The long-term use of fertilizers and pesticides in conventional cultivation has resulted in a decrease in soil productivity and vegetable yields in greenhouses. However, there is little research exploring the changes in soil organic carbon and the microbial community mediated by soil aggregates, or their impacts on soil productivity. This study investigated the properties of soil aggregates, including the levels of organic carbon fractions, microbial community, and enzyme activity with the three aggregate classes: microaggregates (<0.25 mm), small macroaggregates (2–0.25 mm) and large macroaggregates (>2 mm) under conventional cultivation (CC), integrated cultivation (IC), and organic cultivation (OC) in greenhouses. The results showed that (1) OC and IC promoted the formation of small macroaggregates and enhanced aggregate stability compared to CC; (2) SOC in the three size fractions of OC increased by 92.06–98.99% compared to CC; EOC increased by 98.47–117.59%; POC increased by 138.59–208.70%; MBC increased by 104.71–230.61%; and DOC increased by 21.93–40.90%, respectively; (3) organic cultivation significantly increased enzyme activity in all three particle-size aggregates and increased the relative abundance of bacteria in microaggregates as well as the relative abundance of fungi in small macroaggregates. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis revealed that organic farming practices fostered the development of smaller macroaggregates, elevated microbial and enzyme activities within soil aggregates, and facilitated the conversion of soil nutrients and carbon sequestration. Therefore, long-term organic cultivation increases soil carbon content and vegetable yield in greenhouses by increasing the proportion of small aggregates. In conclusion, long-term organic cultivation in greenhouses improves soil structure, increase soil fertility and vegetable yield, and has a positive impact on the environment. Organic cultivation increases soil fertility and contributes to maintaining ecological balance and protecting the environment in greenhouses. Full article

This study examines the global literature that looks at spatial–visual abilities (SVA) while considering the numerous differential studies, methods of evaluation designed over a century, and multiple external influences on its development. The dataset was retrieved from Google Scholar and publisher databases such as Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Springer, etc. Only factual reports and bibliographic reviews were included in an analysis of a total of 87 documents. Each study of SVA is classified based on information, country, year, and age groupings. SVA has been extensively studied in the areas of “STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) fields”, “demographic factors” and “other activities”. “Spatial visualisation” or “visual ability” is the term employed to refer to the cognitive ability that allows one to comprehend, mentally process, and manipulate three-dimensional visuospatial shapes. One of the most crucial distinct abilities involved is spatial aptitude, which aids in understanding numerous aspects of everyday and academic life. It is especially vital for comprehending scientific concepts, and it has been extensively studied. Nearly all multiple-aptitude assessments include spatial ability. It is determined that over the past two decades, the study of SVA has gained momentum, most likely because of information being digitised. Within the vast reservoir of spatial-cognition research, the majority of the studies examined here originate from the United States of America, with less than a quarter of the studies based in the Asia–Pacific region and the Middle East. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature on the assessment of SVA with respect to sector, year, country, age and socio-economic factors. It also offers a detailed examination of the use of spatial interventions in educational environments to integrate spatial abilities with training in architecture and interior design. Full article

Land cover and its changes over time are significant for better understanding the Earth’s fundamental characteristics and processes, such as global climate change, hydrology, and the carbon cycle. A number of land cover-geoprocessing models have been proposed for land cover-data production with different spatial and temporal resolutions. With the massive growth in land cover data and the increasing demand for efficient model utilization, developing efficient and convenient land cover-geoprocessing models has become a formidable challenge. Although some model-migration methods have been proposed for handling the massive data, the intricacy of land cover-data and -heterogeneity models frequently prevent current strategies from directly meeting demand. In this paper, we propose the PAMC-LC-containerization approach to overcome the difficulties associated with moving existing land cover models in the open web environment. Based on the idea of model migration, we design a standardized model description and hierarchical encapsulation strategy for land cover models, and develop migration and deployment methods. Furthermore, we assess the viability and efficacy of the proposed approach by using coupled workflows for model migration and the introduction of visualization on the Mts-WH dataset and the Google dataset. The experimental results show that the PAMC-LC approach can simplify and streamline the model migration process, with important ramifications for increasing productivity, reusing models, and lowering additional data-transmission costs. Full article

