Summary
Significant progress has been made recently in research on lepidopterous sex pheromones. Advances in understanding the biochemical, neurobiological, and behavioral events that results in both successful and unsuccessful pheromone communication have allowed researchers to gain new insights into the genetic control and evolution of phermone systems.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akers, R. P., and O'Connell, R. J., The contribution of olfactory receptor neurons to the perception of pheromone component ratios in male redbanded leafroller moths. J. comp. Physiol. A163 (1988) 641–650.
Baker, T. C., Cardé, R. T., and Roelofs, W. L., Behavioral responses of maleArgyrotaenia velutinana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to components of its sex pheromone. J. chem. Ecol.2 (1976) 333–352.
Baker, T. C., and Cardé, R. T., Analysis of pheromone-mediated behaviors in maleGrapholita molesta, the oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Envir. Ent.8 (1979) 956–968.
Baker, T. C., and Kuenen, L. P. S., Phermone source location by flying moths: a supplementary non-anemotactic mechanism. Science216 (1982) 424–427.
Baker, T. C., Willis, M. A., and Phelan, P. L., Optomotor anemotaxis polarizes self-steered zigzagging in flying moths. Physiol. Ent.9 (1984) 365–376.
Baker, T. C., Chemical control of behavior, in: Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, vol. 9, pp. 621–672. Eds G. A. Kerkut and L. S. Gilbert. Pergamon Press, Ltd., New York 1985.
Baker, T. C., Willis, M. A., Haynes, K. F., and Phelan, P. L., A pulsed cloud of pheromone elicits upwind flight in male moths. Physiol. Ent.10 (1985) 257–265.
Baker, T. C., Pheromone-modulated movements of flying moths. in: Mechanisms in insect Olfaction, pp. 39–48. Eds T. L. Payne, C. E. Kennedy and M. C. Birch. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1986.
Baker, T. C., and Haynes, K. F., Manoeuvres used by flying male oriental fruit moths to relocate a sex pheromone plume in an experimentally shifted wind-field. Physiol. Ent.12 (1987) 263–279.
Baker, T. C. and Vogt, R. G., Measured behavioural latency in response to sex-pheromone loss in the large silk mothAntheraea polyphemus. J. exp. Biol.137 (1988) 29–38.
Baker, T. C., and Haynes, K. F., Field and laboratory electroantennographic measurements of pheromone plume structure correlated with oriental fruit moth behavior. Physiol. Ent.13 (1988), in press.
Baker, T. C., Hansson, B. S., Löfstedt, C., and Löfstedt, J., Adaptation of antennal neurons in moths is associated with cessation of pheromone-mediated upwind flight. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA85 (1988) 9826–9830.
Baker, T. C., Phermones and flight behaviour. In: Insect Flight. Eds G. G. Goldsworthy and C. Wheeler. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida 1988.
Bjostad, L. B., and Roelofs, W. L., Sex phéromone biosynthesis inTrichoplusia ni: key steps involve δ11-desaturation and chain shortening. Science220 (1983) 1387–1389.
Bjostad, L. B., Linn, E., Du, J. W., and Roelofs, W. L., Identification of new sex pheromone components inTrichoplusia ni, predicted from biosynthetic precursors. J. chem. Ecol.10 (1984) 1309–1323.
Bjostad, L. B., Linn, C. E. Jr, Du, J. W., and Roelofs, W. L., Identifiation of new sex pheromone components inTrichoplusia ni, andArgyrotaenia velutinana, predicted from biosynthetic precurors, in: Semiochemicals: Flavors and Phermones, pp. 223–237. Eds T. E. Acree and D. M. Soderlund. American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C., 1985.
Bjostad, L. B., and Roelofs, W. L., Sex pheromone biosynthesis in the redbanded leafroller moth, studied by mass-labeling with stable isotopes and analysis with mass spectrometry. J. chem. Ecol.12 (1986) 431–450.
