Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evolution and systematic relationships in theTriticeae (Poaceae)

  • Published:
Plant Systematics and Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The evolution and taxonomic relationships in theTriticeae are discussed with the view to highlight aspects of this agronomically important group of plants, which may be of interest to molecular biology. Some of these aspects are addressed in more detail in adjoining papers in which specific genomic loci have been examined at the DNA sequence or isozyme level. Aspects discussed include the systematics and geographic distribution of theTriticeae species, isozyme and chromosome pairing studies on some of the species as well as more recent developments in DNA analyses. A survey of the systematics of theTriticeae indicated that the genomic system ofLöve is probably the most useful starting point for interpreting molecular data even though the system has many problems from a taxonomic point of view. The geographical distribution ofTriticeae species, using both published and unpublished data, suggested that information of this type taken together with the theory of continental drift provides a broad time-span for considering data from DNA sequence studies. The significance, and modes of analyses, of isozyme studies were assessed because they often provide valuable characters in determining relationships between species. The main character underlyingLöve's andDewey's analyses of theTriticeae, namely chromosome pairing, is discussed with particular reference to isozyme studies to show that in some cases, such as species ofHordeum sensu lato, consistent relationships are obtained. Finally, new developments in understanding chromosome structure are considered in relation to the above variables in the taxonomy and evolution of theTriticeae.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alonso, L. C., Kimber, G., 1981: The analysis of meiosis in hybrids. II. Triploid hybrids. — Canad. J. Genet. Cytol.23: 221–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Appels, R., 1982: The molecular cytology of wheat-rye hybrids. — Int. Rev. Cytol.80: 93–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,Dvorak, J., 1982: Relative rates of divergence of spacer and gene sequences within the rDNA region of species in theTriticeae: implications for the maintenance of homogeneity of a repeated gene family. — Theor. Appl. Genet.63: 361–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,Peacock, W. J., 1978: The arrangement and evolution of highly repeated (satellite) DNA sequences with special reference toDrosophila. — Int. Rev. Cytol. Suppl.8: 69–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,Scoles, G., Chapman, C. G. D., 1987: The nature of change in nuclear DNA in the evolution of the grasses. — InDutro, N. P., (Ed.): 1st international symposium on grass systematics and evolution, pp. 73–87. — Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asins, M. J., Carbonell, E. A., 1986: A comparative study on availability and phylogeny ofTriticum species 2. Interspecific relationships. — Theor. Appl. Genet.72: 559–568.

    Google Scholar 

  • Avdulov, N. P., 1931: Karyo-systematische Untersuchungen der Familie Gramineen. — Bull. Appl. Bot. Genet. Plant Breed.44 (Suppl. 4): 1–428.

