Denudation and weathering rates of carbonate landscapes from meteoric 10Be/9Be ratios

Cite as:

Wittmann, Hella; Bouchez, Julien; Calmels, Damien; Gaillardet, Jerome; Frick, Daniel; Stroncik, Nicole; ASTER Team; von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm (2024): Denudation and weathering rates of carbonate landscapes from meteoric 10Be/9Be ratios. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.3.3.2024.001

Status

I N R E V I E W : Wittmann, Hella; Bouchez, Julien; Calmels, Damien; Gaillardet, Jerome; Frick, Daniel; Stroncik, Nicole; ASTER Team; von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm (2024): Denudation and weathering rates of carbonate landscapes from meteoric 10Be/9Be ratios. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.3.3.2024.001

Abstract

We provide sample information and geochemical data for obtaining erosion, weathering, and denudation rates from a framework based cosmogenic meteoric 10Be versus stable 9Be (10Be/9Be) ratios. We modified this published silicate framework (von Blanckenburg et al., 2012) to carbonate landscapes, and performed thorough ground-truthing and testing of assumptions, as this is the first application of the framework for carbonate lithologies. The most important methodological findings are as follows:

1) We amended a sequential extraction step specific for solubilizing total carbonate-bound Be using acetic acid. As this extraction cannot distinguish between secondary and primary carbonate, we employed carbon stable isotopes to obtain the fraction of Be associated with secondary carbonate. We find that >90% of total carbonate-bound Be is bound to secondary carbonate, meaning that distinguishing between secondary and primary carbonate and employing carbon stable isotopes may not be necessary.

2) Using radiogenic strontium isotope ratios we found that about a third of the 9Be contained in secondary carbonate is derived from the dissolution of silicate phases, likely clastic impurities such as clays. These silicate phases also adsorb meteoric 10Be during weathering. The method is thus applicable to pure limestone as well as mixed carbonate-siliciclastic lithologies.

3) Total 9Be concentrations in bedrock are heterogeneous in the Jura, and are potentially controlled by the amount of silicate impurities contained in limestone. Yet the average 9Beparent in summed carbonate- and silicate-bound fractions (0.07 ug/g) is about 9 times lower than values from existing rock databases. In limestones studies, 9Beparent must be thus determined case-by-case on local bedrock.

4) The analysis of partition coefficients Kd for 10Be and 9Be, respectively, and very similar 10Be/9Be ratios show that dissolved Be has equilibrated between reactive (amorphous and crystalline Fe-oxides) and secondary carbonate phases. Secondary carbonate phases are thus part of the reactive Be pool in limestone settings.

5) As in previous studies in silicate lithologies 10Be and 9Be concentrations show pronounced differences between soil and sediment samples that we attribute to grain size dependence and sorting. The 10Be/9Be ratios however cover a remarkably narrow range for all samples, resulting a in narrow range in denudation rates.

6) The fraction of 9Be released by weathering and partitioned into the secondary reactive or dissolved phase serves as a Be-specific proxy for the degree of weathering.

7) The atmospheric depositional flux of 10Be estimated for the Jura mountains from concentrations of dissolved and particulate 10Be and river gauging is about 80% of estimates from independent global GCM-based distribution maps. The GCM estimates thus provide sufficient accuracy.

From application of these new principles, weathering and erosion in the French Jura Mountains can be described as follows: The proportion of weathering in total denudation W/D is >0.9, due to the high purity of the limestone that almost completely dissolved except for a small silicate mineral fraction that, however, carries 50% of the bedrock’s 9Be. Resulting 10Be/9Be-derived denudation rates are on average 300 t/km2/yr for soils and 580 t/km2/yr for river sediments. The soil-derived values agree well with previous estimates from gauging data despite their entirely different (decadal vs. millennial) integration time scales. That sediment-derived denudation rates exceed those from soil we attribute to a 30-60% contribution from subsurface bedrock weathering. On a global scale, our data provides the first cosmogenic-based denudation rates for the precipitation (MAP) range of 1200 to 1700 mm/yr under a temperate climate and dense vegetation cover. Previous millennial-scale denudation rates from in situ-36Cl in calcite from less vegetated sites do not exceed 250 t/km2/yr in this precipitation range. With 500-600 t/km2/yr our denudation rates peak at MAP of 1200-1300 mm/yr, and then show a trend of decreasing D with increasing MAP.