Bjostad, L. B., Wolf, W. A., and Roelofs, W. L., Pheromone biosynthesis in lepidopterans: desaturation and chain shortening, in: Pheromone Biochemistry, pp. 77–120. Eds G. D. Prestwich and G. L. Blomquist. Academic Press, New York 1987.
Boeckh, J., and Boeckh, V., Threshold odor specificity of pheromone-sensitive neurons in the deutocerebrum ofAntheraea pernyi andA. polyphemus (Saturniidae). J. comp. Physiol.132 (1979) 235–242.
Boeckh, J., and Ernst, K.-E., Olfactory food and mate recognition, in: Neuroethology and Behavioral Physiology, pp. 78–94 Eds F. Huber and H. Markl. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg 1983.
Boeckh, H., and Selsam, P., Quantitative investigation of the odour specificity of central oflactory neurones in the American cockroach. Chem. Senses9 (1984) 369–380.
Bradshaw, J. W. S., Baker, R., and Lisk, J. C., Separate orientation and releaser components in a sex pheromone. Nature304 (1983) 265–267.
Cardé, R. T., Chemo-orientation in flying insects, in: Chemical Ecology of Insects, pp. 111–124. Eds W. J. Bell and R. T. Cardé. Chapman and Hall, London and New York 1984.
Cardé, R. T., and Baker, T. C., Sexual communication with pheromones, in: Chemical Ecology of Insects, pp. 355–383. Eds W. T. Bell and R. T. Cardé, Chapman and Hall, London and New York 1984.
Cardé, R. T., and Charlton, R. E., Olfactory sexual communication in Lepidoptera: strategy, sensitivity, and selectivity. Symp. R. ent. Soc. London12 (1984) 241–265.
Christensen, T. A., and Hildebrand, J. G., Male-specific, sex pheromone-selective projection neurons in the antennal lobes of the mothManduca sexta. J. comp. Physiol. A.160 (1987) 553–569.
Christensen, T. A., and Hildebrand, J. G., Functions, organization and physiology of the olfactory pathways in the lepidopteran brain, in: Arthropod Brain: Its Evolution, Development, Structure, and Functions, pp. 457–484. Ed. A. P. Gupta. John Wiley & Sons, New York 1987.
Christensen, T. A., and Hildebrand, J. G., Frequency coding by central olfactory neurons in the sphinx mothManduca sexta. Chem. Senses13 (1988) 23–30.
Christensen, T. A., Mustaparta, H., and Hildebrand, J. G., Discrimination of sex pheromone blends in the olfactory system of the moth. Chem. Senses (1988) in press.
David, C. T., Compensation for height in the control of groundspeed byDrosophila in a new, ‘barber's pole’ wiind tunnel. J. comp. Physiol. A147 (1982), 485–493.
David, C. T., Mechanisms of directional flight in wind, in: Mechanisms in Insect Olfaction, pp. 49–57. Eds T. L. Payne, M. C. Birch and C. Kennedy. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1986.
David, C. T., and Kennedy, J. S., The steering of zigzagging flight by male gypsy moths. Naturwissenschaften74 (1987) 194–195.
Dethier, V. G., A surfeit of stimuli: A paucity of receptors. Am. Sci.59 (1975) 706–715.
Hansson, B. S., and Löfstedt, C., Inheritance of olfactory response of sex pheromone components inOstrinia nubilalis, in: Reproductive Isolation by Sex Pheromones in some Moth Species, pp. 53–57. Ph.D. Thesis, B. S. Hansson. Lund University, Lund, Sweden 1988.
Haynes, K. F., and Baker, T. C., An Analysis of anemotactic flight in female moths stimulated by host odour and comparison to the males' response to sex pheromone. Physiol. Ent.14 (1989) in press.
Hildebrand, J. G., and Montague, R. A., Functional organization of olfactory pathways in the central nervous system ofManduca sexta. in: Mechanisms in Insect Olfaction, pp. 279–285. Eds T. L. Payne, M. C. Birch and C. E. J. Kennedy. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1986.
