Journal Description
Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials
is an international, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal, published semimonthly online by MDPI. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications, and short notes that are relevant to any field of study that involves nanomaterials, with respect to their science and application. The Spanish Carbon Group (GEC) is affiliated with Nanomaterials and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Physics, Applied) / CiteScore - Q1 (General Chemical Engineering)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 13.6 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Companion journals for Nanomaterials include: Nanomanufacturing and Applied Nano.
Impact Factor:
5.3 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
5.4 (2022)
Latest Articles
Detection and Identification of Pesticides in Fruits Coupling to an Au–Au Nanorod Array SERS Substrate and RF-1D-CNN Model Analysis
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 717; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080717 (registering DOI) - 19 Apr 2024
Abstract
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In this research, a method was developed for fabricating Au–Au nanorod array substrates through the deposition of large-area Au nanostructures on an Au nanorod array using a galvanic cell reaction. The incorporation of a granular structure enhanced both the number and intensity of
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In this research, a method was developed for fabricating Au–Au nanorod array substrates through the deposition of large-area Au nanostructures on an Au nanorod array using a galvanic cell reaction. The incorporation of a granular structure enhanced both the number and intensity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) hot spots on the substrate, thereby elevating the SERS performance beyond that of substrates composed solely of an Au nanorod. Calculations using the finite difference time domain method confirmed the generation of a strong electromagnetic field around the nanoparticles. Motivated by the electromotive force, Au ions in the chloroauric acid solution were reduced to form nanostructures on the nanorod array. The size and distribution density of these granular nanostructures could be modulated by varying the reaction time and the concentration of chloroauric acid. The resulting Au–Au nanorod array substrate exhibited an active, uniform, and reproducible SERS effect. With 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene as the probe molecule, the detection sensitivity of the Au–Au nanorod array substrate was enhanced to 10−11 M, improving by five orders of magnitude over the substrate consisting only of an Au nanorod array. For a practical application, this substrate was utilized for the detection of pesticides, including thiram, thiabendazole, carbendazim, and phosmet, within the concentration range of 10−4 to 5 × 10−7 M. An analytical model combining a random forest and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network, referring to the important variable-one-dimensional convolutional neural network model, was developed for the precise identification of thiram. This approach demonstrated significant potential for biochemical sensing and rapid on-site identification.
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Open AccessArticle
Synthesis and Characterization of MnIn2S4/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites as an Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
by
Pei-Jun Wu, Chia-Hung Huang, Chien-Te Hsieh and Wei-Ren Liu
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 716; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080716 (registering DOI) - 19 Apr 2024
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a transition metal sulfide (TMS) with a spinel structure, i.e., MnIn2S4 (MIS), using a two-step hydrothermal and sintering process. In the context of lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications, ternary TMSs are being considered as interesting options
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In this study, we synthesized a transition metal sulfide (TMS) with a spinel structure, i.e., MnIn2S4 (MIS), using a two-step hydrothermal and sintering process. In the context of lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications, ternary TMSs are being considered as interesting options for anode materials. This consideration arises from their notable attributes, including high theoretical capacity, excellent cycle stability, and cost-effectiveness. However, dramatic volume changes result in the electrochemical performance being severely limited, so we introduced single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and prepared an MIS/SWCNT composite to enhance the structural stability and electronic conductivity. The synthesized MIS/SWCNT composite exhibits better cycle performance than bare MIS. Undergoing 100 cycles, MIS only yields a reversible capacity of 117 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g. However, the MIS/SWCNT composite exhibits a reversible capacity as high as 536 mAh/g after 100 cycles. Moreover, the MIS/SWCNT composite shows a better rate capability. The current density increases with cycling, and the SWCNT composite exhibits high reversible capacities of 232 and 102 mAh/g at 2 A/g and 5 A/g, respectively. Under the same conditions, pristine MIS can only deliver reversible capacities of 21 and 4 mAh/g. The results indicate that MIS/SWCNT composites are promising anode materials for LIBs.