Authors

Wittmann, Hella;GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
Bouchez, Julien;Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France
Calmels, Damien;Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire GEOPS, CNRS, Orsay, France
Gaillardet, Jerome;Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France
Frick, Daniel;GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
Stroncik, Nicole;GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
ASTER Team;Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Technopôle de l’Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix-en-Provence, France
von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm;GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany;Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Contact

Wittmann, Hella (Senior Scientist) ; GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany;

Contributors

HELGES – Helmholtz-Laboratory for the Geochemistry of the Earth Surface; HELGES – Cosmogenic Nuclides Sample Preparation Lab

Keywords

Meteoric 10Be; meteoric cosmogenic nuclides; 10Be/9Be; carbonate landscapes; weathering; erosion; denudation, chemical element > element of group II (alkaline earth metals) > beryllium

GCMD Science Keywords

More Metadata

datacite: / download xml
- resource (xsi:schemaLocation=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 http://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4.3/metadata.xsd)
  - identifier (identifierType=DOI): 10.5880/GFZ.3.3.2024.001
  - creators
    - creator
      - creatorName (nameType=Personal): Wittmann, Hella
      - givenName: Hella
      - familyName: Wittmann
      - nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0002-1252-7059
      - affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
    - creator
      - creatorName (nameType=Personal): Bouchez, Julien
      - givenName: Julien
      - familyName: Bouchez
      - nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0003-4832-1615
      - affiliation: Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France
    - creator
      - creatorName (nameType=Personal): Calmels, Damien
      - givenName: Damien
      - familyName: Calmels
      - affiliation: Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire GEOPS, CNRS, Orsay, France
    - creator
      - creatorName (nameType=Personal): Gaillardet, Jerome
      - givenName: Jerome
      - familyName: Gaillardet
      - nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0001-7982-1159
      - affiliation: Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France
    - creator
      - creatorName (nameType=Personal): Frick, Daniel
      - givenName: Daniel
      - familyName: Frick
      - nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0002-8530-3064
      - affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
    - creator
      - creatorName (nameType=Personal): Stroncik, Nicole
      - givenName: Nicole
      - familyName: Stroncik
      - nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0003-4647-5928
      - affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
    - creator
      - creatorName: ASTER Team
      - affiliation: Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Technopôle de l’Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix-en-Provence, France
    - creator
      - creatorName (nameType=Personal): von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm
      - givenName: Friedhelm
      - familyName: von Blanckenburg
      - nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0002-2964-717X
      - affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
      - affiliation: Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  - titles
    - title: Denudation and weathering rates of carbonate landscapes from meteoric 10Be/9Be ratios
  - publisher: GFZ Data Services
  - publicationYear: 2024
  - subjects
    - subject: Meteoric 10Be; meteoric cosmogenic nuclides; 10Be/9Be; carbonate landscapes; weathering; erosion; denudation
    - subject (subjectScheme=GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0): chemical element > element of group II (alkaline earth metals) > beryllium
    - subject (subjectScheme=NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords): EARTH SCIENCE > CLIMATE INDICATORS > PALEOCLIMATE INDICATORS > BERYLLIUM-10 ANALYSIS
    - subject (subjectScheme=NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords): EARTH SCIENCE > CLIMATE INDICATORS > PALEOCLIMATE INDICATORS > LAND RECORDS > ISOTOPES
    - subject (subjectScheme=NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords): EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > EROSION
    - subject (subjectScheme=NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords): EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > GEOMORPHOLOGY > KARST LANDFORMS/PROCESSES
    - subject (subjectScheme=NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords): EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY > GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES > ISOTOPE RATIOS
    - subject (subjectScheme=NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords): EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES > KARST PROCESSES > WEATHERING
  - contributors
    - contributor (contributorType=ContactPerson)
      - contributorName (nameType=Personal): Wittmann, Hella
      - givenName: Hella
      - familyName: Wittmann
      - nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0002-1252-7059
      - affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
    - contributor (contributorType=Other)
      - contributorName (nameType=Personal): Bouchez, Julien
      - givenName: Julien
      - familyName: Bouchez
      - nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0003-4832-1615
      - affiliation: Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France
    - contributor (contributorType=Other)
      - contributorName (nameType=Personal): Calmels, Damien
      - givenName: Damien
      - familyName: Calmels
      - affiliation: Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire GEOPS, CNRS, Orsay, France
    - contributor (contributorType=Other)
      - contributorName (nameType=Personal): Gaillardet, Jerome
      - givenName: Jerome
      - familyName: Gaillardet
      - nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0001-7982-1159
      - affiliation: Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France
    - contributor (contributorType=Other)
      - contributorName (nameType=Personal): Frick, Daniel
      - givenName: Daniel
      - familyName: Frick
      - nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0002-8530-3064
      - affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
    - contributor (contributorType=Other)
      - contributorName (nameType=Personal): Stroncik, Nicole
      - givenName: Nicole
      - familyName: Stroncik
      - nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0003-4647-5928
      - affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
