Stability and variations of plasma parameters in the L-2M stellarator during excitation of the induction current in the regime of ECR plasma heating

Abstract

Results are presented from experimental studies of variations in the plasma parameters during the excitation of a multiaxis magnetic configuration by the induction current (up to 17 kA) in the basic magnetic configuration of the L-2M stellarator in the regime of ECR heating at a microwave power of ∼200 kW (∼1 MW m⁻³) and an average plasma density of (1–2) × 10¹⁹ m⁻³. The current direction was chosen to reduce the net rotational transform (the so-called “negative“ current). The current was high enough for the rotational transform to change its sign inside the plasma column. Computer simulations of the L-2M magnetic structure showed that the surface with a zero rotational transform is topologically unstable and gives rise to magnetic islands, i.e., to a multiaxis magnetic configuration. Magnetic measurements showed that, at negative currents above 10 kA, intense bursts of MHD oscillations with a clearly defined toroidal mode number n = 0 were observed in the frequency range of several kilohertz. Unfortunately, the experimental data are insufficient to draw the final conclusion on the transverse structure of these oscillations. The radial temperature profiles along the stellarator major radius in the equatorial plane were studied. It is found that the electron temperature decreases by a factor of 1.3 in the plasma core (r/a ≤ 0.6) and that the temperature jump is retained near the boundary. A change in turbulent fluctuations of the plasma density during the excitation of a negative current was studied using wave scattering diagnostics. It is found that the probability density function of the increments of fluctuations in the plasma core differs from a Gaussian distribution. The measured distribution is heavy-tailed and broadens in the presence of the current. It is found that the spectrum of turbulent fluctuations and their Doppler shift near the plasma boundary are nonuniform in the radial direction. This may be attributed to the shear of the poloidal velocity. The experimental results indicate that the formation of regions with a zero rotational transform in the plasma core somewhat intensifies plasma transport.