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(This article belongs to the Section Energy and Catalysis)
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Open AccessArticle
Full-Color Imaging System Based on the Joint Integration of a Metalens and Neural Network
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Shuling Hu, Ruixue Shi, Bin Wang, Yuan Wei, Binzhi Qi and Peng Zhou
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 715; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080715 (registering DOI) - 19 Apr 2024
Abstract
Lenses have been a cornerstone of optical systems for centuries; however, they are inherently limited by the laws of physics, particularly in terms of size and weight. Because of their characteristic light weight, small size, and subwavelength modulation, metalenses have the potential to
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Lenses have been a cornerstone of optical systems for centuries; however, they are inherently limited by the laws of physics, particularly in terms of size and weight. Because of their characteristic light weight, small size, and subwavelength modulation, metalenses have the potential to miniaturize and integrate imaging systems. However, metalenses still face the problem that chromatic aberration affects the clarity and accuracy of images. A high-quality image system based on the end-to-end joint optimization of a neural network and an achromatic metalens is demonstrated in this paper. In the multi-scale encoder–decoder network, both the phase characteristics of the metalens and the hyperparameters of the neural network are optimized to obtain high-resolution images. The average peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and average structure similarity (SSIM) of the recovered images reach 28.53 and 0.83. This method enables full-color and high-performance imaging in the visible band. Our approach holds promise for a wide range of applications, including medical imaging, remote sensing, and consumer electronics.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nanomaterials for Optoelectronics: Second Edition)
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Open AccessArticle
Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Hydroxyl and Epoxy Group Effects on Graphene Oxide Properties
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Ximena Jaramillo-Fierro and Guisella Cuenca
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 714; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080714 - 19 Apr 2024
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the impact of hydroxyl and epoxy groups on the properties of graphene oxide (GO) for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye from water, addressing the urgent need for effective water purification methods due to industrial pollution. Employing
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In this study, we analyzed the impact of hydroxyl and epoxy groups on the properties of graphene oxide (GO) for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye from water, addressing the urgent need for effective water purification methods due to industrial pollution. Employing a dual approach, we integrated experimental techniques with theoretical modeling via density functional theory (DFT) to examine the atomic structure of GO and its adsorption capabilities. The methodology encompasses a series of experiments to evaluate the performance of GO in MB dye adsorption under different conditions, including differences in pH, dye concentration, reaction temperature, and contact time, providing a comprehensive view of its effectiveness. Theoretical DFT calculations provide insights into how hydroxyl and epoxy modifications alter the electronic properties of GO, improving adsorption efficiency. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in the dye adsorption capacity of GO, attributed to the interaction between the functional groups and MB molecules. This study not only confirms the potential of GO as a superior adsorbent for water treatment, but also contributes to the optimization of GO-based materials for environmental remediation, highlighting the synergy between experimental observations and theoretical predictions in advances in materials science to improve sustainability.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation, Characterization, Properties, Simulation, and Applications of Nanostructured Materials)
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Open AccessArticle
Graphene-Tuned, Tightly Coupled Hybrid Plasmonic Meta-Atoms
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Kai Chen, Ke Li, Yiming Wang, Zihao Zhang, Yanpeng Shi, Aimin Song and Yifei Zhang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 713; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080713 - 19 Apr 2024
Abstract
Tightly coupled meta-atoms (TCMAs) are densely packed metamaterials with unnatural refractive indexes. Actively modulated TCMAs with tunable optical properties have found many applications in beam shaping, holography, and enhanced light–matter interactions. Typically, TCMAs are studied in the classic Bloch theory. Here, tightly coupled
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Tightly coupled meta-atoms (TCMAs) are densely packed metamaterials with unnatural refractive indexes. Actively modulated TCMAs with tunable optical properties have found many applications in beam shaping, holography, and enhanced light–matter interactions. Typically, TCMAs are studied in the classic Bloch theory. Here, tightly coupled H-shaped meta-atoms are proposed with an ultra-high permittivity of ~6000, and their active modulation with graphene is designed by using the tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA) theory. The H-shaped meta-atoms are used as dipole arms, and the graphene strips function as the dipole loads. By tuning the chemical potential of graphene, the resonant amplitude, frequency, and permittivity are dynamically modulated. The simulations indicate that the real and imaginary parts of permittivity change from 6854 to 1522 and from 7356 to 2870, respectively. The experimental validation demonstrates a modulation depth of 11.6% in the resonant frequency, i.e., from 219.4 to 195 GHz, and a substantial 52.5% modulation depth in transmittance under a bias voltage of less than 1.5 V.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Terahertz Technology Applications)
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Open AccessEditorial
Advances in Nano-Electrochemical Materials and Devices
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Mei Wang, Xuyuan Chen and Nabin Aryal
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 712; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080712 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
Nano-electrochemical materials and devices are at the frontier of research and development, advancing electrochemistry and its applications in energy storage, sensing, electrochemical processing, etc [...]
