Summary
A simplex method for determining the constantsS andk o from the equation lnk’=lnk o−S ϕ (was developed and applied to the reversed phase separation of high molar mass polystyrenes using gradients of any curvature. Experimental retention times described using the equation had a standard deviation of 1.1%. The inclusion of a quadratic term in the equation was found to be unwarranted. BothS and lnk o varied linearly with ln molar mass. The logarithm of peak width of an eluting polystyrene peak was found to be a linear function of the mobile phase composition at elution. The slope was equal toS.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
D.W. Armstrong, K.H. Bui, Anal. Chem.54, 706 (1982).
D.W. Armstrong, K.N. Bui, R.E. Boehm, J. Liq. Chromatogr.6, 1 (1983).
J.P. Larman, J.J. DeStefano, A.P. Goldberg, R.W. Stout, L.R. Snyder, M.A. Stadalius, J. Chromatogr.255, 165 (1983).
R.E. Boehm, D.E. Martire, D.W. Armstrong, K.H. Bui, Macromolecules16, 466 (1983).
R.E. Boehm, D.E. Martire, D.W. Armstrong, K.H. Bui, Macromolecules17, 400 (1984).
K.H. Bui, D.W. Armstrong, J. Liq. Chromatogr.7, 29 (1984).
K.H. Bui, D.W. Armstrong, J. Liq. Chromatogr.7, 45 (1984).
K.H. Bui, D.W. Armstrong, R.E. Boehm, J. Chromatogr.288, 15 (1984).
D.W. Armstrong, R.E. Boehm, J. Chromatogr. Sci.22, 378 (1984).
M.A. Quarry, R.L. Grob, L.R. Snyder, Anal. Chem.58, 907 (1986).
G. Glöckner, Chromatographia25, 854 (1988).
G. Glöckner, S. Schmutzler, H. Engelhardt, R. Schultz, Chromatographia25, 983 (1988).
H. Engelhardt, M. Czok, R. Schultz, E. Schweinheim, J. Chromatogr.458, 79 (1988).
C.H. Lochmuller, M.B. McGranaghan, Anal. Chem.61, 2449 (1989).
A. Alhedai, R.E. Boehm, D.E. Martire, Chromatographia29, 313 (1990).
G. Glöckner, H.G. Barth, J. Chromatogr.499, 145 (1990).
R. Schultz, H. Engelhardt, Chromatographia29, 205 (1990).
R.A. Shalliker, P.E. Kavanagh, I.M. Russell, J. Chromatogr.543, 157 (1991).
R.A. Shalliker, P.E. Kavanagh, I.M. Russell, J. Chromatogr.558, 440 (1991).
G. Glöckner, “Gradient HPLC of Copolymers and Chromatographic Crossfractionation”, Springer Verlag, New York/Berlin/Heidelberg, (1991).
D.M. Northrup, D.E. Martire, R.P.W. Scott, Anal. Chem.64, 16 (1992).
R.A. Shalliker, P.E. Kavanagh, I.M. Russell, J. Chromatogr.A664, 221 (1994).
R.A. Shalliker, P.E. Kavanagh, I.M. Russell, Chromatographia39, 663 (1994).
R.A. Shalliker, P.E. Kavanagh, I.M. Russell, ChromatographiaA679, 105 (1994).
R.A. Shalliker, P.E. Kavanagh, I.M. Russell, Chromatographia40, 307 (1995).
W.J. Staal, “Gradient Polymer Elution Chromatography”, Waters Chromatography, The Netherlands, 1996.
G. Glöckner, H. Engelhardt, D. Wolf, R. Schultz, Chromatographia42, 185 (1996).
H.G. Elias in “Fractionation of Polymer—Principles and Practice”, L.H. Tung (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, NY, 1977, p. 345.
P.J. Schoenmakers, H.A.H. Billiet, L. de Galan, J. Chromatogr.185, 179 (1979).
P.J. Schoenmakers, H.A.H. Billiet, L. de Galan, J. Chromatogr.218, 261 (1981).
P. Jandera, J. Churacek, “Gradient Elution in Column Liquid Chromatography, Theory and Practice”, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1985, section 4.7.
J.A. Nelder, R. Mead, Computer Journal,7, 308 (1965).
J.M.G. Cowie, “Polymers: Chemistry and Physics of Modern Materials”, International Textbooks, Aylesbury, UK, 1973.
W.H. Press, B.P. Flannery, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, “Numerical Recipes in C”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1988, page 305.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pang, T.L., Kavanagh, P.E. Capacity factors and peak widths in the gradient elution reversed phase separation of high molar mass polystyrenes. Chromatographia 46, 12–16 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02490924
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02490924