    - contributor (contributorType=Other)
      - contributorName: ASTER Team
      - affiliation: Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Technopôle de l’Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix-en-Provence, France
    - contributor (contributorType=Other)
      - contributorName (nameType=Personal): von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm
      - givenName: Friedhelm
      - familyName: von Blanckenburg
      - nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0002-2964-717X
      - affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
      - affiliation: Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
    - contributor (contributorType=HostingInstitution)
      - contributorName: HELGES – Helmholtz-Laboratory for the Geochemistry of the Earth Surface
      - affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
    - contributor (contributorType=HostingInstitution)
      - contributorName: HELGES – Cosmogenic Nuclides Sample Preparation Lab
      - affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
    - contributor (contributorType=ContactPerson)
      - contributorName: Wittmann, Hella
      - affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
    - contributor (contributorType=ContactPerson)
      - contributorName: Wittmann, Hella
      - affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
  - dates
    - date (dateType=Collected): 2017-06
  - resourceType (resourceTypeGeneral=Dataset): Dataset
  - relatedIdentifiers
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsSupplementTo): to be updated
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=Cites): 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.04.015
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=Cites): 10.2475/02.2015.02
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=Cites): 10.1016/j.nimb.2015.06.012
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=Cites): 10.1016/j.jas.2017.09.005
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=Cites): 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.11.077
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=Cites): 10.1016/0016-7037(82)90056-4
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=Cites): 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90142-6
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=Cites): 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.07.022
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=Cites): 10.17815/jlsrf-2-141
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=Cites): 10.1016/j.quageo.2020.101075
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=Cites): 10.1016/0016-7037(95)91550-D
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO002Q
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0000
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO000Y
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO000Z
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0010
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0011
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0012
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0013
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0014
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0015
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0016
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0017
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0018
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0019
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001A
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001B
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001C
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001D
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001E
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001F
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001G
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001H
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001J
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001K
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001L
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001M
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001N
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001P
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001Q
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001R
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001S
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001T
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001U
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001V
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001W
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001X
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001Y
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO001Z
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0020
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0021
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0022
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0023
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0024
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0025
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0026
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0027
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0028
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO0029
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO002A
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO002B
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO002C
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO002D
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO002E
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO002F
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO002G
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO002H
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO002J
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO002K
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO002L
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO002M
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO002N
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO002P
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO002R
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): 10.60510/GFHWO002S
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): GFJUB0070
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): GFJUB0071
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): GFJUB0072
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): GFJUB0073
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): GFJUB0074
    - relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDerivedFrom): GFJUB0075
  - sizes:
  - formats:
  - rightsList
    - rights (rightsURI=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/): CC BY 4.0
  - descriptions
    - description (descriptionType=Abstract)
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
      - br:
  - geoLocations