    Google Scholar 

  • Axelrod, D. I., 1952: A theory of angiosperm evolution. — Evolution6: 29–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baum, B. R., 1978a: Taxonomy of the tribeTriticeae (Poaceae) using various numerical techniques. II. Classification. — Canad. J. Bot.56: 27–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1978b: Generic relationships inTriticeae based on computations of Jardine and Sibson Bk clusters. — Canad. J. Bot.56: 2948–2954.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1978c: Taxonomy of the tribeTriticeae (Poaceae) using various numerical techniques. III. Synoptic key to genera and synopses. — Canad. J. Bot.56: 374–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1983: A phylogenetic analysis of the tribeTriticeae (Poaceae) based on morphological characters of the genera. — Canad. J. Bot.61: 518–535.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baum, B. R., Tulloch, A. P., 1982: A survey of epicuticular waxes among genera ofTriticeae. III. Synthesis and conclusion. — Canad. J. Bot.60: 1761–1770.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,Estes, J. R., Gupta, P. K., 1987: Assessment of the genomic system of classification in theTriticeae. — Amer. J. Bot.74: 1388–1395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, M. D., Smith, J. B., 1976: Nuclear DNA in Angiosperms. — Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. (London), Series B,274: 227–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bor, N. L., 1960: The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan. — InRollins, R. C., Taylor, G., (Eds.): International series of monographs on pure and applied biology, Botany Division1: 26–27. — Oxford London New York Paris: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brettell, R. I. S., Pallotta, M. A., Gustafson, J. P., Appels, R., 1986: Variation at theNor loci inTriticale derived from tissue culture. — Theor. Appl. Genet.71:637–643.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buth, D. G., 1984: The application of electrophoretic data in systematic studies. — Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst.15: 501–522.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cech, T. R., Tanner, N. K., Tinoco, Jr., I.,Weir, B. R., Zucker, M., Perlman, R. S., 1983: Secondary structure of theTetrahymena ribosomal RNA intervening sequence: structural homology with fungal mitochondrial intervening sequences. — Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.80: 3903–3907.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, W. D., 1975: Chorology of the genera ofGramineae. — Kew Bull.30: 111–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1981: Evolution and distribution of grasses. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.68: 5–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,Cope, T. A., 1980a: The chorology of Old World species ofGramineae. — Kew Bull.35: 135–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, —, 1980b: The chorology of North American species ofGramineae. — Kew Bull.35: 451–452.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,Renvoize, S. A., 1986: Genera Graminum. Grasses of the world. — Kew Bull. Addit. Ser.XIII. — London: H. M. Stationery Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coyne, J. A., 1981: Gel electrophoresis and cryptic protein variation. — Isozymes: Current topics in biological and medical research6: 1–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craw, R. C., Grehan, J. R., Heads, M. J., 1984: Croizat's panbiogeography and principal botanica — series of papers edited byR. C. Craw andG. W. Gibbs. — Tuatara27: 1–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crisci, J. F., Stuessy, T. F., 1980: Determining primitive character states for phylogenetic reconstruction. — Syst. Bot.5: 112–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cross, R. A., 1980: Distribution of sub-families ofGramineae in the Old World. — Kew Bull.35: 279–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahlgren, R. M. T., Clifford, H. T., Yeo, P. F., 1985: The families of the monocotyledons: structure and evolution. — Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darlington, C. D., Wylie, A. P., 1956: Chromosome atlas of flowering plants. — New York: Hafner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darnell, J. E., Doolittle, W. F., 1986: Speculations on the early course of evolution. — Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.83: 1271–1275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, D. R., 1984: The genomic system of classification as a guide to intergeneric hybridization within the perennialTriticeae. — Stadler Gen. Symp.16: 209–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, J. J., 1987: Plant systematics at the DNA level: promises and pitfalls. — International Organization of Plant Biosystematics, Newsletter8: 3–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dvorak, J., Jue, D., Lassner, M., 1987: Homogenization of tandemly repeated nucleotide sequences by distance-dependent nucleotide sequence conversion. — Genetics116: 487–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, A. W. F., Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., 1963: The reconstruction of evolution. — Ann. Hum. Genet.27: 104–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, G., Walker, D., 1983: C3, C4: mechanisms, and cellular and environmental regulation of photosynthesis. — Oxford Univ. Press: Blackwell Scientific.

    Google Scholar 

  • Estabrook, G. F., Meacham, C. A., 1979: How to determine the compatibility of undirected character state trees. — Math. Biosci.46: 251–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,Johnson, C. S., McMorris, F. R., 1976a: An algebraic analysis of cladistic characters. — Discrete Mathematics16: 141–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, —, —, 1976b: A mathematical foundation for the analysis of cladistic character compatibility. — Math. Biosci.29: 181–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farris, J. S., 1969: A successive approximations approach to character weighting. — Syst. Zool.18: 374–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1972: Estimating phylogenetic trees from distance matrices. — Amer. Naturalist106: 645–668.

    Google Scholar 

  • Felsenstein, J., 1981: A likelihood approach to character weighting and what it tells us about parsimony and compatibility. — Biol. J. Linn. Soc.16: 183–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1982: Numerical methods for inferring evolutionary trees. — Quart. Rev. Biol.57: 379–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1985: Phylogenies from gene frequencies: a statistical problem. — Syst. Zool.34: 300–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fink, W. L., 1986: Microcomputers and phylogenetic analysis. — Science234: 1135–1139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finnegan, D. J., 1985: Transposable elements in eukaryotes. — Int. Rev. Cytol.93: 281–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitch, W. M., Margoliash, E., 1967: Construction of phylogenetic trees. — Science155: 279–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flavell, R. B., 1987: Chromosomal changes during speciation at the molecular level. — Abstr. Int. Bot. Congress Berlin 5-42-1.