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nano-Electrochemical Materials and Devices)
Open AccessArticle
Dependence of the Structural and Magnetic Properties on the Growth Sequence in Heterostructures Designed by YbFeO3 and BaFe12O19
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Sondes Bauer, Berkin Nergis, Xiaowei Jin, Reinhard Schneider, Di Wang, Christian Kübel, Petr Machovec, Lukas Horak, Vaclav Holy, Klaus Seemann, Tilo Baumbach and Sven Ulrich
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 711; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080711 (registering DOI) - 18 Apr 2024
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The structure and the chemical composition of individual layers as well as of interfaces belonging to the two heterostructures M1 (BaFe12O19/YbFeO3/YSZ) and M2 (YbFeO3/BaFe12O19/YSZ) grown by pulsed laser deposition on yttria-stabilized
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The structure and the chemical composition of individual layers as well as of interfaces belonging to the two heterostructures M1 (BaFe12O19/YbFeO3/YSZ) and M2 (YbFeO3/BaFe12O19/YSZ) grown by pulsed laser deposition on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates are deeply characterized by using a combination of methods such as high-resolution X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic-resolution scanning TEM with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The temperature-dependent magnetic properties demonstrate two distinct heterostructures with different coercivity, anisotropy fields, and first anisotropy constants, which are related to the defect concentrations within the individual layers and to the degree of intermixing at the interface. The heterostructure with the stacking order BaFe12O19/YbFeO3, i.e., M1, exhibits a distinctive interface without any chemical intermixture, while an Fe-rich crystalline phase is observed in M2 both in atomic-resolution EDX maps and in mass density profiles. Additionally, M1 shows high c-axis orientation, which induces a higher anisotropy constant K1 as well as a larger coercivity due to a high number of phase boundaries. Despite the existence of a canted antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic combination (T < 140 K), both heterostructures M1 and M2 do not reveal any detectable exchange bias at T = 50 K. Additionally, compressive residual strain on the BaM layer is found to be suppressing the ferromagnetism, thus reducing the Curie temperature (Tc) in the case of M1. These findings suggest that M1 (BaFe12O19/YbFeO3/YSZ) is suitable for magnetic storage applications.
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Open AccessArticle
Suppression of Root Rot Fungal Diseases in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) through the Application of Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles
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Ezzeldin Ibrahim, Abdelmonim Ali Ahmad, El-Sayed Abdo, Mohamed Ahmed Bakr, Mohamed Ali Khalil, Yasmine Abdallah, Solabomi Olaitan Ogunyemi, Mohamed Mohany, Salim S. Al-Rejaie, Linfei Shou, Bin Li and Anwar A. Galal
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 710; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080710 - 18 Apr 2024
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The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts has become a safe replacement for conventional chemical synthesis methods to fight plant pathogens. In this study, the antifungal activity of biosynthesized AgNPs was evaluated both in vitro and under greenhouse conditions against root
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The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts has become a safe replacement for conventional chemical synthesis methods to fight plant pathogens. In this study, the antifungal activity of biosynthesized AgNPs was evaluated both in vitro and under greenhouse conditions against root rot fungi of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), including Macrophomina phaseolina, Pythium graminicola, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium rolfsii. Among the eleven biosynthesized AgNPs, those synthesized using Alhagi graecorum plant extract displayed the highest efficacy in suppressing those fungi. The findings showed that using AgNPs made with A. graecorum at a concentration of 100 μg/mL greatly slowed down the growth of mycelium for R. solani, P. graminicola, S. rolfsii, and M. phaseolina by 92.60%, 94.44%, 75.93%, and 79.63%, respectively. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (75 μg/mL) of AgNPs synthesized by A. graecorum was very effective against all of these fungi, lowering the pre-emergence damping-off, post-emergence damping-off, and disease percent and severity in vitro and greenhouse conditions. Additionally, the treatment with AgNPs led to increased root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, and vigor index of bean seedlings compared to the control group. The synthesis of nanoparticles using A. graecorum was confirmed using various physicochemical techniques, including UV spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Collectively, the findings of this study highlight the potential of AgNPs as an effective and environmentally sustainable approach for controlling root rot fungi in beans.
