Journal Description
Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials
is an international, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal, published semimonthly online by MDPI. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications, and short notes that are relevant to any field of study that involves nanomaterials, with respect to their science and application. The Spanish Carbon Group (GEC) is affiliated with Nanomaterials and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Physics, Applied) / CiteScore - Q1 (General Chemical Engineering)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 13.6 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Companion journals for Nanomaterials include: Nanomanufacturing and Applied Nano.
Impact Factor:
5.3 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
5.4 (2022)
Latest Articles
Hardness Distribution and Growth Behavior of Micro-Arc Oxide Ceramic Film with Positive and Negative Pulse Coordination
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 842; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100842 (registering DOI) - 10 May 2024
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Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is a promising technology for enhancing the wear resistance of engine cylinders by growing a high hardness alumina ceramic film on the surface of light aluminum engine cylinders. However, the positive and negative pulse coordination, voltage characteristic signal, hardness distribution
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Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is a promising technology for enhancing the wear resistance of engine cylinders by growing a high hardness alumina ceramic film on the surface of light aluminum engine cylinders. However, the positive and negative pulse coordination, voltage characteristic signal, hardness distribution characteristics of the ceramic film, and their internal mechanism during the growth process are still unclear. This paper investigates the synergistic effect mechanism of cathodic and anodic current on the growth behaviour of alumina, dynamic voltage signal, and hardness distribution of micro-arc oxidation film. Ceramic film samples were fabricated under various conditions, including current densities of 10, 12, 14, and 16 A/dm2, and current density ratios of cathode and anode of 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3, respectively. Based on the observed characteristics of the process voltage curve and the spark signal changes, the growth of the ceramic film can be divided into five stages. The influence of positive and negative current density parameters on the segmented growth process of the ceramic film is mainly reflected in the transition time, voltage variation rate, and the voltage value of different growth stages. Enhancing the cathode pulse effect or increasing the current density level can effectively shorten the transition time and accelerate the voltage drop rate. The microhardness of the ceramic film cross-section presents a discontinuous soft-hard-soft regional distribution. Multiple thermal cycles lead to a gradient differentiation of the Al2O3 crystal phase transition ratio along the thickness direction of the layer. The layer grown on the outer surface of the initial substrate exhibits the highest hardness, with a small gradient change in hardness, forming a high hardness zone approximately 20–30 μm wide. This high hardness zone extends to both sides, with hardness decreasing rapidly.
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Open AccessArticle
Synergistic Effect of ZIF-8 and Pt-Functionalized NiO/In2O3 Hollow Nanofibers for Highly Sensitive Detection of Formaldehyde
by
Lei Zhu, Ze Wang, Jianan Wang, Jianwei Liu, Wei Zhao, Jiaxin Zhang and Wei Yan
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100841 (registering DOI) - 10 May 2024
Abstract
A rapid and accurate monitoring of hazardous formaldehyde (HCHO) gas is extremely essential for health protection. However, the high-power consumption and humidity interference still hinder the application of HCHO gas sensors. Hence, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)-loaded Pt-NiO/In2O3 hollow nanofibers (ZPNiIn
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A rapid and accurate monitoring of hazardous formaldehyde (HCHO) gas is extremely essential for health protection. However, the high-power consumption and humidity interference still hinder the application of HCHO gas sensors. Hence, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)-loaded Pt-NiO/In2O3 hollow nanofibers (ZPNiIn HNFs) were designed via the electrospinning technique followed by hydrothermal treatment, aiming to enable a synergistic advantage of the surface modification and the construction of a p-n heterostructure to improve the sensing performance of the HCHO gas sensor. The ZPNiIn HNF sensor has a response value of 52.8 to 100 ppm HCHO, a nearly 4-fold enhancement over a pristine In2O3 sensor, at a moderately low temperature of 180 °C, along with rapid response/recovery speed (8/17 s) and excellent humidity tolerance. These enhanced sensing properties can be attributed to the Pt catalysts boosting the catalytic activity, the p-n heterojunctions facilitating the chemical reaction, and the appropriate ZIF-8 loading providing a hydrophobic surface. Our research presents an effective sensing material design strategy for inspiring the development of cost-effective sensors for the accurate detection of indoor HCHO hazardous gas.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoscale Material-Based Gas Sensors)
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Encapsulation of Tenebrio molitor Hydrolysate with DPP-IV Inhibitory Activity by Electrospraying and Spray-Drying
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Carmen Berraquero-García, Lydia Martínez-Sánchez, Emilia M. Guadix and Pedro J. García-Moreno
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100840 (registering DOI) - 10 May 2024
Abstract
This study investigates the encapsulation of Tenebrio molitor hydrolysate exhibiting DPP-IV inhibitory activity by spray-drying and electrospraying techniques. First, we optimized the feed formulation and processing conditions required to obtain nano-microcapsules by electrospraying when using Arabic gum as an encapsulating agent and pullulan