The human heart’s remarkable vitality necessitates a deep understanding of its mechanics, particularly concerning cardiac device leads. This paper presents advancements in finite element modeling for cardiac leads and 3D heart models, leveraging computational simulations to assess lead behavior over time. Through detailed modeling and meshing techniques, we accurately captured the complex interactions between leads and heart tissue. Material properties were assigned based on ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards and in vivo exposure data, ensuring realistic simulations. Our results demonstrate close agreement between experimental and simulated data for silicone insulation in pacemaker leads, with a mean force tolerance of 19.6 N ± 3.6 N, an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 6.3 MPa ± 1.15 MPa, and a percentage elongation of 125% ± 18.8%, highlighting the effectiveness of simulation in predicting lead performance. Similarly, for polyurethane insulation in ICD leads, we found a mean force of 65.87 N ± 7.1 N, a UTS of 10.7 MPa ± 1.15 MPa, and a percentage elongation of 259.3% ± 21.4%. Additionally, for polyurethane insulation in CRT leads, we observed a mean force of 53.3 N ± 2.06 N, a UTS of 22.11 MPa ± 0.85 MPa, and a percentage elongation of 251.6% ± 13.2%. Correlation analysis revealed strong relationships between mechanical properties, further validating the simulation models. Classification models constructed using both experimental and simulated data exhibited high discriminative ability, underscoring the reliability of simulation in analyzing lead behavior. These findings contribute to the ongoing efforts to improve cardiac device lead design and optimize patient outcomes. Full article

Geophysical logging plays a very important role in reservoir evaluation. In the actual production process, some logging data are often missing due to well wall collapse and instrument failure. Therefore, this paper proposes a logging reconstruction method based on improved sand cat swarm optimization (ISCSO) and a temporal convolutional network (TCN) and bidirectional gated recurrent unit network with attention mechanism (BiGRU-AM). The ISCSO-TCN-BiGRU-AM can process both past and future states efficiently, thereby extracting valuable deterioration information from logging data. Firstly, the sand cat swarm optimization (SCSO) improved by the variable spiral strategy and sparrow warning mechanism is introduced. Secondly, the ISCSO’s performance is evaluated using the CEC–2022 functions and the Wilcoxon test, and the findings demonstrate that the ISCSO outperforms the rival algorithms. Finally, the logging reconstruction method based on the ISCSO-TCN-BiGRU-AM is obtained. The results are compared with the competing models, including the back propagation neural network (BPNN), GRU, and BiGRU-AM. The results show that the ISCSO-TCN-BiGRU-AM has the best performance, which verifies its high accuracy and feasibility for the missing logging reconstruction. Full article

A recently proposed scalar forcing scheme that maintains the mixture fraction mean, root-mean-square and probability density function in the unburned gas can lead to a statistically quasi-stationary state in direct numerical simulations of turbulent stratified combustion when combined with velocity forcing. Scalar forcing alongside turbulence forcing leads to greater values of turbulent burning velocity and flame surface area in comparison to unforced simulations for globally fuel-lean mixtures. The sustained unburned gas mixture inhomogeneity changes the percentage shares of back- and front-supported flame elements in comparison to unforced simulations, and this effect is particularly apparent for high turbulence intensities. Scalar forcing does not significantly affect the heat release rates due to different modes of combustion and the micro-mixing rate within the flame characterised by scalar dissipation rate of the reaction progress variable. Thus, scalar forcing has a significant potential for enabling detailed parametric studies as well as providing well-converged time-averaged statistics for stratified-mixture combustion using Direct Numerical Simulations in canonical configurations. Full article

The function of the sense of taste is usually confined to the ability to perceive the flavor of food to assess and use the nutrients necessary for healthy survival and to discard those that may be harmful, toxic, or unpleasant. It is almost unanimously agreed that the perception of bitter taste prevents the consumption of toxins from plants, decaying foods, and drugs. Forty years ago, while practicing medicine in a rural area of the Colombian Amazon, I had an unexpected encounter with the Inga Indians. I faced the challenge of accepting that their traditional medicine was effective and that the medicinal plants they used had a real therapeutic effect. Wanting to follow a process of learning about medicinal plants on their terms, I found that, for them, the taste of plants is a primary and fundamental key to understanding their functioning. One of the most exciting results was discovering the therapeutic value of bitter plants. The present review aims to understand whether there is any scientific support for this hypothesis from the traditional world. Can the taste of plants explain their possible therapeutic benefit? In the last 20 years, we have made novel advances in the knowledge of the physiology of taste. Our purpose will be to explore these scientific advances to determine if the bitter taste of medicinal plants benefits human health. Full article