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Open AccessArticle
On-Chip Broadband, Compact TM Mode Mach–Zehnder Optical Isolator Based on InP-on-Insulator Platforms
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Wan-Ting Chen, Li Liu, Jia Zhao and Chen Zhang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 709; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080709 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
An integrated optical isolator is a crucial part of photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Existing optical isolators, predominantly based on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, face challenges in integrating with active devices. We propose a broadband, compact TM mode Mach–Zehnder optical isolator based on InP-on-insulator
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An integrated optical isolator is a crucial part of photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Existing optical isolators, predominantly based on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, face challenges in integrating with active devices. We propose a broadband, compact TM mode Mach–Zehnder optical isolator based on InP-on-insulator platforms. We designed two distinct magneto-optical waveguide structures, employing different methods for bonding Ce:YIG and InP, namely O2 plasma surface activation direct wafer bonding and DVS-benzocyclobutene (BCB) adhesive bonding. Detailed calculations and optimizations were conducted to enhance their non-reciprocal phase shift (NRPS). At a wavelength of 1550 nm, the direct-bonded waveguide structure achieved a 30 dB bandwidth of 72 nm with a length difference of 0.256 µm. The effects of waveguide arm length, fabrication accuracy, and dimensional errors on the device performance are discussed. Additionally, manufacturing tolerances for three types of lithographic processes were calculated, serving as references for practical manufacturing purposes.
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Open AccessArticle
Nanocrystalline Cubic Phase Scandium-Stabilized Zirconia Thin Films
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Victor Danchuk, Mykola Shatalov, Michael Zinigrad, Alexey Kossenko, Tamara Brider, Luc Le, Dustin Johnson, Yuri M. Strzhemechny and Albina Musin
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 708; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080708 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
The cubic zirconia (ZrO2) is attractive for a broad range of applications. However, at room temperature, the cubic phase needs to be stabilized. The most studied stabilization method is the addition of the oxides of trivalent metals, such as Sc2
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The cubic zirconia (ZrO2) is attractive for a broad range of applications. However, at room temperature, the cubic phase needs to be stabilized. The most studied stabilization method is the addition of the oxides of trivalent metals, such as Sc2O3. Another method is the stabilization of the cubic phase in nanostructures—nanopowders or nanocrystallites of pure zirconia. We studied the relationship between the size factor and the dopant concentration range for the formation and stabilization of the cubic phase in scandium-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) films. The thin films of (ZrO2)1−x(Sc2O3)x, with x from 0 to 0.2, were deposited on room-temperature substrates by reactive direct current magnetron co-sputtering. The crystal structure of films with an average crystallite size of 85 Å was cubic at Sc2O3 content from 6.5 to 17.5 mol%, which is much broader than the range of 8–12 mol.% of the conventional deposition methods. The sputtering of ScSZ films on hot substrates resulted in a doubling of crystallite size and a decrease in the cubic phase range to 7.4–11 mol% of Sc2O3 content. This confirmed that the size of crystallites is one of the determining factors for expanding the concentration range for forming and stabilizing the cubic phase of ScSZ films.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanoscale Materials and (Flexible) Devices)
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Open AccessArticle
Pump-Driven Opto-Magnetic Properties in Semiconducting Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides: An Analytical Model
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Habib Rostami, Federico Cilento and Emmanuele Cappelluti
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 707; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080707 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
Single-layer transition-metal dichalcogenides provide an unique intrinsic entanglement between the spin/valley/orbital degrees of freedom and the polarization of scattered photons. This scenario gives rise to the well-assessed optical dichroism observed by using both steady and time-resolved probes. In this paper, we provide compact
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Single-layer transition-metal dichalcogenides provide an unique intrinsic entanglement between the spin/valley/orbital degrees of freedom and the polarization of scattered photons. This scenario gives rise to the well-assessed optical dichroism observed by using both steady and time-resolved probes. In this paper, we provide compact analytical modeling of the onset of a finite Faraday/Kerr optical rotation upon shining with circularly polarized light. We identify different optical features displaying optical rotation at different characteristic energies, and we describe in an analytical framework the time-dependence of their intensities as a consequence of the main spin-conserving and spin-flip processes.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Superconductivity and Magnetism in Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials)