    - geoLocation
      - geoLocationBox
        westBoundLongitude: 5.638
        eastBoundLongitude: 6.601
        southBoundLatitude: 46.688
        northBoundLatitude: 47.1532
iso19115: / download xml
- MD_Metadata (xsi:schemaLocation=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd/gmd.xsd)
  - fileIdentifier
    - CharacterString: 10.5880/GFZ.3.3.2024.001
  - language
    - LanguageCode (codeList=http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/ codeListValue=eng): eng
  - characterSet
    - MD_CharacterSetCode (codeListValue=utf8 codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/codeList.xml#MD_CharacterSetCode):
  - hierarchyLevel
    - MD_ScopeCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode codeListValue=dataset): dataset
  - hierarchyLevelName
    - CharacterString:
  - contact
    - CI_ResponsibleParty
      - organisationName
        CharacterString: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
      - contactInfo
        CI_Contact
        address
        CI_Address
        electronicMailAddress
        CharacterString: datapub(_at_)gfz-potsdam.de
        onlineResource
        CI_OnlineResource
        linkage
        URL: http://www.gfz-potsdam.de
        name
        CharacterString: Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
        description
        CharacterString: Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
      - role
        CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=pointOfContact): pointOfContact
  - dateStamp
    - Date: 2024-05-15
  - referenceSystemInfo
    - MD_ReferenceSystem
      - referenceSystemIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4326
  - identificationInfo
    - MD_DataIdentification
      - citation
        CI_Citation
        title
        CharacterString: Denudation and weathering rates of carbonate landscapes from meteoric 10Be/9Be ratios
        date
        CI_Date
        date
        Date: 2024-05-15
        dateType
        CI_DateTypeCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode codeListValue=revision): revision
        identifier
        MD_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: doi:10.5880/GFZ.3.3.2024.001
        citedResponsibleParty (xlink:href=http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1252-7059)
        CI_ResponsibleParty
        individualName
        CharacterString: Wittmann, Hella
        organisationName
        CharacterString: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
        role
        CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=author): author
        citedResponsibleParty (xlink:href=http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4832-1615)
        CI_ResponsibleParty
        individualName
        CharacterString: Bouchez, Julien
        organisationName
        CharacterString: Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France
        role
        CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=author): author
        citedResponsibleParty
        CI_ResponsibleParty
        individualName
        CharacterString: Calmels, Damien
        organisationName
        CharacterString: Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire GEOPS, CNRS, Orsay, France
        role
        CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=author): author
        citedResponsibleParty (xlink:href=http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7982-1159)
        CI_ResponsibleParty
        individualName
        CharacterString: Gaillardet, Jerome
        organisationName
        CharacterString: Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France
        role
        CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=author): author
        citedResponsibleParty (xlink:href=http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8530-3064)
        CI_ResponsibleParty
        individualName
        CharacterString: Frick, Daniel
        organisationName
        CharacterString: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
        role
        CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=author): author
        citedResponsibleParty (xlink:href=http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-5928)
        CI_ResponsibleParty
        individualName
        CharacterString: Stroncik, Nicole
        organisationName
        CharacterString: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
        role
        CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=author): author
        citedResponsibleParty
        CI_ResponsibleParty
        individualName
        CharacterString: ASTER Team
        organisationName
        CharacterString: Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Technopôle de l’Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix-en-Provence, France
        role
        CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=author): author
        citedResponsibleParty (xlink:href=http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2964-717X)
        CI_ResponsibleParty
        individualName
        CharacterString: von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm
        organisationName
        CharacterString: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
        role
        CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=author): author
        citedResponsibleParty
        CI_ResponsibleParty
        individualName
        CharacterString: HELGES – Helmholtz-Laboratory for the Geochemistry of the Earth Surface
        organisationName
        CharacterString: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
        role
        CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=originator): originator
        citedResponsibleParty
        CI_ResponsibleParty
        individualName
        CharacterString: HELGES – Cosmogenic Nuclides Sample Preparation Lab
        organisationName
        CharacterString: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
        role
        CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=originator): originator
        citedResponsibleParty
        CI_ResponsibleParty
        organisationName
        CharacterString: GFZ Data Services
        role
        CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=publisher): publisher
      - abstract
