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Cryptotephra from Lipari Volcano in the eastern Gulf of Taranto (Italy) as a time marker for paleoclimatic studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 April 2018

Valerie Menke ,
Steffen Kutterolf ,
Carina Sievers ,
Julie Christin Schindlbeck  and
Gerhard Schmiedl
Valerie Menke*
Affiliation:
Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Institute of Geology, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Steffen Kutterolf
Affiliation:
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
Carina Sievers
Affiliation:
Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Institute of Geology, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Julie Christin Schindlbeck
Affiliation:
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany Institute of Geoscience, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Gerhard Schmiedl
Affiliation:
Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Institute of Geology, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
*
*Corresponding author at: Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Institute of Geology, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany. E-mail address: valerie.menke@uni-hamburg.de (V. Menke).
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Abstract

We present the first tephroanalysis based on geochemical fingerprinting of volcanic glass shards from eastern Apulian shelf sediments in the Gulf of Taranto (Italy). High sedimentation rates in the gulf are ideal for high-resolution paleoclimate studies, which rely on accurate age models. Cryptotephrostratigraphy is a novel tool for the age assessment of marine sediment cores in the absence of discrete tephra layers. High-resolution quantitative analysis of glass shard abundance in the uppermost 45 cm of a gravity core identified two cryptotephras. Microprobe analysis of glass shards supported by an accelerator mass spectrometry 14C–based age model identified the pronounced primary cryptotephra at 36 cm bsf (below sea floor) as the felsic AD 776 Monte Pilato Eruption on the island of Lipari, whereas the thinner, mafic tephra layer at 1.5 cm bsf is associated with the AD 1944 eruption of Somma-Vesuvius. Identifying these tephra layers provides an additional, 14C-independent, stratigraphic framework for further paleoclimatic studies allowing us to link Mediterranean climate and hydrology to orbital variation and large-scale atmospheric processes. Our results underline the importance of qualitative tephrostratigraphy in a highly geodynamic region, where solely quantitative approaches have demonstrated to bear a high potential for false correlations between tephra layers and eruptions.

Keywords

Central Mediterranean SeaShelf sedimentsLate HoloceneMarine tephrochronologyItalian volcanism
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 89 , Issue 2 , March 2018 , pp. 520 - 532
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2018 

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