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Open AccessArticle
An Electroanalytical Enzymeless α-Fe2O3-ZnO Hybrid Nanostructure-Based Sensor for Sensitive Quantification of Nitrite Ions
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Rafiq Ahmad, Abdullah, Md. Tabish Rehman, Mohamed F. AlAjmi, Shamshad Alam, Kiesar Sideeq Bhat, Prabhash Mishra and Byeong-Il Lee
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 706; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080706 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
Nitrite monitoring serves as a fundamental practice for protecting public health, preserving environmental quality, ensuring food safety, maintaining industrial safety standards, and optimizing agricultural practices. Although many nitrite sensing methods have been recently developed, the quantification of nitrite remains challenging due to sensitivity
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Nitrite monitoring serves as a fundamental practice for protecting public health, preserving environmental quality, ensuring food safety, maintaining industrial safety standards, and optimizing agricultural practices. Although many nitrite sensing methods have been recently developed, the quantification of nitrite remains challenging due to sensitivity and selectivity limitations. In this context, we present the fabrication of enzymeless iron oxide nanoparticle-modified zinc oxide nanorod (α-Fe2O3-ZnO NR) hybrid nanostructure-based nitrite sensor fabrication. The α-Fe2O3-ZnO NR hybrid nanostructure was synthesized using a two-step hydrothermal method and characterized in detail utilizing x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These analyses confirm the successful synthesis of an α-Fe2O3-ZnO NR hybrid nanostructure, highlighting its morphology, purity, crystallinity, and elemental constituents. The α-Fe2O3-ZnO NR hybrid nanostructure was used to modify the SPCE (screen-printed carbon electrode) for enzymeless nitrite sensor fabrication. The voltammetric methods (i.e., cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)) were employed to explore the electrochemical characteristics of α-Fe2O3-ZnO NR/SPCE sensors for nitrite. Upon examination of the sensor’s electrochemical behavior across a range of nitrite concentrations (0 to 500 µM), it is evident that the α-Fe2O3-ZnO NR hybrid nanostructure shows an increased response with increasing nitrite concentration. The sensor demonstrates a linear response to nitrite concentrations up to 400 µM, a remarkable sensitivity of 18.10 µA µM−1 cm−2, and a notably low detection threshold of 0.16 µM. Furthermore, its exceptional selectivity, stability, and reproducibility make it an ideal tool for accurately measuring nitrite levels in serum, yielding reliable outcomes. This advancement heralds a significant step forward in the field of environmental monitoring, offering a potent solution for the precise assessment of nitrite pollution.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Nanomaterials for Sensing and Detection (2nd Edition))
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The Mechanism of Manipulating Chirality and Chiral Sensing Based on Chiral Plexcitons in a Strong-Coupling Regime
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Xiongyu Liang, Kun Liang, Xuyan Deng, Chengmao He, Peng Zhou, Junqiang Li, Jianyu Qin, Lei Jin and Li Yu
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 705; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080705 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
Manipulating plasmonic chirality has shown promising applications in nanophotonics, stereochemistry, chirality sensing, and biomedicine. However, to reconfigure plasmonic chirality, the strategy of constructing chiral plasmonic systems with a tunable morphology is cumbersome and complicated to apply for integrated devices. Here, we present a
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Manipulating plasmonic chirality has shown promising applications in nanophotonics, stereochemistry, chirality sensing, and biomedicine. However, to reconfigure plasmonic chirality, the strategy of constructing chiral plasmonic systems with a tunable morphology is cumbersome and complicated to apply for integrated devices. Here, we present a simple and effective method that can also manipulate chirality and control chiral light–matter interactions only via strong coupling between chiral plasmonic nanoparticles and excitons. This paper presents a chiral plexcitonic system consisting of L-shaped nanorod dimers and achiral molecule excitons. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra in our strong-coupling system can be calculated by finite element method simulations. We found that the formation of the chiral plexcitons can significantly modulate the CD spectra, including the appearance of new hybridized peaks, double Rabi splitting, and bisignate anti-crossing behaviors. This phenomenon can be explained by our extended coupled-mode theory. Moreover, we explored the applications of this method in enantiomer ratio sensing by using the properties of the CD spectra. We found a strong linear dependence of the CD spectra on the enantiomer ratio. Our work provides a facile and efficient method to modulate the chirality of nanosystems, deepens our understanding of chiral plexcitons in nanosystems, and facilitates the development of chiral devices and chiral sensing.
