Breast cancer stands as one of the foremost cause of cancer-related deaths globally, characterized by its varied molecular subtypes. Each subtype requires a distinct therapeutic strategy. Although advancements in treatment have enhanced patient outcomes, significant hurdles remain, including treatment toxicity and restricted effectiveness. Here, we explore the anticancer potential of novel 1,4-naphthoquinone/4-quinolone hybrids on breast cancer cell lines. The synthesized compounds demonstrated selective cytotoxicity against Luminal and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, which represent the two main molecular types of breast cancer that depend most on cytotoxic chemotherapy, with potency comparable to doxorubicin, a standard chemotherapeutic widely used in breast cancer treatment. Notably, these derivatives exhibited superior selectivity indices (SI) when compared to doxorubicin, indicating lower toxicity towards non-tumor MCF10A cells. Compounds 11a and 11b displayed an improvement in IC₅₀ values when compared to their precursor, 1,4-naphthoquinone, for both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 and a comparable value to doxorubicin for MCF-7 cells. Also, their SI values were superior to those seen for the two reference compounds for both cell lines tested. Mechanistic studies revealed the ability of the compounds to induce apoptosis and inhibit clonogenic potential. Additionally, the irreversibility of their effects on cell viability underscores their promising therapeutic utility. In 3D-cell culture models, the compounds induced morphological changes indicative of reduced viability, supporting their efficacy in a more physiologically relevant model of study. The pharmacokinetics of the synthesized compounds were predicted using the SwissADME webserver, indicating that these compounds exhibit favorable drug-likeness properties and potential as antitumor agents. Overall, our findings underscore the promise of these hybrid compounds as potential candidates for breast cancer chemotherapy, emphasizing their selectivity and efficacy. Full article

An assembly sequence evaluation is one of the most important research directions of assembly sequence planning (ASP) for complex mechanical transmission products. Currently, aviation reducers lack a multi-perspective and multi-level evaluation of their assembly sequence. The existing evaluation indicators vary. The evaluation methods have low effectiveness and poor practicability. Therefore, a comprehensive multidimensional evaluation method for complex assembly sequences is proposed in this paper. A multidimensional comprehensive evaluation of the overall assembly quality and performance indices of aviation reducer products is realized. Firstly, the main factors affecting assembly sequence planning are considered: the attributes of the basic unit parts and the cost control of the assembly process. An evaluation index system of assembly sequence planning based on the two dimensions of assembly cost and ontology is constructed. Then, according to the multidimensional evaluation index, fuzzy evaluation theory is used to establish a fuzzy set and a matrix for each dimensional evaluation index. The index weight is divided. A comprehensive evaluation model and the function of each dimension are established. After a comprehensive evaluation, the multidimensional assembly sequence evaluation method for aviation reducers is formed. Finally, the method is applied to the assembly process of the primary reducer of a helicopter’s main reducer, and a comprehensive evaluation of its assembly sequence scheme is completed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. This article constructs a complex assembly sequence evaluation method that includes 12 evaluation indicators, improves the assembly sequence planning evaluation index system of aviation reducers, and can effectively promote the progress of optimization technology for complex assembly sequences of aviation reducers. Full article

This paper proposes a new type of gangue filling body (GFB) to address the issues of the low stability, strength, poor shrinkage performance, and inadequate seepage resistance of paste filling materials in overburdened mining conditions, as well as the challenge of fully utilizing solid waste gangue. The coal gangue (CG), U-expanding agent (UEA), and amount of water added were kept constant, and the mass ratio of the various components was adjusted to the design. The standard for filling was assessed using slump tests, uniaxial compression tests, shrinkage tests, and penetration tests. A further microscopic analysis of the pastes with an optimal filling performance was conducted using SEM. The support pressure and overburden migration patterns in the GFBs were evaluated using Flac3D. The results indicate that the GFB with ratio 4 performed best, highlighting the significant role of Portland cement (OPC). The GFB with ratio 3 demonstrated the second-best performance, suggesting that GFBs with a higher early strength should be chosen to fill hollow zones for an effective filling outcome. This study introduced a new type of paste filling material and confirmed the rock transport law of this material under overburdened conditions using Flac3D, offering significant insights for the engineering field. Full article