Howse, P. E., Lisk, J. C., and Bradshaw, J. W. S., The role of pheromones in the control of behavioural sequences in insects, in: Mechanisms in Insect Olfaction, pp. 157–162. Eds T. L. Payne, M. C. Birch and C. E. J. Kennedy. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1986.
Jones, I. G., and Berger, R. S., Incorporatio of [1-14C] acetate into cis-7-dodecenyl acetate, a sex pheromone in the cabbage looper. Envir. Ent.7 (1978) 666–669.
Kaissling, K.-E., Sensory transduction in insect olfactory receptors, in: Biochemistry of Sensory Functions, pp. 243–273. Ed. L. Jaenicke. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 1974.
Kaissling, K.-E., Chemo-electrical transduction in insect olfactory receptors. A. Rev. Neurosci.9 (1986) 121–145.
Kaissling, K.-E., R. H. Wright Lectures on Insect Olfaction. Ed. K. Colbow. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B. C., Canada 1987.
Kennedy, J. S., The visual responses of flying mosquitoes. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. A109 (1940) 221–242.
Kennedy, J. S., and Marsh, D., Pheromone-regulated anemotaxis in flying moths. Science184 (1974) 999–1101.
Kennedy, J. S., Olfactory responses to distant plants and other odor sources, in: Chemical Control of Insect Behavior: Theory and Application, pp. 67–91. Eds H. H. Shorey and J. J. McKelvey Jr. Wiley Intersciences, New York 1977.
Kennedy, J. S., The concepts of olfactory ‘arrestment’ and ‘attraction’. Physiol. Ent.3 (1978) 91–98.
Kennedy, J. S., Lodlow, A. R., and Sanders, C. J., Guidance system used in moth sex attraction. Nature295 (1980) 475–477.
Kennedy, J. S., Ludlow, A. R., and Sanders, C. J., Guidance of flying male moths by wind-borne sex pheromone. Physiol. Ent.6 (1981) 395–412.
Kennedy, J. S., Mechanism of moth sex attraction: a modified view based on wind-tunnel experiments with flying maleAdoxophyes. Coll. INRA7 (1982) 189–192.
Kennedy, J. S., Zigzagging and casting as a response to windborne odour: a review. Physiol. Ent.8 (1983) 109–120.
Kennedy, J. S.: Some current issues in orientation to odour sources, in: Mechanisms in Insect Olfaction, pp. 11–25. Eds. T. L. Payne, M. C. Birch and C. Kennedy. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1986.
Klun, J. A., et al., Insect sex pheromones: Interspecific pheromonal variability ofOstrinia nubilalis in North America and Europe. Envir. Ent.41 (1975) 891–894.
Klun, J. A., and Maini, S., Genetic basis of an insect chemical communication system: the European cornborer. Envir. Ent.8 (1979) 423–426.
Klun, J. A., Bierl-Leonhardt, B. A., Plimmer, J. R., Sparks, A. N., Primiani, M., Chapman, O. L., Lepone, G. and Lee, G. H., Sex pheromone chemistry of the female tobacco budworm moth,Heliothis virescens.J. chem. Ecol.6 (1980) 177–183.
Klun, J. A., Plimmer, J. R., Bierl-Leonhardt, B. A., Sparks, A. N., Primiani, M., Chapman, O. L., Lee, G. H., and Lepone, G., Sex pheromone chemistry of the female corn earworm moth,Heliothis zea. J. chem. Ecol.6 (1980) 165–175.
Kuenen, L. P. S., and Baker, T. C., A non-anemotactic mechanism used in pheromone source location by flying moths. Physiol. Ent.8 (1983) 277–289.
Light, D. M., Central integration of sensory signals: an exploration of processing of pheromonal and multimodal information in lepidopteran brains, in: Mechanisms in Insect Olfaction, pp. 287–301. Eds T. L. Payne, M. C. Birch and C.E. J. Kennedy. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1986.
Linn, C. E., Jr., Campbell, M. G., and Roelofs, W. L., Male moth sensitivity to multicomponent pheromone: critical role of female-released blend in determining the functional role of components and active space of the pheromone. J. chem. Ecol.12 (1986) 659–668.