        CharacterString: We provide sample information and geochemical data for obtaining erosion, weathering, and denudation rates from a framework based cosmogenic meteoric 10Be versus stable 9Be (10Be/9Be) ratios. We modified this published silicate framework (von Blanckenburg et al., 2012) to carbonate landscapes, and performed thorough ground-truthing and testing of assumptions, as this is the first application of the framework for carbonate lithologies. The most important methodological findings are as follows: 1) We amended a sequential extraction step specific for solubilizing total carbonate-bound Be using acetic acid. As this extraction cannot distinguish between secondary and primary carbonate, we employed carbon stable isotopes to obtain the fraction of Be associated with secondary carbonate. We find that >90% of total carbonate-bound Be is bound to secondary carbonate, meaning that distinguishing between secondary and primary carbonate and employing carbon stable isotopes may not be necessary. 2) Using radiogenic strontium isotope ratios we found that about a third of the 9Be contained in secondary carbonate is derived from the dissolution of silicate phases, likely clastic impurities such as clays. These silicate phases also adsorb meteoric 10Be during weathering. The method is thus applicable to pure limestone as well as mixed carbonate-siliciclastic lithologies. 3) Total 9Be concentrations in bedrock are heterogeneous in the Jura, and are potentially controlled by the amount of silicate impurities contained in limestone. Yet the average 9Beparent in summed carbonate- and silicate-bound fractions (0.07 ug/g) is about 9 times lower than values from existing rock databases. In limestones studies, 9Beparent must be thus determined case-by-case on local bedrock. 4) The analysis of partition coefficients Kd for 10Be and 9Be, respectively, and very similar 10Be/9Be ratios show that dissolved Be has equilibrated between reactive (amorphous and crystalline Fe-oxides) and secondary carbonate phases. Secondary carbonate phases are thus part of the reactive Be pool in limestone settings. 5) As in previous studies in silicate lithologies 10Be and 9Be concentrations show pronounced differences between soil and sediment samples that we attribute to grain size dependence and sorting. The 10Be/9Be ratios however cover a remarkably narrow range for all samples, resulting a in narrow range in denudation rates. 6) The fraction of 9Be released by weathering and partitioned into the secondary reactive or dissolved phase serves as a Be-specific proxy for the degree of weathering. 7) The atmospheric depositional flux of 10Be estimated for the Jura mountains from concentrations of dissolved and particulate 10Be and river gauging is about 80% of estimates from independent global GCM-based distribution maps. The GCM estimates thus provide sufficient accuracy. From application of these new principles, weathering and erosion in the French Jura Mountains can be described as follows: The proportion of weathering in total denudation W/D is >0.9, due to the high purity of the limestone that almost completely dissolved except for a small silicate mineral fraction that, however, carries 50% of the bedrock’s 9Be. Resulting 10Be/9Be-derived denudation rates are on average 300 t/km2/yr for soils and 580 t/km2/yr for river sediments. The soil-derived values agree well with previous estimates from gauging data despite their entirely different (decadal vs. millennial) integration time scales. That sediment-derived denudation rates exceed those from soil we attribute to a 30-60% contribution from subsurface bedrock weathering. On a global scale, our data provides the first cosmogenic-based denudation rates for the precipitation (MAP) range of 1200 to 1700 mm/yr under a temperate climate and dense vegetation cover. Previous millennial-scale denudation rates from in situ-36Cl in calcite from less vegetated sites do not exceed 250 t/km2/yr in this precipitation range. With 500-600 t/km2/yr our denudation rates peak at MAP of 1200-1300 mm/yr, and then show a trend of decreasing D with increasing MAP.
      - pointOfContact
        CI_ResponsibleParty
        individualName
        CharacterString: Wittmann, Hella
        organisationName
        CharacterString: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
        positionName
        CharacterString: Senior Scientist
        contactInfo
        CI_Contact
        address
        CI_Address
        electronicMailAddress
        CharacterString: wittmann(_at_)gfz-potsdam.de
        role
        CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=pointOfContact): pointOfContact
      - descriptiveKeywords
        MD_Keywords
        keyword
        CharacterString: Meteoric 10Be; meteoric cosmogenic nuclides; 10Be/9Be; carbonate landscapes; weathering; erosion; denudation
      - descriptiveKeywords
        MD_Keywords
        keyword
        CharacterString: chemical element > element of group II (alkaline earth metals) > beryllium
        thesaurusName
        CI_Citation
        title
        CharacterString: GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0
        date
        CI_Date
        date (gco:nilReason=missing):
        dateType
        CI_DateTypeCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode codeListValue=publication): publication
      - descriptiveKeywords
        MD_Keywords
        keyword
        CharacterString: EARTH SCIENCE > CLIMATE INDICATORS > PALEOCLIMATE INDICATORS > BERYLLIUM-10 ANALYSIS
        keyword
        CharacterString: EARTH SCIENCE > CLIMATE INDICATORS > PALEOCLIMATE INDICATORS > LAND RECORDS > ISOTOPES
        keyword
        CharacterString: EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > EROSION
        keyword
        CharacterString: EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > GEOMORPHOLOGY > KARST LANDFORMS/PROCESSES
        keyword
        CharacterString: EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY > GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES > ISOTOPE RATIOS
        keyword
        CharacterString: EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES > KARST PROCESSES > WEATHERING
        thesaurusName
        CI_Citation
        title
        CharacterString: NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
        date
        CI_Date
        date (gco:nilReason=missing):
        dateType
        CI_DateTypeCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode codeListValue=publication): publication
      - resourceConstraints (xlink:href=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
        MD_Constraints
        useLimitation
        CharacterString: CC BY 4.0
      - resourceConstraints
        MD_LegalConstraints
        accessConstraints
        MD_RestrictionCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/codeList.xml#MD_RestrictionCode codeListValue=otherRestrictions):
        otherConstraints
        CharacterString: CC BY 4.0
      - resourceConstraints
        MD_SecurityConstraints
        classification
        MD_ClassificationCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/codeList.xml#MD_ClassificationCode codeListValue=unclassified):
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: to be updated
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsSupplementTo): IsSupplementTo
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.04.015
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=Cites): Cites
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.2475/02.2015.02
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=Cites): Cites
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.1016/j.nimb.2015.06.012
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=Cites): Cites
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.1016/j.jas.2017.09.005