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(This article belongs to the Section Nanophotonics Materials and Devices)
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Open AccessArticle
Strain-Induced Ferromagnetism in Monolayer T″-Phase VTe2: Unveiling Magnetic States and Anisotropy for Spintronics Advancement
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Xiaoting Tang, Jun Zhou, Nancy Lai Mun Wong, Jianwei Chai, Yi Liu, Shijie Wang and Xiaohe Song
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 704; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080704 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnets have attracted significant interest for their potential in spintronic device miniaturization, especially since the discovery of ferromagnetic ordering in monolayer materials such as CrI3 and Fe3GeTe2 in 2017. This study presents a detailed investigation into the
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Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnets have attracted significant interest for their potential in spintronic device miniaturization, especially since the discovery of ferromagnetic ordering in monolayer materials such as CrI3 and Fe3GeTe2 in 2017. This study presents a detailed investigation into the effects of the Hubbard U parameter, biaxial strain, and structural distortions on the magnetic characteristics of T″-phase VTe2. We demonstrate that setting the Hubbard U to 0 eV provides an accurate representation of the observed structural, magnetic, and electronic features for both bulk and monolayer T″-phase VTe2. The application of strain reveals two distinct ferromagnetic states in the monolayer T″-phase VTe2, each characterized by minor structural differences, but notably different magnetic moments. The T″-1 state, with reduced magnetic moments, emerges under compressive strain, while the T″-2 state, featuring increased magnetic moments, develops under tensile strain. Our analysis also compares the magnetic anisotropy between the T and T″ phases of VTe2, highlighting that the periodic lattice distortion in the T″-phase induces an in-plane anisotropy, which makes it a material with an easy-axis of magnetization. Monte Carlo simulations corroborate our findings, indicating a high Curie temperature of approximately 191 K for the T″-phase VTe2. Our research not only sheds light on the critical aspects of the VTe2 system but also suggests new pathways for enhancing low-dimensional magnetism, contributing to the advancement of spintronics and straintronics.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Two-Dimensional Semiconductors and Magnetic Materials for Next-Generation Spintronics)
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Open AccessArticle
The Influence Mechanism of Quantum Well Growth and Annealing Temperature on In Migration and Stress Modulation Behavior
by
Luyi Yan, Feng Liang, Jing Yang, Ping Chen, Desheng Jiang and Degang Zhao
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 703; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080703 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
This study explores the effects of growth temperature of InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) layers on indium migration, structural quality, and luminescence properties. It is found that within a specific range, the growth temperature can control the efficiency of In incorporation into QWs and
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This study explores the effects of growth temperature of InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) layers on indium migration, structural quality, and luminescence properties. It is found that within a specific range, the growth temperature can control the efficiency of In incorporation into QWs and strain energy accumulated in the QW structure, modulating the luminescence efficiency. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (TDPL) measurements revealed a more pronounced localized state effect in QW samples grown at higher temperatures. Moreover, a too high annealing temperature will enhance indium migration, leading to an increased density of non-radiative recombination centers and a more pronounced quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE), thereby reducing luminescence intensity. These findings highlight the critical role of thermal management in optimizing the performance of InGaN/GaN MQWs in LEDs and other photoelectronic devices.