Introduction: The scapholunate interosseous ligament is pivotal for wrist stability, and its impairment can result in instability and joint degeneration. This study explores the application of real-time MRI for dynamic assessment of the scapholunate joint during wrist motion with the objective of determining its diagnostic value in efficacy in contrast to static imaging modalities. Materials and Methods: Ten healthy participants underwent real-time MRI scans during wrist ab/adduction and fist-clenching maneuvers. Measurements were obtained at proximal, medial, and distal landmarks on both dynamic and static images with statistical analyses conducted to evaluate the reliability of measurements at each landmark and the concordance between dynamic measurements and established static images. Additionally, inter- and intraobserver variabilities were evaluated. Results: Measurements of the medial landmarks demonstrated the closest agreement with static images and exhibited the least scatter. Distal landmark measurements showed a similar level of agreement but with increased scatter. Proximal landmark measurements displayed substantial deviation, which was accompanied by an even greater degree of scatter. Although no significant differences were observed between the ab/adduction and fist-clenching maneuvers, both inter- and intraobserver variabilities were significant across all measurements. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of real-time MRI in the dynamic assessment of the scapholunate joint particularly at the medial landmark. Despite promising results, challenges such as measurement variability need to be addressed. Standardization and integration with advanced image processing methods could significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of real-time MRI, paving the way for its clinical implementation in dynamic wrist imaging studies. Full article

Background: Interest in the oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC) is increasing, and various clinical studies have reported the benefits of metastasis-directed radiation therapy (MDRT) in OMPC. However, the recognition regarding the adopted definitions, methodologies of assessment, and therapeutic approaches is diverse among radiation oncologists. This study aims to evaluate the level of agreement for issues in OMPC among radiation oncologists. Methods: We generated 15 key questions (KQs) for OMPC relevant to definition, diagnosis, local therapies, and endpoints. Additionally, three clinical scenarios representing synchronous metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) (case 1), metachronous mPC with visceral metastasis (case 2), and metachronous mPC with castration-resistance and history of polymetastasis (case 3) were developed. The 15 KQs were adapted according to each scenario and transformed into 23 questions with 6–9 per scenario. The survey was distributed to 80 radiation oncologists throughout the Republic of Korea. Answer options with 0.0–29.9%, 30–49.9%, 50–69.9%, 70–79.9%, 80–89.9%, and 90–100% agreements were considered as no, minimal, weak, moderate, strong, and near perfect agreement, respectively. Results: Forty-five candidates voluntarily participated in this study. Among 23 questions, near perfect (n = 4), strong (n = 3), or moderate (n = 2) agreements were shown in nine. For the case recognized as OMPC with agreements of 93% (case 1), near perfect agreements on the application of definitive radiation therapy (RT) for whole metastatic lesions were achieved. While ≥70% agreements regarding optimal dose-fractionation for metastasis-directed RT (MDRT) has not been achieved, stereotactic body RT (SBRT) is favored by clinicians with higher clinical volume. Conclusion: For the case recognized as OMPC, near perfect agreement for the application of definitive RT for whole metastatic lesions was reached. SBRT was more favored as a MDRT by clinicians with a higher clinical volume. Full article

The evaluation of in vitro biological activity of several previously reported quinolinequinones (AQQ1–5) against 60 human cancer cell lines (NCI-60) used by the National Cancer Institute’s Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP) contributed to our earlier research on possible anticancer and/or antibacterial agents. Of interest, NCI-60 screening revealed that two quinolinequinones (AQQ1 and AQQ2) significantly reduced the proliferation of several cancer genotypes. Following the administration of a single dose and five additional doses, all quinolinequinones demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of leukemia and other cancer cell lines. Hence, a series of subsequent in vitro biological assessments were performed to further understand the mechanistic impact of the compounds. In MTT assays, it was found that AQQ1 and AQQ2 exhibited higher efficacy against DU-145 cells (IC₅₀ 4.18 µM and 4.17 µM, respectively) compared to MDA-MB-231 (IC₅₀ 8.27 and 13.33 µM, respectively) and HCT-116 cells (IC₅₀ 5.83 and 9.18 µM, respectively). Additionally, AQQ1 demonstrated greater activity in this context. Further investigations revealed that AQQ1 inhibited DU-145 cell growth and migration dose-dependently. Remarkably, arrest of the DU-145 cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and ROS elevation were observed. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies revealed that AQQ1 has better PK parameters than AQQ2 with %F of 9.83 in rat. Considering the data obtained with human liver microsomal stability studies, AQQ1 should have a better PK profile in human subjects. In silico studies (molecular dynamics) with three kinases (CDK2, CDK4, and MAPK) leading to cell cycle arrest at G₀/G₁ identified MAPK as a probable target for AQQ1. Taken together, our results showed that AQQ1 could be a potential chemotherapeutic lead molecule for prostate cancer. Full article