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This study investigates the encapsulation of Tenebrio molitor hydrolysate exhibiting DPP-IV inhibitory activity by spray-drying and electrospraying techniques. First, we optimized the feed formulation and processing conditions required to obtain nano-microcapsules by electrospraying when using Arabic gum as an encapsulating agent and pullulan and Tween 20 as additives. The optimum formulation was also dried by spray-drying, where the removal of the additives was also assayed. Morphology analysis reveals that electrosprayed capsules have a smaller size (1.2 ± 0.5 µm vs. 12.4 ± 8.7 µm) and greater uniformity compared to those obtained by spray-drying. Regarding the surface nitrogen content and DPP-IV inhibitory activity, our results show no significant difference between the electrosprayed capsules and spray-dried capsules containing additives (IC50 of ~1.5 mg protein/mL). Therefore, it was concluded that adding additives during spray-drying allows for a similar encapsulation efficiency and reduced degradation during processing, as achieved by electrospraying technique but providing higher productivity. On the other hand, spray-dried capsules without additives displayed a higher surface nitrogen content percentage, which was mainly due to the absence of Tween 20 in the feed formulation. Consequently, these capsules presented a higher IC50 value (IC50 of 1.99 ± 0.03 mg protein/mL) due to the potential degradation of surface-exposed peptides.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano-, Submicro- and Micro-Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds with Applications in Food and Agriculture)
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Open AccessArticle
A Systematic Study of the Temperature Dependence of the Dielectric Function of GaSe Uniaxial Crystals from 27 to 300 K
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Long V. Le, Tien-Thanh Nguyen, Xuan Au Nguyen, Do Duc Cuong, Thi Huong Nguyen, Van Quang Nguyen, Sunglae Cho, Young Dong Kim and Tae Jung Kim
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 839; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100839 - 10 May 2024
Abstract
We report the temperature dependences of the dielectric function ε = ε1 + iε2 and critical point (CP) energies of the uniaxial crystal GaSe in the spectral energy region from 0.74 to 6.42 eV and at temperatures from 27 to
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We report the temperature dependences of the dielectric function ε = ε1 + iε2 and critical point (CP) energies of the uniaxial crystal GaSe in the spectral energy region from 0.74 to 6.42 eV and at temperatures from 27 to 300 K using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The fundamental bandgap and strong exciton effect near 2.1 eV are detected only in the c-direction, which is perpendicular to the cleavage plane of the crystal. The temperature dependences of the CP energies were determined by fitting the data to the phenomenological expression that incorporates the Bose–Einstein statistical factor and the temperature coefficient to describe the electron–phonon interaction. To determine the origin of this anisotropy, we perform first-principles calculations using the mBJ method for bandgap correction. The results clearly demonstrate that the anisotropic dielectric characteristics can be directly attributed to the inherent anisotropy of p orbitals. More specifically, this prominent excitonic feature and fundamental bandgap are derived from the band-to-band transition between s and pz orbitals at the Γ-point.
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(This article belongs to the Topic Optical and Optoelectronic Properties of Materials and Their Applications)
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Open AccessArticle
Synthesis of Structure-Adjustable R-Au/Pt-CdS Nanohybrids with Strong Plasmon Coupling and Improved Photothermal Conversion Performance
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Hangyu Yan, Guowei Li, Fengyuan Zhang, Jingsong Liu and Mengdai Luoshan
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 838; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100838 - 9 May 2024
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Noble metal nanomaterials with a localized surface plasmon resonance effect exhibit outstanding advantages in areas such as photothermal therapy and photocatalysis. As a unique plasmonic metal nanostructure, gold nanobipyramids have been attracting much interest due to their strong specific local electric field intensity,
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Noble metal nanomaterials with a localized surface plasmon resonance effect exhibit outstanding advantages in areas such as photothermal therapy and photocatalysis. As a unique plasmonic metal nanostructure, gold nanobipyramids have been attracting much interest due to their strong specific local electric field intensity, large optical cross sections, and high refractive index sensitivity. In this study, we propose a novel three-component hetero-nanostructure composed of rough gold nanobipyramids (R-Au NBPs), Pt, and CdS. Initially, purified gold nanobipyramids are regrown to form R-Au NBPs that have a certain degree of roughness. These R-Au NBP substrates with a rough surface provide more hotspots and strengthen the intensity of localized electric fields. Subsequently, Pt and CdS nanoparticles are selectively deposited onto the surface of R-Au NBPs. Pt nanoparticles can provide more active sites. Each component of this hetero-nanostructure directly contacts others, creating multiple electron transfer channels. This novel design allows for tunable localized plasmon resonance wavelengths ranging from the visible to near-infrared regions. These factors contribute to the final superior photothermal conversion performance of the R-Au/Pt-CdS nanohybrids. Under the irradiation of near-infrared light (1064 nm), the photothermal conversion efficiency of R-Au/Pt-CdS reached 38.88%, which is 4.49, 1.5, and 1.22 times higher than that of Au NBPs, R-Au NBPs, and R-Au NBPs/Pt, respectively.