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(This article belongs to the Topic Modeling, Fabrication, and Characterization of Semiconductor Materials and Devices)
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Open AccessArticle
Electrochemical Detection of Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ with Sensors Based on Carbonaceous Nanomaterials and Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
by
Ancuța Dinu (Iacob), Alexandra Virginia Bounegru, Catalina Iticescu, Lucian P. Georgescu and Constantin Apetrei
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 702; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080702 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
Two electrochemical sensors were developed in this study, with their preparations using two nanomaterials with remarkable properties, namely, carbon nanofibers (CNF) modified with Fe3O4 nanoparticles and multilayer carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) modified with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The modified screen-printed
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Two electrochemical sensors were developed in this study, with their preparations using two nanomaterials with remarkable properties, namely, carbon nanofibers (CNF) modified with Fe3O4 nanoparticles and multilayer carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) modified with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The modified screen-printed electrodes (SPE) were thus named SPE/Fe3O4-CNF and SPE/Fe3O4-MWCNT and were used for the simultaneous detection of heavy metals (Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+). The sensors have been spectrometrically and electrochemically characterized. The limits of detection of the SPE/Fe3O4-CNF sensor were 0.0615 μM, 0.0154 μM, 0.0320 μM and 0.0148 μM for Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+, respectively, and 0.2719 μM, 0.3187 μM, 1.0436 μM and 0.9076 μM in the case of the SPE/ Fe3O4-MWCNT sensor (following optimization of the working parameters). Due to the modifying material, the results showed superior performance for the SPE/Fe3O4-CNF sensor, with extended linearity ranges and detection limits in the nanomolar range, compared to those of the SPE/Fe3O4-MWCNT sensor. For the quantification of heavy metal ions Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ with the SPE/Fe3O4-CNF sensor from real samples, the standard addition method was used because the values obtained for the recovery tests were good. The analysis of surface water samples from the Danube River has shown that the obtained values are significantly lower than the maximum limits allowed according to the quality standards specified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and those of the World Health Organization (WHO). This research provides a complementary method based on electrochemical sensors for in situ monitoring of surface water quality, representing a useful tool in environmental studies.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Materials for the Assay of Organic/Inorganic Water Pollutants)
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Photoelectric Properties of GaS1−xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Layered Crystals
by
Yu-Tai Shih, Der-Yuh Lin, Bo-Chang Tseng, Ting-Chen Huang, Yee-Mou Kao, Ming-Cheng Kao and Sheng-Beng Hwang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 701; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080701 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
In this study, the photoelectric properties of a complete series of GaS1−xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) layered crystals are investigated. The photoconductivity spectra indicate a decreasing bandgap of GaS1−xSex as the Se composition x
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In this study, the photoelectric properties of a complete series of GaS1−xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) layered crystals are investigated. The photoconductivity spectra indicate a decreasing bandgap of GaS1−xSex as the Se composition x increases. Time-resolved photocurrent measurements reveal a significant improvement in the response of GaS1−xSex to light with increasing x. Frequency-dependent photocurrent measurements demonstrate that both pure GaS crystals and GaS1−xSex ternary alloy crystals exhibit a rapid decrease in photocurrents with increasing illumination frequency. Crystals with lower x exhibit a faster decrease in photocurrent. However, pure GaSe crystal maintains its photocurrent significantly even at high frequencies. Measurements for laser-power-dependent photoresponsivity and bias-voltage-dependent photoresponsivity also indicate an increase in the photoresponsivity of GaS1−xSex as x increases. Overall, the photoresponsive performance of GaS1−xSex is enhanced with increasing x, and pure GaSe exhibits the best performance. This result contradicts the findings of previous reports. Additionally, the inverse trends between bandgap and photoresponsivity with increasing x suggest that GaS1−xSex-based photodetectors could potentially offer a high response and wavelength-selectivity for UV and visible light detection. Thus, this work provides novel insights into the photoelectric characteristics of GaS1−xSex layered crystals and highlights their potential for optoelectronic applications.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Materials and van der Waals Heterostructures for Optoelectronic Devices)
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Open AccessArticle
Magnetic Nanoparticle Support with an Ultra-Thin Chitosan Layer Preserves the Catalytic Activity of the Immobilized Glucose Oxidase
by
Boris B. Tikhonov, Daniil R. Lisichkin, Alexandrina M. Sulman, Alexander I. Sidorov, Alexey V. Bykov, Yury V. Lugovoy, Alexey Y. Karpenkov, Lyudmila M. Bronstein and Valentina G. Matveeva
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 700; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080700 - 17 Apr 2024
