Summary
Upon squashing of the pollen grain, the isolated generative cell ofNicotiana tabacum looses its spindle shape to become spherical; this phenomenon is independent of the sucrose concentration used. The time necessary for this change can vary from 1 min (0% sucrose) to 20 min (30% sucrose). The microtubular cytoskeleton was studied by means of immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Just after isolation, 5 to 15 clearly visible bundles in microtubules organized in a basket-like structure are present. After 15 min in medium with 15% sucrose, the microtubular cytoskeleton disappears, and a diffusely spread tubulin can be observed. Neither the addition of 10–20 μM taxol to the medium, nor the omission of Ca2+ to the medium has any effect on the changes in cell shape and loss of microtubular bundles after isolation.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- GC :
-
Generative cell
- SC :
-
sperm cell
- BK :
-
Brewbaker and Kwack
- CLSM :
-
confocal laser scanning fluorescence micros copy
References
Brewbaker JL, Kwack BH (1963) The essential role of calcium ion in pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Am J Bot 50:859–865
Cresti M, Tiezzi A (1990) Germination and pollen tube formation. In: Blackmore S, Knox RB (eds) Microspores, evolution and ontogeny. Academic Press London, pp 239–263
Cresti M, Lancelle SA, Hepler PK (1987) Structure of the generative cell wall complex after freeze substitution in pollen tubes ofNicotiana andImpatiens. J Cell Sci 88:373–378
Derksen J, Pierson ES, Traas JA (1985) Microtubules in vegetative and generative cells of pollen tubes. Eur J Cell Biol 38:142–148
Dumas C, Knox RB, McConchie CA, Russell SD (1984) Emerging physiological concepts in fertilization. What's New in Plant Physiol 15:17–20
Dustin P (1984) Microtubules. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo
Heslop-Harrison J (1987) Pollen germination and pollen-tube growth. Int Rev Cytol 107:1–78
Heslop-Harrison J, Heslop-Harrison Y, Cresti M, Tiezzi A, Moscatelli A (1988) Cytoskeletal elements, cell shaping and movement in the angiosperm pollen tube. J Cell Sci 91:49–60
Kranz E, Bautor J, Lörz H (1991a) In vitro fertilization of single, isolated gametes of maize mediated by electrofusion. Sex Plant Reprod 4:12–16
McConchie CA, Knox RB (1986) The male germ unit and prospects for biotechnology. In: Mulcahy DL, Bergamini Mulcahy G, Ottaviano E (eds) Biotechnology and ecology of pollen. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg Tokyo, pp 289–296
Raudaskoski M, Åström H, Färdig M (1986) Pollen tube cytoskeleton: immunocytochemistry and ultrastructure. J Ultrastr Res 94:285
Raudaskoski M, Åström H, Perttilla K, Virtanen I, Louhelainen J (1987) Role of the microtubule cytoskeleton in pollen tubes: an immunocytochemical and ultrastructural approach. Biol Cell 61:177–188
Russell SD (1986) Isolation of sperm cells from the pollen ofPlumbago zeylanica. Plant Physiol 81:317–319
Shiff PB, Fant J, Horwitz SB (1979) Promotion of tubulin assembly in vitro by taxol. Nature 277:665–667
Tanaka I (1988) Isolation of generative cells and their protoplasts from pollen ofLilium longiflorum. Protoplasma 142:68–73
Tiezzi A, Cresti M (1990) The cytoskeleton during pollen tube growth and sperm cell formation. In: Dale B (ed) Mechanism of fertilization: plants to humans. Nato ASI series H45, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 17–34
Tiezzi A, Cresti M, Ciampolini F (1986) Microtubules inNicotiana pollen tubes: ultrastructural, immunofluorescence and biochemical data. In: Cresti M, Dallai R (eds) Biology of reproduction and cell motility in plants and animals. University of Siena, Siena, pp 87–94
Tiezzi A, Moscatelli A, Cresti M (1988) Taxol-induced microtubules from different sources: an ultrastructural comparison. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 20:613–617
Tiezzi A, Moscatelli A, Ciampolini F, Milanesi C, Murgia M, Cresti M (1989) The cytoskeletal apparatus of the generative cell in several angiosperm species. In: Cresti M, Gori P, Pacini E (eds) Sexual reproduction in higher plants. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 215–220
Theunis CH, Van Went JL (1989) Isolation of sperm cells fromSpinacia oleracea from mature pollen. Sex Plant Reprod 2:97–102
Theunis CH, Pierson ES, Cresti M (1991) Isolation of male and female gametes in higher plants. Sex Plant Reprod 4:145–154
Yu H-S, Hu S-Y, Zhu C(1989) Ultrastructure of sperm cells and the male germ unit in pollen tubes ofNicotiana tabacum. Protoplasma 152:29–36
Zee SY, Aziz-Un-Nisa (1991) Mitosis and microtubule organizational changes in isolated generative cells ofAllemanda neriifolia. Sex Plant Reprod 4:132–137
Zhou C, Wu X-L (1990) Mass isolation and purification of generative cells from pollen grains. Acta Bot Sin 32:404–406
Zhou C, Zee SY, Yang HY (1990) Microtubule organization of in situ and isolated generative cells inZephyranthes grandiflora Lindl. Sex Plant Reprod 3:213–218
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Theunis, C.H., Pierson, E.S. & Cresti, M. The microtubule cytoskeleton and the rounding of isolated generative cells ofNicotiana tabacum . Sexual Plant Reprod 5, 64–71 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00714559
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00714559