Agriculture is a critical foundation for the development of large-scale complex and urban societies. Sanxingdui, located on the Chengdu Plain in western Sichuan and linked with the ancient Chinese Shu Kingdom, is one of the most distinctive archaeological sites in the world. However, despite its importance, the agricultural economy of the Sanxingdui culture and the Chengdu Plain remains poorly understood and heavily debated. This study synthesizes recent archaeological and historical evidence concerning the agricultural economy underpinning the increasing scale and social complexity at Sanxingdui and the greater Chengdu Plain prior to 2200 BP. Our analysis finds a mixed rice and dry-land millet farming economy, in conjunction with pig and chicken husbandry, during the Sanxingdui culture (3700–3100 BP). This integrated agricultural system likely began with the Baodun culture (4500–3700 BP), passing to the Sanxingdui culture (3700–3100 BP), Shierqiao culture (3100–2600 BP) and later, the Shu culture (2600–2300 BP). In addition, although gathering, hunting, and fishing accounted for relatively low proportions of the overall subsistence, the ancient peoples at Sanxingdui and across the Chengdu Plain continued these practices, supporting a diverse agricultural and food system. Understanding the subsistence at Sanxingdui offers key insights into the development of complex societies in southwest China, the contributions to Chinese culture, and the role of agriculture worldwide. Full article

Electrofracturing deeply buried shale formations could be used to increase reservoir permeability and improve reservoir production without requiring large volumes of freshwater. This paper describes a novel experimental system and initial test results to electrofracture shale under high confining pressures. Core-scale laboratory testing was performed on twelve rock samples recovered from a shale gas reservoir. Each sample was subjected to confining pressures of 20.7 MPa (3000 psi) or 58.6 MPa (8000 psi), representative of overburden pressures at depth. Samples were then subjected to application of high voltage until specimen fracture. The experiments produced deformed samples with multiple fracture types, both parallel and oblique to bedding planes. Electrofracturing increased permeabilities by up to nine orders of magnitude for extended time periods. Rock fracture and throughgoing fractures were demonstrated. Computed tomography images revealed the creation of fractures and tube/tunnel flow channels, which resisted closure under hydrostatic pressures up to 58.6 MPa. The breakdown energy and permeability changes in the sample were independent of applied confining pressure. The cumulative energy input required for fracture depended on applied confining pressure and sample length. The energy required to fracture samples up to 9 cm in length is generally more than 0.5 kJ/cm, but no greater than 1 kJ/cm. Our results show that electrofracture of shales under confining pressure is possible and could be a possible water-free mechanism for reservoir stimulation. Full article

To rapidly eliminate toluene from aqueous environments during leakage accidents, this paper synthesized porous silico-aluminate nanoparticles (SANs) via a hydrothermal method, using cost-effective and non-toxic natural kaolin as the basic raw material. The morphology and structure of the porous SANs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and BET-specific surface area tests. The effects of different conditions, such as the dosage of porous SANs, initial concentration of toluene, temperature, capture time, and pH, on the adsorption performance of porous SANs were analyzed. The as-prepared SANs exhibited a high removal efficiency and rapid adsorption performance toward toluene in aqueous solution. Finally, the kinetics of the adsorption of toluene in aqueous solution by porous SANs were investigated. The mechanism of the adsorption of toluene by porous SANs was further discussed. These findings provide a cost-effective and highly efficient absorbent for the emergency disposal of toluene leakage accidents. Full article