The bias of the maximum likelihood estimator can cause a considerable estimation error if the sample size is small. To reduce the bias of the maximum likelihood estimator under the small sample situation, the maximum likelihood and parametric bootstrap bias-correction methods are proposed in this study to obtain more reliable maximum likelihood estimators of the unit exponential distribution parameters. The procedure to implement the bias-corrected maximum likelihood estimation method is derived analytically, and the steps to obtain the bias-corrected bootstrap estimators are presented. The simulation results show that the proposed maximum likelihood bootstrap bias-correction method can significantly reduce the bias and mean squared error of the maximum likelihood estimators for most of the parameter combinations in the simulation study. A soil moisture data set and a numerical example are used for illustration. Full article

Lattice structures have emerged as promising materials for aerospace structure applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratios, customizable properties, and efficient use of materials. These properties make them attractive for use in anti-ice systems, where lightweight and heat exchange are essential. This paper presents an extensive experimental investigation into mechanical compression properties of lattice trusses fabricated from AlSi10Mg powder alloy, a material commonly used in casted aerospace parts. The truss structures were manufactured using the additive manufacturing selective laser melting technique and were subjected to uniaxial compressive loading to assess their performance. The results demonstrate that AlSi10Mg lattice trusses exhibit remarkable compressive strength with strong correlations depending upon both topology and cells’ parameters setup. The findings described highlight the potential of AlSi10Mg alloy as a promising material for custom truss fabrication, offering customizable cost-effective and lightweight solutions for the aerospace market. This study also emphasizes the role of additive manufacturing in producing complex structures with pointwise-tailored mechanical properties. Full article

The objective of this study was to develop candelilla wax oleogels with hemp seed oil and olive oil and use them as a fat source in the development of new plant-based ice cream assortments. Oleogels were structured with 3 and 9% candelilla wax and characterized by oil-binding capacity, peroxide value and color parameters. The oil-binding capacities of 9% wax oleogels were significantly higher than those of 3% wax oleogels, while peroxide values of oleogels decrease with increasing wax dosage. All oleogel samples are yellow-green due to the pigments present in the oils and candelilla wax. Physicochemical (pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, fat, protein) and rheological (viscosity and viscoelastic modulus) parameters of plant-based ice cream mixes with oleogels were determined. Also, sensory attributes and texture parameters were investigated. The results showed that titratable acidity and fat content of plant-based ice cream samples increased with increasing wax percentage, while pH, soluble solids and protein values are more influenced by the type of plant milk used. The plant-based ice cream sample with spelt milk, hemp oil and 9% candelilla wax received the highest overall acceptability score. The hardness of the plant-based ice cream samples increased as the percentage of candelilla wax added increased. Full article

LPA₃ receptors were expressed in TREx HEK 293 cells, and their signaling and phosphorylation were studied. The agonist, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), increased intracellular calcium and ERK phosphorylation through pertussis toxin-insensitive processes. Phorbol myristate acetate, but not LPA, desensitizes LPA₃-mediated calcium signaling, the agonists, and the phorbol ester-induced LPA₃ internalization. Pitstop 2 (clathrin heavy chain inhibitor) markedly reduced LPA-induced receptor internalization; in contrast, phorbol ester-induced internalization was only delayed. LPA induced rapid β-arrestin–LPA₃ receptor association. The agonist and the phorbol ester-induced marked LPA₃ receptor phosphorylation, and phosphorylation sites were detected using mass spectrometry. Phosphorylated residues were detected in the intracellular loop 3 (S221, T224, S225, and S229) and in the carboxyl terminus (S321, S325, S331, T333, S335, Y337, and S343). Interestingly, phosphorylation sites are within sequences predicted to constitute β-arrestin binding sites. These data provide insight into LPA₃ receptor signaling and regulation. Full article