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=Cites): Cites
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.11.077
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=Cites): Cites
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.1016/0016-7037(82)90056-4
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=Cites): Cites
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90142-6
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=Cites): Cites
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.07.022
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=Cites): Cites
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.17815/jlsrf-2-141
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=Cites): Cites
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.1016/j.quageo.2020.101075
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=Cites): Cites
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.1016/0016-7037(95)91550-D
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=Cites): Cites
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO002Q
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0000
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO000Y
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO000Z
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0010
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0011
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0012
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0013
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0014
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0015
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0016
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0017
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0018
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0019
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001A
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001B
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001C
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001D
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001E
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001F
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001G
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001H
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001J
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001K
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001L
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001M
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001N
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001P
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001Q
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001R
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001S
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001T
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001U
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001V
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001W
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001X
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001Y
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO001Z
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0020
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0021
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0022
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0023
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0024
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0025
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0026
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0027
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0028
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO0029
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO002A
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO002B
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO002C
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO002D
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO002E
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO002F
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO002G
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO002H
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO002J
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO002K
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO002L
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO002M
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO002N
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO002P
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO002R
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: 10.60510/GFHWO002S
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: GFJUB0070
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: GFJUB0071
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: GFJUB0072
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: GFJUB0073
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: GFJUB0074
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - aggregationInfo
        MD_AggregateInformation
        aggregateDataSetIdentifier
        RS_Identifier
        code
        CharacterString: GFJUB0075
        codeSpace
        CharacterString: DOI
        associationType
        DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDerivedFrom): IsDerivedFrom
      - language
        CharacterString: eng
      - characterSet
        MD_CharacterSetCode (codeListValue=utf8 codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/codeList.xml#MD_CharacterSetCode):
      - topicCategory
        MD_TopicCategoryCode: geoscientificInformation
      - extent
        EX_Extent
        geographicElement
        EX_GeographicBoundingBox
        westBoundLongitude
        Decimal: 5.638
        eastBoundLongitude
        Decimal: 6.601
        southBoundLatitude
        Decimal: 46.688
        northBoundLatitude
        Decimal: 47.1532
        temporalElement
        EX_TemporalExtent
        extent
        TimePeriod (xsi:type=gml:TimePeriodType gml:id=T664485de4c6bd)
        beginPosition: 2017-06
        endPosition (indeterminatePosition=now):
  - distributionInfo
    - MD_Distribution
      - transferOptions
        MD_DigitalTransferOptions
        onLine
        CI_OnlineResource
        linkage
        URL: http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.3.3.2024.001
        protocol
        CharacterString: WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
        name
        CharacterString: Data Access - DOI
        description
        CharacterString: Data Access - DOI
        function
        CI_OnLineFunctionCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeListValue=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode_information): information
  - dataQualityInfo
    - DQ_DataQuality
      - scope
        DQ_Scope
        level
        MD_ScopeCode (codeListValue=dataset codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/codeList.xml#MD_ScopeCode):