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Open AccessReview
CMOS Scaling for the 5 nm Node and Beyond: Device, Process and Technology
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Henry H. Radamson, Yuanhao Miao, Ziwei Zhou, Zhenhua Wu, Zhenzhen Kong, Jianfeng Gao, Hong Yang, Yuhui Ren, Yongkui Zhang, Jiangliu Shi, Jinjuan Xiang, Hushan Cui, Bin Lu, Junjie Li, Jinbiao Liu, Hongxiao Lin, Haoqing Xu, Mengfan Li, Jiaji Cao, Chuangqi He, Xiangyan Duan, Xuewei Zhao, Jiale Su, Yong Du, Jiahan Yu, Yuanyuan Wu, Miao Jiang, Di Liang, Ben Li, Yan Dong and Guilei Wangadd
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Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 837; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100837 - 9 May 2024
Abstract
After more than five decades, Moore’s Law for transistors is approaching the end of the international technology roadmap of semiconductors (ITRS). The fate of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) architecture has become increasingly unknown. In this era, 3D transistors in the form of
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After more than five decades, Moore’s Law for transistors is approaching the end of the international technology roadmap of semiconductors (ITRS). The fate of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) architecture has become increasingly unknown. In this era, 3D transistors in the form of gate-all-around (GAA) transistors are being considered as an excellent solution to scaling down beyond the 5 nm technology node, which solves the difficulties of carrier transport in the channel region which are mainly rooted in short channel effects (SCEs). In parallel to Moore, during the last two decades, transistors with a fully depleted SOI (FDSOI) design have also been processed for low-power electronics. Among all the possible designs, there are also tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs), which offer very low power consumption and decent electrical characteristics. This review article presents new transistor designs, along with the integration of electronics and photonics, simulation methods, and continuation of CMOS process technology to the 5 nm technology node and beyond. The content highlights the innovative methods, challenges, and difficulties in device processing and design, as well as how to apply suitable metrology techniques as a tool to find out the imperfections and lattice distortions, strain status, and composition in the device structures.
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(This article belongs to the Section Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices)
Open AccessArticle
Nanoporous Carbon Materials Derived from Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Peel and Seed for Electrochemical Supercapacitors
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Peng Jia, Ziming Wang, Xinru Wang, Ke Qin, Jiajing Gao, Jiazhen Sun, Guangmei Xia, Tao Dong, Yanyan Gong, Zhenjiang Yu, Jinyang Zhang, Honglei Chen and Shengdan Wang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100836 - 9 May 2024
Abstract
In order to prepare biomass-derived carbon materials with high specific capacitance at a low activation temperature (≤700 °C), nanoporous carbon materials were prepared from zanthoxylum bungeanum peels and seeds via the pyrolysis and KOH-activation processes. The results show that the optimal activation temperatures
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In order to prepare biomass-derived carbon materials with high specific capacitance at a low activation temperature (≤700 °C), nanoporous carbon materials were prepared from zanthoxylum bungeanum peels and seeds via the pyrolysis and KOH-activation processes. The results show that the optimal activation temperatures are 700 °C and 600 °C for peels and seeds. Benefiting from the hierarchical pore structure (micropores, mesopores, and macropores), the abundant heteroatoms (N, S, and O) containing functional groups, and plentiful electrochemical active sites, the PAC-700 and SAC-600 derive the large capacities of ~211.0 and ~219.7 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 in 6 M KOH within the three-electrode configuration. Furthermore, the symmetrical supercapacitors display a high energy density of 22.9 and 22.4 Wh kg−1 at 7500 W kg−1 assembled with PAC-700 and SAC-600, along with exceptional capacitance retention of 99.1% and 93.4% over 10,000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. More significantly, the contribution here will stimulate the extensive development of low-temperature activation processes and nanoporous carbon materials for electrochemical energy storage and beyond.