Thermal storage cement-based materials, formed by integrating phase change materials into cementitious materials, exhibit significant potential as energy storage materials. However, poor thermal conductivity severely limits the development and application of these materials. In this study, an amorphous SiO₂ shell is encapsulated on a graphite surface to create a novel thermally modified admixture (C@SiO₂). This material exhibits excellent thermal conductivity, and the surface-encapsulated amorphous SiO₂ enhances its bond with cement. Further, C@SiO₂ was added to the thermal storage cement-based materials at different volume ratios. The effects of C@SiO₂ were evaluated by measuring the fluidity, thermal conductivity, phase change properties, temperature change, and compressive strength of various thermal storage cement-based materials. The results indicate that the newly designed thermal storage cement-based material with 10 vol% C@SiO₂ increases the thermal conductivity coefficient by 63.6% and the latent heat of phase transition by 11.2% compared to common thermal storage cement-based materials. Moreover, C@SiO₂ does not significantly impact the fluidity and compressive strength of the thermal storage cement-based material. This study suggests that C@SiO₂ is a promising additive for enhancing thermal conductivity in thermal storage cement-based materials. The newly designed thermal storage cement-based material with 10 vol% C@SiO₂ is a promising candidate for energy storage applications. Full article

Targeted cancer therapy aims to disrupt the functions of proteins that regulate cancer progression, mainly by using small molecule inhibitors (SMIs). SMIs exert their effect by modulating signalling pathways, organelle integrity, chromatin components, and several biosynthetic processes essential for cell division and survival. Antiapoptotic protein BCL2 is highly upregulated in many cancers compared with normal cells, making it an ideal target for cancer therapy. Around 75% of primary breast cancers overexpress BCL2, providing an opportunity to explore BCL2 inhibitors as a therapeutic option. Disarib is an SMI that has been developed as a selective BCL2 inhibitor. Disarib works by disrupting BCL2-BAK interaction and activating intrinsic apoptotic pathways in leukemic cells while sparing normal cells. We investigated the effects of Disarib, a BCL2 specific inhibitor, on breast cancer cells and xenografts. Cytotoxicity and fluorometric assays revealed that Disarib induced cell death by increasing reactive oxygen species and activating intrinsic apoptotic pathways in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468). Disarib also affected the colony-forming properties of these cells. MDA-MB-231- and MDA-MB-468-derived xenografts showed a significant reduction in tumours upon Disarib treatment. Through the transcriptomics approach, we also explored the influence of BCL2 inhibitors on energy metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mitochondrial dynamics and glucose metabolism mainly regulate energy metabolism. The change in energetics regulates tumour growth through epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis revealed that BCL2 inhibitors ABT-199 and Disarib maintain Oxphos levels in MDA-MB-231. However, key glycolytic genes were significantly downregulated. Mitochondrial fission genes were seen to be downregulated both in RNAseq data and semi quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) in Disarib-treated TNBC cells and xenografts. Lastly, Disarib inhibited wound healing and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This study showed that Disarib disrupts mitochondrial function, activates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in breast cancer, and inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition both in vitro and in vivo. These findings highlight Disarib’s potential as a multifaceted therapeutic strategy for patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Full article

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, despite improvements in diagnostics and management. Persistent infections pose a major challenge to clinicians and have been consistently shown to increase the risk of mortality and other infectious complications. S. aureus, while typically not considered an intracellular pathogen, has been proven to utilize an intracellular niche, through several phenotypes including small colony variants, as a means for survival that has been linked to chronic, persistent, and recurrent infections. This intracellular persistence allows for protection from the host immune system and leads to reduced antibiotic efficacy through a variety of mechanisms. These include antimicrobial resistance, tolerance, and/or persistence in S. aureus that contribute to persistent bacteremia. This review will discuss the challenges associated with treating these complicated infections and the various methods that S. aureus uses to persist within the intracellular space. Full article

During systole, longitudinal shortening of the left ventricle (LV) displaces the aortic root toward the apex of the heart and stretches the ascending aorta (AA). An in silico study (Living Left Heart Human Model, Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corporation) demonstrated that stiffening of the AA affects myocardial stress and LV strain patterns. With AA stiffening, myofiber stress increased overall in the LV, with particularly high-stress areas at the septum. The most pronounced reduction in strain was noted along the septal longitudinal region. The pressure–volume loops showed that AA stiffening caused a deterioration in LV function, with increased end-systolic volume, reduced systolic LV pressure, decreased stroke volume and effective stroke work, but elevated end-diastolic pressure. An increase in myofiber contractility indicated that stroke volume and effective stroke work could be recovered, with an increase in LV end-systolic pressure and a decrease in end-diastolic pressure. Longitudinal and radial strains remained reduced, but circumferential strains increased over baseline, compensating for lost longitudinal LV function. Myofiber stress increased overall, with the most dramatic increase in the septal region and the LV apex. We demonstrate a direct mechanical pathophysiologic link between stiff AA and reduced longitudinal left ventricular strain which are common in patients with HFpEF. Full article