Linn, C. E. Jr, Campbell, M. G., and Roelofs, W. L., Pheromone components and active spaces: what do moths smell and where do they smell it? Science237 (1987) 650–652.
Linn, C. E. Jr, Campbell, M. G., and Roelofs, W. L., Temperature modulation of behavioural thresholds controlling male moth sex phermone response specificity. Physiol. Ent.13 (1988) 59–67.
Löfstedt, C., Linn, C. E. Jr, and Löfqvist, J., Behavioral responses of male turnip moths,Agrotis segetum, to sex pheromone in a flight tunnel and in the field. J. chem. Ecol.11 (1985) 1209–1221.
Löfstedt, C., and Bengtsson, M., Sex pheromone biosynthesis of (E,E)-8-10-dodecadienol in codling mothCydia pomonella involves E9-desaturation. J. chem. Ecol.14 (1988) 903–915.
Marsh, D., Kennedy, J. S., and Ludlow, A. R., An analysis of anemotactic zigzagging flight in male moths stimulated by pheromone. Physiol. Ent.3 (1978) 221–240.
Marsh, D., Kennedy, J. S., and Ludlow, A. R., Analysis of zigzagging flight in moths: a correction. Physiol. Ent.6 (1981) 225.
McNeil, J. N., The true armyworm.Pseudaletia unipuncta: a victim of the pied piper or a seasonal migrant? Insect Sci. appl.8 (1987) 591–597.
Menzel, R., Erber, J., and Masur, B., Learning and memory in the honeybee, in: Insect Behavior, pp. 195–217. Ed. L. Barton Browne. Springer Verlag, New York 1974.
Murlis, J., and Jones, C. D., Fine-scale structure of odour plumes in relation to insect orientation to distant pheromone and other attractant sources. Physiol. Ent.6 (1981) 71–86.
Murlis, J., The structure of odour plumes, in: Mechanisms in Insect Olfaction, pp. 27–38. Eds T. L. Payne, M. C. Birch and C. E. J. Kennedy. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1986.
Nakamura, K., and Kawasaki, F., The active space ofSpodoptera litura (F.) sex pheromone and the pheromone component determining this space. Appl. Ent. Zool.12 (1977) 162–177.
Nakamura, K., Effect of the minor component of the sex pheromone on the male orientation to pheromone source inSpodoptera litura (F.). Chem. Rev. Insect (Russia)4 (1979) 153–156.
O'Connell, R. J., Responses of olfactory receptors to the sex attractant, its synergist and inhibitor in the redbanded leafroller, in: Olfaction and Taste IV, pp. 180–186. Ed. D. Schneider. Wissenschaftl Verlagsges., Stuttgart 1972.
O'Connell, R. J., Olfactory receptor responses to sex pheromone components in the redbanded leafroller moth. J. gen. Physiol.65 (1975) 179–205.
O'Connell, R. J., Electrophysiological responses to pheromone blends in single olfactory receptor neurones, in: Mechanisms in InsectOlfaction, pp. 217–224. Eds. T. L. Payne, M. C. Birch and C. E. J. Kennedy. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1986.
O'Connell, R. J., Beauchamp, J. T., and Grant Alan J. Insect olfactory responses to components of pheromone blends. J. chem. Ecol.12 (1986) 451–467.
Olberg, R. M., Pheromone-triggered flip-flopping interneurones in the ventral nerve cord of the silkworm moth,Bombyx mori. J. comp. Physiol.152 (1983) 297–307.
Preiss, R., and Kramer, E., Stabilization of altitude and speed in tethered flying gypsy moth males: influence of (+) and (-) disparlure. Physiol. Ent.8 (1983) 55–68.
Preiss, R., and Kramer, E., Mechanism of pheromone orientation in flying moths. Naturwissenschaften73 (1986) 555–557.
Ridgway, R., Silverstein, R. M., and Inscoe, M., Practical Applications of Insect Pheromones and Other Attractants. Marcel Dekker, New York (1988) in press.