  • Gilbert, W., 1978: Why genes in pieces. — Nature271: 501.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, B. S., Appels, R., 1987: Relationships betweenNor-loci from differentTriticeae species. — Pl. Syst. Evol.160: 77–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaszmann, J. C., 1987: Isozymes and classification of Asian rice varieties. — Theor. Appl. Genet.74: 21–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottlieb, L. D., 1976: Electrophoretic evidence and plant systematics. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.64: 161–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson, J. P., Lukaszewski, A. J., Bennett, M. D., 1983: Somatic deletion and redistribution of telomeric heterochromatin in the genusSecale and inTriticale. — Chromosoma88: 293–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamby, R. K., Zimmer, E. A., 1988: Ribosomal RNA sequences for inferring phylogeny within the grass family (Poaceae). — Pl. Syst. Evol.160: 29–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harberd, N. P., Flavell, R. B., Thompson, R. D., 1987: Identification of a transposonlike insertion in a Glu-1 allele of wheat. — Mol. Gen. Genet.209: 326–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartley, W., 1950: The global distribution of tribes of theGramineae in relation to historical and environmental factors. — Austral. J. Agric. Res.1: 355–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1973: Studies on the origin, evolution, and distribution of theGramineae. V. The subfamilyFestucoideae. — Austral. J. Bot.21: 201–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedrick, P. W., 1983: Genetics of populations. — Boston: Sci. Books Int.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsaio, C., Wang, R. R.-C., Dewey, D. R., 1986: Karyotype analysis and genome relationships of 22 diploid species in the tribeTriticeae. — Canad. J. Genet. Cytol.28: 109–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, J., 1973: The families of flowering plants, ed. 3. — Oxford: University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, G. H., 1978: Giemsa C-banding of rye meiotic chromosomes and the nature of “terminal chiasmata”. — Chromosoma66: 45–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, R. N., Rees, H., 1982: B chromosomes. — London, New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jorgensen, R. B., 1986: Relationships in the barley genus (Hordeum): an electrophoretic examination of proteins. — Hereditas104: 273–291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawahara, T., 1987: Identification of reciprocal translocation chromosome types in emmer wheats. III. Six chromosome types inTriticum dicoccoides. — Japan. J. Genet.62: 197–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimber, G., 1984: Evolutionary relationships and their influence in plant breeding. — Stadler Genet. Symp.16: 281–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimber, G., Feldman, M., 1987: Wild Wheat. Special report 353, College of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Columbia, April 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimura, M., 1985: The neutral theory of molecular evolution. — New Scientist, July 11: 41–44.

  • Koebner, R. M. D., Appels, R., Shepherd, K. W., 1986: Rye heterochromatin II. Characterization of a derivative from chromosome IDS.IRL with a reduced amount of the major repeating sequence. — Canad. J. Genet. Cytol.28: 658–664.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linder, H. P., 1987: The evolutionary history of thePoales/Restionales. — A hypothesis. togenetic analysis of structural rearrangements in three varieties of common wheatTriticum aestivum. — Theor. Appl. Genet.73: 635–645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langridge, J. B., 1987: Comparative evolution. — Cambridge University Press (submitted).

  • Lapitan, N. L. V., Gill, B. S., Sears, R. G., 1987: Genomic and phylogenetic relationships among rye and perennial species in theTriticeae. — Crop Sci.27: 682–687.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lassner, M., Anderson, O., Dvorak, J., 1987: Inferences on evolution and intergenomic homogenization of ribosomal RNA gene spacers based on the molecular structure of a clone from the D-genome of bread wheat. — Genome29: 770–781.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, T., 1974: Inheritance of a variegated foliage character in Russian wild ryegrass,Elymus junceus Fisch. — Canad. J. Genet. Cytol.16: 467–468.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Quesne, W. J., 1969: A method of selection of characters in numerical taxonomy. — Syst. Zool.18: 201–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lilienfeld, F. A., 1951: Genome-analysis inTriticum andAegilops. — Concluding review. — Cytologia16: 101–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linde-Laursen, I., von Bothmer, R., 1984: Giemsa C-banded karyotypes of two subspecies ofHordeum brevisubulatum from China. — Pl. Syst. Evol.145: 259–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, —, 1980: Giemsa C-banding in Asiatic taxa ofHordeum sectionStenostachys with notes on chromosome morphology. — Hereditas93: 234–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linder, H. P., 1987: The evolutionary history of thePoales/Restionales. — A hypothesis. — Kew Bull.42: 297–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Löve, A., 1984: Conspectus of theTriticeae. — Feddes Repert.95: 425–521.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luckow, M., Pimentel, R. A., 1985: An empirical comparison of numerical Wagner computer programs. — Cladistics1: 47–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg, J. G., 1972: Wagner networks and ancestors. — Syst. Zool.18: 1–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maddison, W. P., Donoghue, M. J., Maddison, D. R., 1984: Outgroup analysis and parsimony. — Syst. Zool.33: 83–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macfarlane, T. D., Watson, L., 1980: The circumscription ofPoaceae subfamilyPooideae, with notes on some controversial genera. — Taxon29: 645–666.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, —, 1982: The classification ofPoaceae subfamilyPooideae. — Taxon31: 178–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, C. E., Appels, R., 1987: Variability and genetics of spacer DNA sequences between the ribosomal-RNA genes of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum). — Theor. Appl. Genet.74: 617–624.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre, C. L., 1988: Variation at isozyme loci inTriticeae. — Pl. Syst. Evol.160: 123–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meacham, C. A., 1984: The role of hypothesized direction of characters in the estimation of evolutionary history. — Taxon33: 26–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melderis, A., 1953: Generic problems within the tribeHordeae. — Proc. 7th Int. Bot. Congr., 853–854.