Saikosaponin D (SSD), derived from Bupleurum falcatum L., has various pharmacological properties, including immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects. Several studies have investigated the anti-tumor effects of SSD on cancer in multiple organs. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the suppressive effects of SSD on CRC cell survival and metastasis. SSD reduced the survival and colony formation ability of CRC cells. SSD-induced autophagy and apoptosis in CRC cells were measured using flow cytometry. SSD treatment increased LC3B and p62 autophagic factor levels in CRC cells. Moreover, SSD-induced apoptosis occurred through the cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP, along with the downregulation of the Bcl-2 family. In the in vivo experiment, a reduction in the number of metastatic tumor nodules in the lungs was observed after the oral administration of SSD. Based on these results, SSD inhibits the metastasis of CRC cells to the lungs by inducing autophagy and apoptosis. In conclusion, SSD suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells, suggesting its potential as a novel substance for the metastatic CRC treatment. Full article

Despite increased attention being given to Indigenous rights, decolonization, and reconciliation in a broader business setting, the engagement of business, marketing, and consumer studies with Indigenous cultures and peoples is negligible. Although Indigenous and First Nations peoples have a significant position in the social sciences, there is no specific body of marketing or consumer knowledge that is dedicated to Indigenous knowledge and practices, even though there is a growing interest in more inclusive and transformative marketing. This paper reports on current research on Indigenous worldviews and marketing, with a continuum of Indigenous research being presented which is particularly informed by Māori experiences in Aotearoa New Zealand. Several appropriate research methods for advancing Indigenous knowledge are presented. The paper concludes by noting the potential contributions that Indigenous knowledge may provide and some of the challenges faced. Full article

Seat pressure measurements in wheelchair users have been available for some time; however, repeated measurements from a commercially available pressure mat over 90 min did not differ in the pressure-loaded measurement area or the coordinates of the center of pressure, even in participants who were able to reposition themselves in the wheelchair. The question therefore arises: to what extent are there other parameters that reflect the activity of wheelchair users with the pressure mat? To investigate this, a commercial pressure mat (BodiTrak^®) was used to perform the measurements of pressure of 33 adult wheelchair-dependent people with spinal cord injury after 30 and 90 min sitting on the cushion. In addition to the standard output of the pressure mat, graph-based surface analyses (calculation of the area of maximum pressure, calculation of the pressure-loaded measurement area, and pressure–area ratio) was performed retrospectively using Python 3.7. The analysis of the measurements after 30 and 90 min was performed by distinguishing the participants between those who could actively change their position (N = 24) and those who could not (N = 9). The parameters of the pressure mat and the graph-based analyses remained unchanged for active participants. In participants who were unable to actively change their position, the area of maximum pressure and the pressure–area ratio (ratio of maximum pressure area and total pressure-loaded area) increased. Significant differences between minutes 30 and 90 are only found for the pressure–area ratio. Thus, when measuring the seat pressure of wheelchair users, the pressure–area ratio should be taken into account as it reflects the daily relief activities of wheelchair users. Full article

This research focuses on the development and simulation analysis of heat-dissipating fins made of copper, integrated into photovoltaic panels, with the aim of mitigating temperature increases during operation. This initiative arises from evidence that solar panels experience a reduction in energy efficiency when operating at temperatures higher than standard test conditions. The photovoltaic panel was simulated both without fins and with fins under standard test conditions and extreme conditions. The simulation consists of the following steps: design, meshing, selection of physical models and materials, assignment of boundary conditions, validation of the simulation, and interpretation of the results. During validation, results obtained via simulation were compared experimentally, yielding a mean absolute percentage error of 0.28%. It was concluded that the fins with the greatest heat dissipation relative to their area are those of 40 mm height; with this height, the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is reduced by 2.64 K, which represents an efficiency increase of 1.32%. Furthermore, it was concluded from the analyzed data that the efficiency of the fins increases at high temperatures. Full article