Unintentional electromagnetic (EM) emissions often include information about the data processed by electronic devices. Intrusion based on an unintentional EM emission leaves no evidence of an attacker’s activity, while the data owner is unaware that it has been lost. EM attacks can be performed without physically damaging a device that operates regularly. The most typical intrusion activities involve sensitive data exfiltration using various methods that do not require the physical connection of devices to the computer network or communication channels. This research examines EM emissions from computer monitors, wireless keyboards and mice, printers, scanners, conductors, piezoelectric sensors (PES), and radio frequency identification (RFID) devices. The telecommunication electronics material protected from emanating spurious transmissions (TEMPEST) profiling as a performance engineering of the EM footprint is discussed. This study also presents different TEMPEST standards and highlights their importance concerning unintentional EM radiation. Full article

The purpose of this study is to propose an integrative model for evaluating the effectiveness of performance management system (PMS). This model aims to systematize the dimensions and criteria used in the literature and provide clarity in terms of evaluation possibilities. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to identify the dimensions, criteria, and causal relationships used in evaluating PMS effectiveness. A sample of 57 articles was analyzed using content analysis. The study established dimensions and criteria that have been neglected in the literature. The review resulted in the proposal of an integrative model for evaluating PMS effectiveness, which incorporates individual and organizational dimensions and criteria identified in the literature. It sheds light on recurrently adopted dimensions, particularly those related to individual-level phenomena, and seeks to clarify current conceptual ambiguities. This study’s originality lies in its integrative approach, which diverges from the prevailing tendencies in the field. This study provides clarity regarding the conceptual confusion surrounding ambiguous concepts and generically applied measures that hinder the drawing of certain conclusions about the effectiveness of PMS. Full article

Background: In recent years, preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) has become widespread in assisted reproduction. However, contrary to expectations, PGT-A does not significantly improve the clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies. One of the underlying reasons is the discordance between the PGT-A results and the true chromosomal constitution of the blastocyst. In this case series, we re-examined the PGT-A results in trophectoderm (TE) re-biopsies and in the two isolated blastocyst compartments—the TE and the inner cell mass (ICM). Methods: This study enrolled 23 human blastocysts from 17 couples who were referred for assisted reproduction. The blastocysts were unsuitable for uterine transfer due to the chromosomal imbalance revealed by PGT-A using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) (n = 11) or next-generation sequencing (NGS) (n = 12). The re-examination of the PGT results involved two steps: (1) a TE re-biopsy with subsequent aCGH and (2) blastocyst separation into the TE and the ICM with a subsequent cell-by-cell analysis of each isolated compartment by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the DNA probes to chromosomes 13, 16, 18, 21, and 22 as well as to the PGT-A detected imbalanced chromosomes. Results: In 8 out of 23 cases, the PGT-A results were concordant with both the re-biopsy and the isolated TE and ICM analyses. The latter included the diagnoses of full non-mosaic aneuploidies (five cases of trisomies and two cases of monosomies). In one case, the results of PGT-A, aCGH on the TE re-biopsy, and FISH on the isolated TE showed Xp tetrasomy, which contrasted with the FISH results on the isolated ICM, where this chromosomal pathology was not detected. This case was classified as a confined mosaicism. In 4 out of 23 cases, the results were partially discordant. The latter included one case of trisomy 12, which was detected as non-mosaic by PGT-A and the re-biopsy and as mosaic by FISH on the isolated TE and ICM. This case was classified as a true mosaicism with a false negative PGT-A result. In 11 out of 23 cases, the re-examination results were not concordant with the PGT-A results. In one of these discordant cases, non-mosaic tetraploidy was detected by FISH in the isolated TE and ICM, whereas the PGT-A and the TE re-biopsy failed to detect any abnormality, which advocated for their false negative result. In two cases, the re-examination did not confirm full aneuploidies. In eight cases, full or partial mosaic aneuploidies as well as chaotic mosacism were not confirmed in the isolated TE nor the isolated ICM. Thus, in 47.8% of cases, the PGT-A results did not reflect the true chromosomal constitution of a blastocyst. Conclusions: The PGT results may have different prognostic value in the characterization of the chromosomal constitution of a blastocyst. The detected non-mosaic aneuploidies have the highest prognostic value. In stark contrast, most PGT-identified mosaic aneuploidies fail to characterize the true chromosomal constitution of a blastocyst. Once detected, a differential diagnosis is needed. Full article

