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Temporal Heterogeneity in the Study of African Land Use

Interdisciplinary Collaboration between Anthropology, Human Geography and Remote Sensing

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Abstract

This paper introduces a set of four collaborative papers exploring temporal heterogeneity in the analysis of African land use over a decadal time period, from 10 to 50 years, in the second half of the twentieth century. The four cases were chosen amongst the seven teams of anthropologists, human geographers and remote sensing specialists who had carried out long-term research and who met to discuss their findings at a workshop in 2003. All seven teams’ work and the collective discussion—on Casamance (Senegal), Brong Ahafo (Ghana), Southern Niger/Northern Cote d’Ivoire, Oyo State (Nigeria), Maasai Mara (Kenya and Tanzania), Gwembe (Zambia), and Malawi—inform this introduction. We identify several temporal processes in all the cases, each operating on its own temporal frame: population growth and, above all, mobility; livelihood change through crop and occupational change; tenure ambiguity; powerful though “punctuated” interventions by state policy; and climate change. Conceptual and methodological implications are disussed.

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Notes

  1. Amanor (anthropology), well known for his work on The New Frontier (1994) later collaborated with Pabi (remote sensing) in a study of agricultural succession in central Ghana.

    Colson, Scudder and Cliggett, all anthropologists working on the famous Gwembe Tonga study initiated by Scudder and Colson in the 1950s (Colson 1960; Scudder 1962), were joined by remote sensing specialist Lambin (Petit et al., 2001), then geographer Unruh and remote sensing specialist Hay for a new round of field study.

    Guyer (anthropology) had worked with Lambin in the late 1980s and early 1990s on intensification in the rural hinterland of Ibadan, Nigeria (Guyer and Lambin 1993; Lambin and Guyer 1994), remained in intermittent discussion over the decade and planned the regrouping of the participants.

    Linares (anthropology) and Lambin (remote sensing) developed a joint project at the 1995 conference devoted to aspects of a three-decade drought in Casamance, Senegal.

    Peters (long-term anthropologist colleague of several other participants) and Walker (geography) worked together on livelihood changes in Malawi.

    Turner and Bassett (human geography) had worked separately on pastoral change in West Africa (Niger and Cote d’Ivoire respectively) and collaborated on this paper after the 2003 workshop.

    We have also been inspired by the work of anthropologists Glenn and Priscilla Stone in their restudy picking up on the seminal work of Netting (1968) on the Jos Plateau in Nigeria (Stone, 1996). And at an early stage the crucially important anthropological work of Paul Richards, and Melissa Leach and James Fairhead in Liberia and Sierra Leone has been a point of reference. Richards cosponsored the 1995 conference.We have kept in mind throughout the Machakos restudy (Tiffen et al., 1994), and the work of French researchers in historical anthropology and human geography.

  2. For example, the full implications of usufruct tenure for ejido land use are not clear, in particular, the ejidatarios’ use of their own forest resources which—by recalculation—appear to be up to 60% of landholdings, and which are increasingly being preserved from deforestation by the use of secondary succession for fields. There is a configuration of conditions and practices here which is not pulled together.

  3. Guyer’s 1988 restudy method was not exactly replicable because of the changed seasonality of rainfall since 1968 that farmers had changed crop sequences to accommodate, and the whole cycle of land clearing and therefore harvesting was almost a month later (see Guyer, 1997a, b).

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Acknowledgment

We gratefully acknowledge the support for the two meetings which this collection brings to fruition. A conference on African Farmers and their Environment in Long Term Perspective at the Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands, in 1995, was funded by the National Science Foundation International Programs (9501422) and the Rockefeller Foundation.

A workshop in 2003 at the Stanford Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences was financed by The Wenner Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research and the National Science Foundation, Cultural Anthropology Division (BCS0245289).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anthropology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Jane I. Guyer

  2. Department of Geography, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

    Eric F. Lambin

  3. Department of Anthropology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

    Lisa Cliggett

  4. Department of Geography, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA

    Peter Walker

  5. Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana

    Kojo Amanor

  6. Department of Geography, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champagne, IL, USA

    Thomas Bassett

  7. Department of Anthropology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Elizabeth Colson

  8. Department of Earth Sciences, California State University, Dominguez Hills, 1000 E. Victoria Street, Carson, CA, 90747, USA

    Rod Hay

  9. Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, England

    Katherine Homewood

  10. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama

    Olga Linares

  11. Geography and Resource Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana

    Opoku Pabi

  12. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Pauline Peters

  13. Department of Anthropology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

    Thayer Scudder

  14. Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA

    Matthew Turner

  15. Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    John Unruh

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  1. Jane I. Guyer
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Correspondence to Jane I. Guyer.

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Guyer, J.I., Lambin, E.F., Cliggett, L. et al. Temporal Heterogeneity in the Study of African Land Use. Hum Ecol 35, 3–17 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-006-9085-2

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