This paper identifies and classifies the essential constraints that must be addressed to allow U-space traffic autonomous guidance. Based on an extensive analysis of the state of the art in robotic guidance, physics of flight, flight safety, communication and navigation, uncrewed aircraft missions, artificial intelligence (AI), social expectations in Europe on drones, etc., we analyzed the existing constraints and the information needs that are of essential importance to address the identified constraints. We compared the identified information needs with the last edition of the U-space Concept of Operations and identified critical gaps between the needs and proposed services. A high-level methodology to identify, measure, and close the gaps is proposed. Full article

High technical and financial risks are involved in exploring and exploiting new fields; hence, greater focus has placed on the development of environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) options for existing fields. For reservoirs producing high-density crudes and those with high interfacial tensions, water flooding is usually less effective due to density differences—hence the advent of polymer and surfactant flooding. For cost-effective and eco-friendly EOR solutions, a biopolymer and a surfactant synthesized from Jatropha seeds are used in this study to determine their effectiveness in increasing the oil recovery during core flooding analysis. The experiment involved an initial water flooding that served as the base cases of three weight percentages of polymers and polymeric surfactant solutions. The results for the polymer flooding of 1 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2 wt% showed an incremental oil recovery in comparison to water flooding of 16.8%, 17%, and 26%, while the polymeric surfactant mixtures of 5 wt% of surfactant and 1 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2 wt% of a polymer recorded 16.5%, 22.3%, and 28.8%, and 10 wt% of surfactant and 1 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2 wt% of a polymer recorded incremental oil recoveries of 20%, 32.9%, and 38.8%, respectively. Full article

Gap injuries to the peripheral nervous system result in pain and loss of function, without any particularly effective therapeutic options. Within this context, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have emerged as a potential therapeutic option. Thus, the focus of this study was to review currently available data on MSC-derived exosome-mounted scaffolds in peripheral nerve regeneration in order to identify the most promising scaffolds and exosome sources currently in the field of peripheral nerve regeneration. We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Exosome origins varied (adipose-derived MSCs, bone marrow MSCs, gingival MSC, induced pluripotent stem cells and a purified exosome product) similarly to the materials (Matrigel, alginate and silicone, acellular nerve graft [ANG], chitosan, chitin, hydrogel and fibrin glue). The compound muscle action potential (CMAP), sciatic functional index (SFI), gastrocnemius wet weight and histological analyses were used as main outcome measures. Overall, exosome-mounted scaffolds showed better regeneration than scaffolds alone. Functionally, both exosome-enriched chitin and ANG showed a significant improvement over time in the sciatica functional index, CMAP and wet weight. The best histological outcomes were found in the exosome-enriched ANG scaffold with a high increase in the axonal diameter and muscle cross-section area. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of exosome-mounted scaffolds in peripheral nerve regeneration. Full article

A central role for neuroinflammation in epileptogenesis has recently been suggested by several investigations. This systematic review explores the role of inflammatory mediators in epileptogenesis, its association with seizure severity, and its correlation with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). The study analysed articles published in JCR journals from 2019 to 2024. The search strategy comprised the MESH, free terms of “Neuroinflammation”, and selective searches for the following single biomarkers that had previously been selected from the relevant literature: “High mobility group box 1/HMGB1”, “Toll-Like-Receptor 4/TLR-4”, “Interleukin-1/IL-1”, “Interleukin-6/IL-6”, “Transforming growth factor beta/TGF-β”, and “Tumour necrosis factor-alpha/TNF-α”. These queries were all combined with the MESH terms “Epileptogenesis” and “Epilepsy”. We found 243 articles related to epileptogenesis and neuroinflammation, with 356 articles from selective searches by biomarker type. After eliminating duplicates, 324 articles were evaluated, with 272 excluded and 55 evaluated by the authors. A total of 21 articles were included in the qualitative evaluation, including 18 case–control studies, 2 case series, and 1 prospective study. As conclusion, this systematic review provides acceptable support for five biomarkers, including TNF-α and some of its soluble receptors (sTNFr2), HMGB1, TLR-4, CCL2 and IL-33. ertain receptors, cytokines, and chemokines are examples of neuroinflammation-related biomarkers that may be crucial for the early diagnosis of refractory epilepsy or may be connected to the control of epileptic seizures. Their value will be better defined by future studies. Full article