  • Mickevich, M. F., Mitter, C., 1981: Treating polymorphic characters in systematics: a phylogenetic treatment of electrophoretic data. — InFunk, V. A., Brooks, D. R., (Eds.): Advances in cladistics1. — Proc. 1st Meet. Willi Hennig Soc., pp. 45–48. — New York: Bot. Gard.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, L. E., Dennis, E. S., Peacock, W. J., 1988: Evidence for an insertion element in wheat. — Genome (submitted).

  • Muller, J., 1981: Fossil pollen records of extant Angiosperms. — Bot. Rev.47: 1–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murai, K., Tsunewaki, K., 1987: Chloroplast genome evolution in the genusAvena. — Genetics116: 613–621.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nei, M., 1972: Genetic distance between populations. — Amer. Naturalist106: 283–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1978: Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. — Genetics89: 583–590.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nevers, P., Shepherd, N. S., Saedler, H., 1986: Plant transposable elements. — Adv. in Bot. Res.12: 103–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nevski, S. A., 1933: Agrostologitsheskie etiudi. IV. O systeme tribyHordeae. Flora i Systematika vysshchikh rastenii. — Tr. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. 1, Fasc.1: 9–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nix, H. A., 1982: Environmental determinants of biography and evolution in Terra Australis. — InBarker, W. R., Greenslade, P. J. M., (Eds.) Evolution of the flora and fauna of arid Australia, pp. 47–66. — Sth. Australia: Peacock.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orr-Weaver, T., Spradling, A., 1987: Regulation ofDrosophila chorion gene amplification. — Stadler Genet. Symp.18 (in press).

  • Palmer, J. D., 1986: Comparative organization of chloroplast genomes. — Ann. Rev. Genet.19: 325–354,

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, P., Guthrie, G., 1985: A point mutation in the conserved hexanucleotide at a yeast 5′ splice junction uncouples recognition, cleavage and ligation. — Cell41: 107–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, C., 1987: Molecules and morphology in evolution: conflict or compromise, pp. 1–21. — London: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Platnick, N. I., 1987: An empirical comparison of microcomputer parsimony programs. — Cladistics3: 117–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raven, P. H., Axelrod, D. I., 1974: Angiosperm biogeography and past continental movements. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.61: 539–673.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reanney, D., 1984: Genetic noise in evolution. — Nature307: 318–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, P., Appels, R., 1988: The measurement of variability in the structure of chromosomes from wheat and rye using molecular techniques. — Life Sciences series (in press).

  • Reed, R., Maniatis, T., 1985: Intron sequences involved in lariat formation during pre-mRNA splicing. — Cell41: 95–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, J. M., Buck, L. B., Axel, R., 1983: A structure for amplified DNA. — Cell33: 53–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, J. S., 1972: Measures of genetic similarity and genetic distance. — Univ. Tex. Publ.7213: 145–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1986: Deriving phylogenetic trees from allele frequencies: a comparison of nine genetic distances. — Syst. Zool.35: 297–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Runemark, H., Heneen, W. K., 1968:Elymus andAgropyron, a problem of generic delimitation. — Bot. Not.121: 51–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakamoto, S., 1973: Patterns of phylogenetic differentiation in the tribeTriticeae. — Seiken Ziho24: 11–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz-Sommer, Z., Gierl, A., Cuypers, H., Peterson, P. A., Saedler, H., 1985: Plant transposable elements generate the DNA sequence diversity needed in evolution. — EMBO J.4: 591–597.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scoles, G. J., Gill, B. S., Xin, Z.-Y., Clarke, B. C., McIntyre, C. L., Chapman, C., Appels, R., 1988: Frequent duplication and deletion events in the 5 S RNA genes and the associated spacer regions of theTriticeae. — Pl. Syst. Evol.160: 105–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sears, E. R., 1972: Reduced proximal crossing over in telocentric chromosomes of wheat. — Genet. Iber.24: 233–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, P. J., Kreis, M., Shewry, P. R., Gale, M. D., 1987: Location of β-amylase sequences in wheat and its relatives. — Theor. Appl. Genet.75: 286–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, R., Starlinger, P., 1987: Transposable element Ds 2 ofZea mays influences polyadenylation and splice site selection. — Mol. Gen. Genet.209: 198–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, G. P., 1976: Evolution of repeated DNA sequences by unequal crossover. — Science191: 528–535.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sneath, P. H. A., Sokal, R. R., 1973: Numerical taxonomy. — San Francisco: Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stebbins, G. L., 1956a: Taxonomy and the evolution of genera, with special reference to the familyGramineae. — Evolution10: 235–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1956b: Cytogenetics and evolution of the grass family. — Amer. J. Bot.43: 890–905.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,Crampton, B., 1961: A suggested revision of the grass genera of temperate North America. Recent advances in botany from lectures and symposia presented to the 9th International Botanical Congress, Montreal 1959. Vol.1, pp. 133–145. — Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, P. F., 1980: Evolutionary polarity of character states. — Annual Rev. Ecol. Syst.11: 33–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stutz, H. C., 1972: On the origin of cultivated rye. — Amer. J. Bot.59: 59–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanksley, S. D., 1987: Molecular mapping of plant chromosomes. — Stadler Genet. Symp.18 (in press).

