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Mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analyses reveal strong genetic differentiation between two types of estuarine tapertail anchovies (Coilia) in Yangtze River Basin, China

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Abstract

The estuarine tapertail anchovy might comprise a “paired species” of Coilia nasus (which has declined sharply) and Coilia brachygnathus (dominant in some lakes). It has previously been debated whether C. nasus and C. brachygnathus constitute two distinct species or anadromous and freshwater-resident ecotypes. Here, we studied the genetic structure of these species by analyzing the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (Cyt b) and polymorphic microsatellite loci in 184 anchovies and discriminated their migratory life history using otolith microchemical analysis. Bayesian analysis and a discriminant principal components analysis showed two distinct genetic clusters that corresponded to C. nasus and C. brachygnathus, and we revealed the presence of hybridization between the two closely related sister species. C. nasus has higher genetic diversity within a population and lower genetic divergence between populations than C. brachygnathus. No significant genetic differentiation was detected between the migratory and freshwater-resident C. brachygnathus or between the migratory and freshwater-resident C. nasus. These phenomena suggest that C. brachygnathus and C. nasus are different species, and a strong but permeable reproductive barrier may exist. Both these species have migratory-resident ecological dimorphism, and C. brachygnathus is predominantly a resident species, whereas C. nasus is predominantly an anadromous species.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Agricultural Finance Special Project (CJDC-2017-22); China Central Governmental Research Institutional Basic Special Research Project from Public Welfare Fund (2017JBFR02, 2018GH14); and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20160204).

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  1. Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China

    Zhongya Xuan & Jian Yang

  2. Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecological Environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China

    Tao Jiang, Hongbo Liu, Xiubao Chen & Jian Yang

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Xuan, Z., Jiang, T., Liu, H. et al. Mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analyses reveal strong genetic differentiation between two types of estuarine tapertail anchovies (Coilia) in Yangtze River Basin, China. Hydrobiologia 848, 1409–1431 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04541-w

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