Background: The efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy (EUS-LB) compared to percutaneous liver biopsy (PC-LB) remains uncertain. Methods: Our data consist of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing EUS-LB to PC-LB, found through a literature search via PubMed/Medline and Embase. The primary outcome was sample adequacy, whereas secondary outcomes were longest and total lengths of tissue specimens, diagnostic accuracy, and number of complete portal tracts (CPTs). Results: Sample adequacy did not significantly differ between EUS-LB and PC-LB (risk ratio [RR] 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–2.38; p = 0.65), with very low evidence quality and inadequate sample size as per trial sequential analysis (TSA). The two techniques were equivalent with respect to diagnostic accuracy (RR: 1; CI: 0.95–1.05; p = 0.88), mean number of complete portal tracts (mean difference: 2.29, −4.08 to 8.66; p = 0.48), and total specimen length (mean difference: −0.51, −20.92 to 19.9; p = 0.96). The mean maximum specimen length was significantly longer in the PC-LB group (mean difference: −3.11, −5.51 to −0.71; p = 0.01), and TSA showed that the required information size was reached. Conclusion: EUS-LB and PC-LB are comparable in terms of diagnostic performance although PC-LB provides longer non-fragmented specimens. Full article

Fish growth is a fundamental biological process driven by a multitude of intrinsic (within-individual) and extrinsic (environmental) factors that underpin individual fitness and population dynamics. Interannual variability in river hydrology regarding the intensity and duration of floods and droughts can induce interannual variations in the biotic and abiotic variables that regulate fish growth. However, the understanding of how interannual variability in river hydrology affects fish growth remains limited for most species and ecosystems. We evaluated how inter-annual hydrological variations within the Amazon River basin influence the growth of the catfish Pseudoplaystoma fasciatum. Our research questions were as follows: Do floods lead to the faster growth of P. fasciatum and droughts lead to the slower growth? And do floods and droughts affect all age classes in the same manner? We sampled 364 specimens of P. fasciatum from five sites in the Amazon basin, estimated their growth rates, and related the growth rates to indices of the intensity of floods and droughts. We fitted linear mixed-effects models to test the relationship between growth increments and hydrological indices (with F and D quantifying the intensities of floods and droughts, respectively), age as fixed effects, and basins and Fish ID as random effects. We found an inverse relationship between the increment width in the fish hard parts and hydrological indices. That is, intense floods and droughts negatively affected the growth rates. We also found that the growth of P. fasciatum was no different in years with intense and mild floods across age classes 1–5, although was different for age class 6. However, the growth of P. fasciatum was faster in years of mild droughts for all age classes. Our results showing that the growth of P. fasciatum was slower in years of intense droughts are supported by those of previous studies in the Amazon basin and elsewhere. However, our results showing for the first time that the growth of P. fasciatum is slower in years of intense flooding is the opposite of patterns found in other studies. These results thus suggest that the growth of P. fasciatum is maximized within an optimum range of hydrological conditions, where neither floods nor droughts are intense. Full article

The use of distributed energy systems (DES) can utilize local resources to achieve flexible and efficient energy production and supply. However, this aspect of pollutant emission reduction has not been sufficiently investigated in current related studies. On this basis, this study establishes a DES system that integrates a ground-source heat pump, a gas turbine, a photovoltaic device and an energy storage device. An Improved Zebra Optimization Algorithm (IZOA) is proposed for optimizing the capacity of DES devices and the energy supply ratio of the ground-source heat pump. Using the economic cost saving rate (ECSR), pollutant emission reduction rate (PERR) and energy saving rate (ESR) as the optimization objectives, the study builds a DES configuration optimization model. By analyzing the arithmetic example of a large hotel building, the study verifies the effectiveness of the IZOA algorithm in solving the DES configuration optimization problem. This study provides useful research ideas in promoting the development of distributed energy systems, environmental protection and energy conservation. Full article