  • Tateno, Y., Nei, M., Tajima, F., 1982: Accuracy of estimated phylogenetic trees from molecular data. I. Distantly related species. — J. Mol. Evol.18: 387–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tzvelev, N. N., 1976: Tribe 3.Triticeae Dum. — In:Poaceae URSS, pp. 105–206. — Leningrad: Nauka.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vedel, F., Lebacq, P., Quetier, F., 1980: Cytoplasmic DNA variation and relationships in cereal genomes. — Theor. Appl. Gen.58: 219–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waring, R. B., Towner, P., Minter, S. J., Davies, R. W., 1986: Splice-site selection bySecale (Poaceae): an isozymatic study. — Pl. Syst. Evol.157: 33–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Bothmer, R., Flink, J., Landström, T., 1986: Meiosis in interspecificHordeum hybrids. I. Diploid combinations. — Canad. J. Genet. Cytol.28: 525–535.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, —, —, 1987: Meiosis inHordeum interspecific hybrids II. Triploid hybrids. — Evol. Trends in PlantsI: 41–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter, H., 1973: Vegetation of the earth. — New York Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, R. R.-C., 1985: Genome analysis ofThinopyrum bessarabicum andT. elongatum. — Canad. J. Genet. Cytol.27: 722–728.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1986a: Diploid perennial intergeneric hybrids in the tribeTriticeae. I.Agropyron cristatum ×Pseudoroegneria libanotica andCritesion violaceum ×Psathyrostachys juncea. — Crop Sci.26: 75–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1986b: Diploid perennial intergeneric hybrids in the tribeTriticeae. II. Hybrids ofThinopyrum elongatum andPseudoroegneria spicata andCritesion violaceum. — Biol. Zentralbl.105: 361–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1987: Diploid perennial intergeneric hybrids in the tribeTriticeae. III. Hybrids amongSecale montanum, Pseudoroegneria spicata andAgropyron mongolicum. — Genome29: 80–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,Hsiao, C., 1986: Differentiation of H genomes in the genusCritesion: evidence from synthetic hybrids involvingElymus andCritesion and one natural hybrid ofC. violaceum andC. bogdanii. — Canad. J. Genet. Cytol.28: 947–953.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waring, R. B., Towner, P., Minter, S. J., Davies, R. W., 1986: Splice-site selection by a self-splicing RNA ofTetrahymena. — Nature321: 133–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watrous, L., Wheeler, Q., 1981: The outgroup method of character analysis. — Syst. Zool.30: 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, L., Dallwitz, M. J., Johnston, C. R., 1986: Grass genera of the world: 728 detailed descriptions from an automated database. — Austral. J. Bot.34: 223–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willis, J. C., 1966: A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns. 8. edn. — Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, T. R. F., MacIntyre, R., 1965: Heat stable and heat labile esterase-6F enzymes inDrosophila melanogaster produced by different est-6F alleles. — J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc.81: 17–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xin, Z.-Y., Appels, R., 1987: Occurrence of rye (Secale cereale) 350-family DNA sequences inAgropyron and otherTriticeae. — Pl. Syst. Evol.160: 65–76.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Plant Industry, CSIRO, P.O. Box 1600, 2601, Canberra, ACT, Australia

    J. G. West, C. L. McIntyre & R. Appels

Authors
  1. J. G. West
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. L. McIntyre
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. Appels
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

West, J.G., McIntyre, C.L. & Appels, R. Evolution and systematic relationships in theTriticeae (Poaceae). Pl Syst Evol 160, 1–28 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00936706

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00936706

Key words

Search

Navigation