Roelofs, W., Hill, A., and Cardé, R., Sex pheromone components of the redbanded leafroller,Argyrotaenia velutinana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J. chem. Ecol.1 (1975) 83–89.
Roelofs, W. L., and Cardé, R. T., Responses of Lepidoptera to synthetic sex pheromone chemicals and their analogues. A. Rev. Ent.22 (1977) 377–405.
Roelofs, W. L., and Brown, R. L., Pheromones and evolutionary relationships of Tortricidae. A. Rev. ecol. Syst.13 (1982) 395–422.
Roelofs, W., Glover, T., Tang, X.-H., Sreng, I., Robbins, P., Eckenrode, C. Löfstedt, C., Hansson, B. S., and Bengtsson, B. O., Sex pheromone production and perception in European cornborer moths is determined by both autosomal and sex-linked genes. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA84 (1987) 7585–7589.
Rumbo, E. R., Differences between single cell responses to different components of the sex pheromone in males of the light-brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana). Physiol. Ent.8 (1983) 195–201.
Tamaki, Y., Sex pheromones, in: Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, vol. 9, pp. 145–191. Eds G. A. Kerkut and L. S. Gilbert. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1985.
Teal, P. E. A., and Tumlinson, J. H., Terminal steps in pheromone biosynthesis byHeliothis virescens andH. zea. J. chem. Ecol.12 (1986) 353–366.
Teal, P. E. A., Tumlinson, J. H., and Heath, R. R., Chemical and behavioral analyses of volatile sex pheromone components released by callingHeliothis virescens (F.) females (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. chem.Ecol.12 (1986) 107–126.
Van Der Pers, J. N. C., and Löfstedt, C., Signal-response relationship in sex pheromone communication, in: Mechanisms in Insect Olfaction, pp. 235–241. Eds. T. I. Payne, M. C. Birch and C. E. J. Kennedy. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1986.
Vetter, R. S., and Baker, T. C., Behavioral responses ofHeliothis virescens in a sustained-flight tunnel to combinations of the seven compounds identified from the female sex pheromone gland. J. chem. Ecol.9 (1983) 747–759.
Vogt, R. G., and Riddiford, L. M., Pheromone deactivation by antennal proteins of Lepidoptera, in: Regulation of Insect Development and Behaviour, pp. 955–967. Eds F. Sehnal, A. Zabza, J. J. Menn and B. Cymborowski. Polytechnical University of Wroclaw Press, Wroclaw 1981a.
Vogt, R. G., Riddiford, L. M., and Prestwich, G. D., The kinetic properties of a pheromone degrading enzyme: the sensillar esterase ofAntheraea polyphemus. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA82 (1985) 8827–8831.
Vogt, R. G., and Riddiford, L. M., Pheromone reception, a kinetic equilibrium, in: Mechanisms in Insect Olfaction, pp. 201–208. Eds T. L. Payne, M. C. Birch and C. E. J. Kennedy. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1986.
Vogt, R. G., The molecular basis of pheromone reception: its influence on behavior, in: Pheromone Biochemistry, pp. 385–383. Eds G. D. Prestwich and G. L. Blomquist. Academic Press, New York 1987.
Willis, M. A., and Baker, T. C., Effects of intermittent and continuous pheromone stimulation on the flight behaviour of the oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta. Physiol. Ent.9 (1983) 341–358.
Willis, M. A., and Baker, T. C., Comparison of manoeuvres used by walking versus flyingGrapholita molesta males during pheromone-mediated upwind movement. J. Insect Physiol.33 (1987) 875–883.
Wolf, W. A., and Roelofs, W. L., Properties of the Δ11-desaturase enzyme used in cabbage looper moth sex pheromone biosynthesis. Archs Insect Biochem. Physiol.3 (1986) 45–52.
Wright, R. H., The olfactory guidance of flying insects. Can. Ent.90 (1958) 81–89.
Zeki, S., Colour-coded brain cells. Nature284 (1980) 412–418.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Baker, T.C. Sex pheromone communication in the lepidoptera: New research progress. Experientia 45, 248–262 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01951811
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01951811