References
Shorey, H. H.: Animal Communication by Pheromones. New York: Academic Press 1976
Mayer, M. S. McLaughlin, J. R.: Handbook of Insect Pheromones and Sex Attractants. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press 1991
Hölldobler, B., Wilson, E. O.: The Ants. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press 1990
Kannowski, P. B., Johnson, R. L.: Anim. Behav.17, 425 (1969); Hölldobler, B.: J. Insect Physiol.17, 1497 (1971); Hölldobler, B., Haskins, C. P.: Science195, 793 (1977); Buschinger, A., Alloway, T. M.: Z. Tierpsychol.49, 113 (1979); Buschinger, A., in: Pheromones and Defensive Secretions in Social Insects, p. 225 (eds. Noirot, Ch., Howse, P E., Le Masne, G.). Dijon: Univ. of Dijon Press 1975; Hölldobler, B., Bartz, S. H., in: Experimental Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, p. 237 (eds. Hölldobler, B., Lindauer, M.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer 1985
Gris, G., Cherix, D.: Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges.50, 249 (1977); Cherix, D.: Insect. Soc.27, 226 (1980)
Cherix, D., Chautems, D., Fletcher, D. J. C., Fortelius, W., Gris, G., Keller, L., Passera, L., Rosengren, R., Vargo, E. L., Walter, F.: Ethol. Ecol. Evol. Spec. Issue1, 61 (1991)
Brown, C. A., Ahuja, V. K.: J. C. S. Chem. Comm.15, 553 (1973)
Klimetzek, D., Kohler, J., Krohn, S., Francke, W.: Appl. Ent.107, 304 (1989)
Francis, G. W., Veland, K.: J. Chromatogr.219, 379 (1981)
Löfqvist, J., Bergström, G.: J. Chem. Ecol.6, 309 (1980)
Cherix, D.: Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges.56, 57 (1983)
Bergström, G., Löfgvist, J.: J. Insect Physiol.14, 995 (1968); Wilson E. O., Regnier, E E.: Am. Nat.105, 279 (1971); Bergström, G., Löfqvist, J.: J. Insect Physiol.19, 877 (1973)
Francke, W., Bühring, M., Horstmann, K.: Z. Naturforsch.35 c, 829 (1980)
Quilico, A., Piozzi, F., Pavan, M.: Ric. Ist. Lomb. Sci. Lett.91, 271 (1957); Bergström, G., Löfqvist, J.: J. Insect Physiol.16, 2353 (1970)
Regnier, F. E., Wilson, E. O.: ibid.15, 893 (1969)
Regnier, F. E., Wilson, E. O.: ibid.14, 955 (1968)
Ayre, G. L., Blum, M. S.: Physiol. Zool.44, 77 (1971); Bergström, G., Löfqvist, J.: Ent. Scand.3, 225 (1972); Hayashi, N., Komae, H., Hiyama, H.: Z. Naturforsch.28 c, 226 (1973)
Schreuder, G. D., Brand, J. M.: J. Georgia Ent. Soc.7, 188 (1972)
Bradshaw, J. W S., Howse, P E., Baker, R., in: Proc. 7th Int. Congr. Int. Union Study Soc. Insects, p. 45 (1973)
Hayashi, N., Komae, H.: Biochem. Syst. Ecol.8, 293 (1980)
Blum, M. S.: Chemical Defenses of Arthropods. New York: Academic Press 1981
Löfqvist, J.: J. Insect Physiol.22, 1331 (1976)
Schall, C.: Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.25, 1489 (1892)
Keville, R., Kannowski, P. B.: J. Insect Physiol.21, 81 (1975)
Kostelc, J. G., Girard, J. E., Hendry, L. B.: J. Chem. Ecol.6, 1 (1980)
McDowell, P. G., Oloo, G. W.: ibid.10, 835 (1984)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Walter, F., Fletcher, D.J.C., Chautems, D. et al. Identification of the sex pheromone of an ant,Formica lugubris (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Naturwissenschaften 80, 30–34 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01139755
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01139755