Abstract
A simple and effective method has been developed to assemble the β-Co(OH)2 nanoparticles coordinated to the surface of the reduced graphene oxide sheets. The reduced graphene oxide-Co(OH)2 hybrid is characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques, respectively. These morphological and structural analysis results demonstrate the successful attachment of hexagonal β-Co(OH)2 nanoparticles to the reduced graphene oxide sheets through the oxygen-containing functional groups. Compared to the paramagnetic property of hexagonal β-Co(OH)2 nanoparticles, a s-like superparamagnetic behavior can be observed at room temperature for the reduced graphene oxide-Co(OH)2 hybrid by the magnetometer PPMS-9T magnetic measurement, indicative of superparamagnetism. The interplay between the localized magnetic moment of the Co2+ ions in the hexagonal β-Co(OH)2 nanoparticles and the itinerant π carriers in reduced graphene oxide is suggested to be responsible for this superparamagnetic behavior. This enhanced magnetism indicates that the reduced graphene oxide-Co(OH)2 hybrid has a promising potential for spintronic device applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Datta, S., Das, B.: Electronic analog of the electro-optic modulator. Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 665–667 (1990)
Puttisong, Y., Buyanova, I.A., Ptak, A.J., Tu, C.W., Geelhaar, L., Riechert, H., Chen, W.M.: Room-temperature electron spin amplifier based on Ga(In)NAs alloys. Adv. Mater. 25, 738–742 (2013)
Sinova, J., Žutić, I.: New moves of the spintronics tango. Nat. Mater. 11, 368–371 (2012)
Zhu, H.J., Ramsteiner, M., Kostial, H., Wasserrmeier, M., Schönherr, H.-P., Ploog, K.H.: Room temperature spin injection from Fe into GaAs. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 016601 (2001)
Osipov, V.V., Bratkovsky, A.M.: A class of spin injection-precession ultrafast nanodevices. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2118–2120 (2004)
Lou, X., Adelmann, C., Crooker, S.A., Garlid, E.S., Zhang, J., Reddy, S.M., Flexner, S.D., Palmstrøm, C.J., Crowell, P.A.: Electrical Detection of spin transport in lateral ferromagnet-semiconductor devices. Nat. Phys. 3, 197–202 (2007)
Samarth, N.: Ferromagnetic semiconductors: Battle of the bands. Nat. Mater. 11, 360–361 (2012)
Dietl, T.: A ten-year perspective on dilute magnetic semiconductors and oxides. Nat. Mater. 9, 965–974 (2010)
Tombros, N., Jozsa, C., Popinciuc, M., Jonkman, H.T., Van Wees, B.J.: Electronic spin transport and spin precession in single graphene layers at room temperature. Nature. 448, 571–574 (2007)
Pensin, D., MacDonald, A.H.: Spintronics and pseudospintronics in graphene and topological insulators. Nat. Mater. 11, 409–416 (2012)
Castro Neto, A.H.: Another spin on graphene. Science. 332, 315–316 (2011)
Nair, R.R., Tsai, I-L., Sepioni, M., Lehtinen, O., Keinonen, J., Krasheninnikov, A.V., Castro Neto, A.H., Katsnelson, M.I., Geim, A.K., Grigorieva, I.V.: Dual origin of defect magnetism in graphene and its reversible switching by molecular doping. Nat. Commun. 4, 2010 (2013)
Garnica, M., Stradi, D., Barja, S., Calleja, F., Díaz, C., Alcamí, M., Martín, N., Vázquez de Parga, A.L., Martín, F., Miranda, R.: Long-range magnetic order in a purely organic 2D layer adsorbed on epitaxial graphene. Nat. Phys. 9, 368–374 (2013)
Zhu, X., Zhu, Y., Murali, S., Stoller, M.D., Ruoff, R.S.: Nanostructured Reduced graphene oxide/Fe2O3 composite as a high-performance anode material for lithium ion batteries. ACS Nano 5(4), 3333–3338 (2011)
Wang, C., Feng, C., Gao, Y., Ma, X., Wu, Q., Wang, Z.: Preparation of a graphene-based magnetic nanocomposite for the removal of an organic dye from aqueous solution. Chem. Eng. J. 173(1), 92–97 (2011)
Li, D., Müller, M.B., Gilje, S., Kaner, R.B., Wallace, G.G.: Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets. Nat. Nanotechnol. 3, 101–105 (2008)
Wei, D., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, H., Huang, L., Yu, G.: Synthesis of N-doped graphene by chemical vapor deposition and its electrical properties. Nano Lett. 9(5), 1752–1758 (2009)
Wang, C., Li, D., Too, C.O., Wallace, G.G.: Electrochemical properties of graphene paper electrodes used in Lithium batteries. Chem. Mater. 21, 2604–2606 (2009)
Sampanthar, J.T., Zeng, H.C.: Arresting Butterfly-like intermediate nanocrystals of beta-Co(OH)2 via Ethylenediamine-Mediated synthesis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124(23), 6668–6675 (2002)
Paredes, J.I., Villar-Rodil, S., Martinez-Alonso, A., Tascon, J.M.D.: Graphene oxide dispersions in organic solvents. Langmuir 24, 10560–10564 (2008)
Uk Lee, H., Young Yoo, H., Lkhagvasuren, T., Seok Song, Y., Park, C., Kim, J., Kim, S.W.: Enzymatic fuel cells based on electrodeposited graphite oxide/cobalt hydroxide/chitosan composite-enzyme electrode. Biosens. Bioelectron. 42, 342–348 (2013)
Takada, T., Bando, Y., Kiyama, M., Miyamoto, H., Sato, T.: The magnetic property of beta-Co(OH)2. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 21, 2726 (1966)
Wang, H., Casalongue, H.S., Liang, Y., Dai, H.: Ni(OH)2 nanoplates grown on graphene as advanced electrochemical pseudocapacitor materials. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(21), 7472–7477 (2010)
Mauger, A.: Magnetic polaron: Theory and experiment. Phys. Rev. B 27(4), 2308–2324 (1983)
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61006080 and 11174226) and Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, F., Ye, S., Guo, H. et al. Assembled β-Co(OH)2 Nanoparticles on Reduced Graphene Oxide for Enhanced Magnetism. J Supercond Nov Magn 27, 787–791 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-013-2354-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-013-2354-6