Abstract
Here, we developed magnetically recoverable biocatalysts based on magnetite nanoparticles coated with an ultra-thin layer (about 0.9 nm) of chitosan (CS) ionically cross-linked by sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Excessive CS amounts were removed by multiple washings combined with magnetic separation. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was
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Here, we developed magnetically recoverable biocatalysts based on magnetite nanoparticles coated with an ultra-thin layer (about 0.9 nm) of chitosan (CS) ionically cross-linked by sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Excessive CS amounts were removed by multiple washings combined with magnetic separation. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was attached to the magnetic support via the interaction with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in the presence of carbodiimide (EDC) leading to a covalent amide bond. These steps result in the formation of the biocatalyst for D-glucose oxidation to D-gluconic acid to be used in the preparation of pharmaceuticals due to the benign character of the biocatalyst components. To choose the catalyst with the best catalytic performance, the amounts of CS, TPP, NHS, EDC, and GOx were varied. The optimal biocatalyst allowed for 100% relative catalytic activity. The immobilization of GOx and the magnetic character of the support prevents GOx and biocatalyst loss and allows for repeated use.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Chemical Engineering (Volume III))
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Improving the Adhesion of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes to Titanium by Irradiating the Interface with He+ Ions: Atomic Force Microscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study
by
Petr M. Korusenko, Egor V. Knyazev, Olga V. Petrova, Denis V. Sokolov, Sergey N. Povoroznyuk, Konstantin E. Ivlev, Ksenia A. Bakina, Vyacheslav A. Gaas and Alexander S. Vinogradov
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 699; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080699 - 17 Apr 2024
Abstract
A complex study of the adhesion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to a titanium surface, depending on the modes of irradiation with He+ ions of the “MWCNT/Ti” system, was conducted using atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A quantitative assessment of the
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A complex study of the adhesion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to a titanium surface, depending on the modes of irradiation with He+ ions of the “MWCNT/Ti” system, was conducted using atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A quantitative assessment of the adhesion force at the interface, performed using atomic force microscopy, demonstrated its significant increase as a result of treatment of the “MWCNT/Ti” system with a beam of helium ions. The nature of the chemical bonding between multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the surface of the titanium substrate, which causes this increase in the adhesion of nanotubes to titanium as a result of ion irradiation, was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was established that this bonding is the result of the formation of chemical C–O–Ti bonds between titanium and carbon atoms with the participation of oxygen atoms of oxygen-containing functional groups, which are localized on defects in the nanotube walls formed during ion irradiation. It is significant that there are no signs of direct bonding between titanium and carbon atoms.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation, Separation, Characterization and Application of Carbon Nanotubes)
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CoFeBP Micro Flowers (MFs) for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts
by
Shusen Lin, Md Ahasan Habib, Mehedi Hasan Joni, Sumiya Akter Dristy, Rutuja Mandavkar, Jae-Hun Jeong, Young-Uk Chung and Jihoon Lee
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(8), 698; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14080698 - 17 Apr 2024
Abstract
Hydrogen is one of the most promising green energy alternatives due to its high gravimetric energy density, zero-carbon emissions, and other advantages. In this work, a CoFeBP micro-flower (MF) electrocatalyst is fabricated as an advanced water-splitting electrocatalyst by a hydrothermal approach for hydrogen
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Hydrogen is one of the most promising green energy alternatives due to its high gravimetric energy density, zero-carbon emissions, and other advantages. In this work, a CoFeBP micro-flower (MF) electrocatalyst is fabricated as an advanced water-splitting electrocatalyst by a hydrothermal approach for hydrogen production with the highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The fabrication process of the CoFeBP MF electrocatalyst is systematically optimized by thorough investigations on various hydrothermal synthesis and post-annealing parameters. The best optimized CoFeBP MF electrode demonstrates HER/OER overpotentials of 20 mV and 219 mV at 20 mA/cm2. The CoFeBP MFs also exhibit a low 2-electrode (2-E) cell voltage of 1.60 V at 50 mA/cm2, which is comparable to the benchmark electrodes of Pt/C and RuO2. The CoFeBP MFs demonstrate excellent 2-E stability of over 100 h operation under harsh industrial operational conditions at 60 °C in 6 M KOH at a high current density of 1000 mA/cm2. The flower-like morphology can offer a largely increased electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), and systematic post-annealing can lead to improved crystallinity in CoFeBP MFs.
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(This article belongs to the Section Energy and Catalysis)
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