Solid waste sorting is an important pre-treatment in recycling to improve the efficiency of material recovery and reduce costs. Motivated by the PEACOC project on metal recovery from solid wastes, an innovative magnetic density separation (MDS) process has been developed for solid waste sorting. It has intrinsic advantages over conventional gravity separation technologies and the previously industrialized MDS process. The new MDS process applies an inclined planar magnet and a horizontal basin containing a static magnetic fluid as the separation medium. A particle sliding phenomenon is identified as a feature that could help the separation. Experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the role of the MDS in concentrating valuable metals in shredded PCBAs and reducing metallic contaminants in plastic fractions of shredded wires. A pilot scale facility is introduced to show the design to achieve continuous production and to reduce the consumption of ferrofluid. Full article

Candida albicans, as a notorious fungal pathogen, is associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide due to its ability to form biofilms and persisters that can withstand currently available antifungals. Direct current (DC) has demonstrated a promising antimicrobial effect and synergistic effect with antimicrobials against various infections. Here, we first found DC exerted a killing effect on C. albicans planktonic and biofilm cells. Moreover, DC showed a synergistic effect with fluconazole (FLC) and amphotericin B (AMB). Notably, near-to-complete eradication of AMB-tolerant C. albicans biofilm persisters was achieved upon DC treatment. Next, the mechanism of action of DC was explored through mapping the genes and proteomic profiles of DC-treated C. albicans. The multi-omics analysis, quantitative real-time PCR and assay of reactive oxygen species (ROS) demonstrated DC exerted an antifungal effect on C. albicans by increasing cellular oxidative stress. As revealed by multiple analyses (e.g., protein assay based on absorbance at 280 nm and rhodamine 6G assay), DC was able to enhance membrane permeability, inhibit drug efflux and increase cellular FLC/AMB concentration of C. albicans, thereby mediating its synergism with the antifungals. Furthermore, DC inhibited superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression and manganese-containing SOD (Mn SOD) activity, leading to ROS production and enhanced killing of C. albicans biofilm persisters. The current findings demonstrate that the adjunctive use of DC in combination with antifungals is a promising strategy for effective control of C. albicans infections and management of antifungal resistance/tolerance in Candida biofilms. Full article

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has emerged as a crucial radiographic technique for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, particularly for cases requiring the assessment of complex anatomical relationships. In the first part of the study, we examined metric characteristics measured on 3D cranial models of patients before and after surgery. In the second part, we conducted more complex data processing, analyzing a set of 12 cranial feature points using Procrustes analysis to quantify and visually represent surgical modifications. The third part involved comparing 3D facial surfaces using Iterative Closest Point (ICP) alignment and nearest point-to-point distances. Additionally, we tested point configurations in the facial soft tissues. The study included a group of orthodontic patients from whom CBCT data and 3D facial scans were obtained during treatment. The results demonstrated that each method could assess preoperative and postoperative changes to varying degrees. They also highlighted potential gender differences in surgical modifications that warrant further investigation and consideration during surgical planning. The aim of our study was to compare 3D visualizations of skull and facial models before and after surgery, to assess the degree of relative agreement or similarity, and to identify any morphological differences. Full article

This study investigated how printing conditions influence the fracture behaviour of 3D-printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) under tensile loading. Dog-bone-shaped ABS specimens were produced using the fusion filament fabrication technique, with varying printing angles. Tensile tests were conducted on pre-notched specimens with consistent pre-notch lengths but different orientations. Optical and scanning electron microscopies were employed to analyse crack propagation in the pre-notched specimens. In order to support experimental evidence, finite element computation was implemented to study the damage induced by the microstructural rearrangement of the filaments when subject to tensile loading. The findings revealed the simple linear correlation between the failure properties including elongation at break and maximum stress in relation to the printing angle for different pre-notch lengths. A more progressive damage was found to support the ultimate performance of the studied material. This experiment evidence was used to build a damage model of 3D-printed ABS that accounts for the onset, growth, and damage saturation. This damage modelling is able to capture the failure properties as a function of the printing angle using a sigmoid-like damage function and a modulation of the stiffness within the raster. The numerical results demonstrated that damage pattern develops as a result of the filament arrangement and weak adhesion between adjacent filaments and explains the diffuse damage kinetics observed experimentally. This study concludes with a topological law relating the notch size and orientation to the rupture properties of 3D-printed ABS. This study supports the idea of tailoring the microstructural arrangement to control and mitigate the mechanical instabilities that lead to the failure of 3D-printed polymers. Full article