potential barriers in GaAlAs. The range of the suitable voltage bias applied to the RTD is analyzed. We find an acceptable agreement between QDD model and BWTE when the applied bias is low or moderate with a threshold of about 0.225 V over a length of 150 nm; it is found out that the use of a field dependent mobility is crucial for getting a good description of the negative differential conductivity in such a range. At higher bias voltages, we expect that QDD model loses accuracy.

March 19, 2024

The wall effect in a plane counterflow channel

Luca Galantucci, Michele Sciacca

Page range: 205-214

Abstract

In this paper, we study the influence of the boundary conditions of the velocity fields in superfluid helium counterflow experiments. To make progress, we perform numerical simulations where we allow a slip velocity of the viscous component at the walls, and observe how this impacts on velocity fields and density profiles of distribution of quantized vortices. We conclude that the presence of a slip velocity at the walls generates a more homogeneous vortex distribution throughout the channel.

December 14, 2023

Buoyancy driven convection with a Cattaneo flux model

Brian Straughan, Vincenzo Tibullo, Francesca Passarella

Page range: 215-220

Abstract

We review models for convective motion which have a flux law of Cattaneo type. This includes thermal convection where the heat flux law is a Cattaneo one. We additionally analyse models where the convective motion is due to a density gradient caused by a concentration of solute. The usual Fick’s law in this case is replaced by a Cattaneo one involving the flux of solute and the concentration gradient. Other effects such as rotation, the presence of a magnetic field, Guyer–Krumhansl terms, or Kelvin–Voigt theories are briefly introduced.

January 22, 2024

Thermodynamics of micro- and nano-scale flow and heat transfer: a mini-review

Yangyu Guo, Moran Wang

Page range: 221-235

Abstract

The modeling and understanding of micro- and nano-scale transport processes have raised increasing attention and extensive investigation during the past decades. In this mini-review, we aim to summarize our recent progress on the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of micro- and nano-scale flow and heat transfer. Special emphasis is put on the entropy generation at the interface, which plays a dominant role at small scale due to the strong non-equilibrium nature of particle-boundary interaction. We also prove the thermodynamic compatibility of both the macroscopic hydrodynamic equation and the non-equilibrium boundary conditions from the perspective of bulk and interfacial entropy generations respectively, as supported by the kinetic theory of microscopic particles. The present review will contribute to a clearer elaboration of thermodynamics at micro/nano-scale and its statistical mechanical demonstration, and thus will promote its further development in the future.

Open Access March 19, 2024

Poroacoustic front propagation under the linearized Eringen–Cattaneo–Christov–Straughan model

Vittorio Zampoli, Pedro M. Jordan

Page range: 237-249

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Abstract

Employing the Laplace transform and its properties, we investigate the evolution of the coupled thermal and fluid-acoustic waveforms that arise in a signaling problem under the Eringen–Cattaneo–Christov–Straughan model of poroacoustic phenomena. Assuming a Heaviside temperature input, we determine the effects of what we term the “Eringen coefficient” by examining the propagation and evolution of the resulting shock and/or acceleration waveforms. Special/limiting cases are also discussed and, in the final section of this Note, possible follow-on studies are suggested.

Ahead of Print / Just Accepted

Ahead of Print / Just Accepted

Volume 49 (2024)

Volume 48 (2023)

Volume 47 (2022)

Volume 46 (2021)

Volume 45 (2020)

Volume 44 (2019)

Volume 43 (2018)

Volume 42 (2017)

Volume 41 (2016)

Volume 40 (2015)

Volume 39 (2014)

Volume 38 (2013)

Volume 37 (2012)

Volume 36 (2011)

Volume 35 (2010)

Volume 34 (2009)

Volume 33 (2008)

Volume 32 (2007)

Volume 31 (2006)

Volume 30 (2005)

Volume 29 (2004)

Volume 28 (2003)

Volume 27 (2002)

Volume 26 (2001)

Volume 25 (2001)

Volume 24 (1999)

Volume 23 (1998)

Volume 22 (1997)

Volume 21 (1996)

Volume 20 (1995)

Volume 19 (1994)

Volume 18 (1993)

Volume 17 (1992)

Volume 16 (1991)

Volume 15 (1990)

Volume 14 (1989)

Volume 13 (1988)

Volume 12 (1987)

Volume 11 (1986)

Volume 10 (1985)

Volume 9 (1984)

Volume 8 (1983)

Volume 7 (1982)

Volume 6 (1981)

Volume 5 (1980)

Volume 4 (1979)

Volume 3 (1978)

Volume 2 (1977)

Volume 1 (1976)

Journal Impact Factor	6.6	2022, Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate, 2023)
5-year Journal Impact Factor	3.7	2022, Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate, 2023)
Journal Citation Indicator	1.14	2022, Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate, 2023)
CiteScore	7.5	2022, Scopus (Elsevier B.V., 2023)
SCImago Journal Rank	0.626	2022, SJR (Scimago Lab, 2023; Data Source: Scopus)
Source Normalized Impact per Paper	1.031	2022, CWTS Journal Indicators (CWTS B.V., 2023; Data Source: Scopus)

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Editorial

Editor-in-Chief
Karl Heinz Hoffmann
TU Chemnitz
Institut für Physik
09107 Chemnitz
eic.jnet@degruyter.com

Editors
E. E. Michaelides; San Antonio, U.S.A.
Miguel Rubi; Barcelona, Spain

Assistant Managing Editors
Janett Prehl; Chemnitz, Germany
ame.jnet@degruyter.com

Editorial Advisory Board

B. Andresen, Copenhagen, Denmark
V. Badescu, Bucharest, Romania
A. Bejan, Durham, U.S.A.
D. Brüggemann, Bayreuth, Germany
R. Buchholz, Erlangen, Germany
V. A. Cimmelli, Potenza
S. Defner, Baltimore
F. Dinkelacker, Hannover, Germany
D. D. Do, Brisbane, Australia
J. Green, Boston, U.S.A.
M. Groll, Stuttgart, Germany
J. Gross, Stuttgart, Germany
D. Jou, Bellaterra, Spain
S. Kabelac, Hannover, Germany
S. Kalliadasis, London, UK
S. Kjelstrup, Trondheim, Norway
V. Klika, Prague, Czech Republic
C. Papenfuss, Berlin, Germany
M. Pavelka, Prague, Czech Republic
L. Restuccia, Messina, Italy
H. Stark, Berlin, Germany
A. Steinchen, Marseille, France
S. Stephan, Kaiserslautern, Germany
U. von Stockar, Lausanne, Switzerland
H. Struchtrup, Victoria, Canada
P. Ván, Budapest, Hungary
M. H. Zaman, Austin, U.S.A.

Honorary Board
B. Ahlborn; Vancouver, Canada
D. Bedeaux; Leiden, The Netherlands
R. Fox; Atlanta, U.S.A.
J.U. Keller; Siegen, Germany
N. Kizilova; Kharkov, Ukraine
W. Kollmann; Davis, U.S.A.
G. Lebon, Liège, Belgium
W. Muschik; Berlin, Germany
S. Sieniutycz; Warsaw, Poland
M. G. Velarde; Madrid, Spain

(Deutsch)

Online ISSN: 1437-4358
Print ISSN: 0340-0204
Type: Journal
Language: English
Publisher: De Gruyter
First published: January 1, 1976
Publication Frequency: 4 Issues per Year
Audience: Mechanical, chemical, and biochemical engineers, physicists, chemists and applied mathematicians, as well as computational scientists