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(This article belongs to the Section 2D and Carbon Nanomaterials)
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Recent Advances in Carbon-Based Single-Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide in Acidic Media
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Hao Yin, Ronglan Pan, Manman Zou, Xin Ge, Changxuan Shi, Jili Yuan, Caijuan Huang and Haibo Xie
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100835 - 9 May 2024
Abstract
Electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) via the 2e− pathway in an acidic media shows great techno-economic potential for the production of hydrogen peroxide. Currently, carbon-based single-atom catalysts (C-SACs) have attracted extensive attention due to their tunable electronic structures, low cost, and sufficient
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Electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) via the 2e− pathway in an acidic media shows great techno-economic potential for the production of hydrogen peroxide. Currently, carbon-based single-atom catalysts (C-SACs) have attracted extensive attention due to their tunable electronic structures, low cost, and sufficient stability in acidic media. This review summarizes recent advances in metal centers and their coordination environment in C-SACs for 2e−-ORR. Firstly, the reaction mechanism of 2e−-ORR on the active sites of C-SACs is systematically presented. Secondly, the structural regulation strategies for the active sites of 2e−-ORR are further summarized, including the metal active center, its species and configurations of nitrogen coordination or heteroatom coordination, and their near functional groups or substitute groups, which would provide available and proper ideas for developing superior acidic 2e−-ORR electrocatalysts of C-SACs. Finally, we propose the current challenges and future opportunities regarding the acidic 2e−-ORR pathway on C-SACs, which will eventually accelerate the development of the distributed H2O2 electrosynthesis process.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Catalysis in Nanomaterials—Photocatalysis and Electrocatalysis)
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Inkjet Printing of Long-Range Ordering Two-Dimensional Magnetic Ti0.8Co0.2O2 Film
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Yuntian Du and Pengxiang Zhang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 834; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100834 - 9 May 2024
Abstract
The value of two-dimensional (2D) materials in printed electronics has been gradually explored, and the rheological properties of 2D material dispersions are very different for various printing technologies. Understanding the rheological properties of 2D material dispersions plays a vital role in selecting the
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The value of two-dimensional (2D) materials in printed electronics has been gradually explored, and the rheological properties of 2D material dispersions are very different for various printing technologies. Understanding the rheological properties of 2D material dispersions plays a vital role in selecting the optimal manufacturing technology. Inkjet printing is suitable for small nanosheet sizes and low solution viscosity, and it has a significant advantage in developing nanosheet inks because of its masklessness, high efficiency, and high precision. In this work, we selected 2D Ti0.8Co0.2O2 nanosheets, which can be synthesized in large quantities by the liquid phase exfoliation technique; investigated the effects of nanosheet particle size, solution concentration on the rheological properties of the dispersion; and obtained the optimal printing processing method of the dispersion as inkjet printing. The ultrathin Ti0.8Co0.2O2 nanosheet films were prepared by inkjet printing, and their magnetic characteristics were compared with those of Ti0.8Co0.2O2 powder. The films prepared by inkjet printing exhibited long-range ordering, maintaining the nanosheet powders’ paramagnetic characteristics. Our work underscored the potential of inkjet printing as a promising method for fabricating precisely controlled thin films using 2D materials, with applications spanning electronics, sensors, and catalysis.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Flexible and Printed Electronics)
Open AccessArticle
Preparation of Heterogeneous Fenton Catalysts Cu-Doped MnO2 for Enhanced Degradation of Dyes in Wastewater
by
Xiao Liu, Lu Wang, Jiran Li, Rong Li, Runze He, Wanglong Gao and Neng Yu
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 833; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100833 - 9 May 2024
Abstract
Herein, a series of heterogeneous Fenton catalysts, Cu doped MnO2 (CDM), with different Cu/Mn molar ratios were prepared via a hydrothermal reaction. Meanwhile, detailed characterizations were used to study the structures of CDM, and it is amazing that the morphology of CDM
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Herein, a series of heterogeneous Fenton catalysts, Cu doped MnO2 (CDM), with different Cu/Mn molar ratios were prepared via a hydrothermal reaction. Meanwhile, detailed characterizations were used to study the structures of CDM, and it is amazing that the morphology of CDM changed from nanowires to nanoflowers with an increasing amount of Cu doped. Apart from this, both the specific surface area and oxygen vacancy increased obviously with the increasing Cu/Mn molar ratio. Then, the degradation of different dyes was utilized to evaluate the catalytic activity of different CDM with H2O2 used as the oxidizing agent, and the 50%-CDM with the highest content of Cu doped displayed the best catalytic activity. Herein, the degradation efficiency (D%) of Congo red (CR) solution with low concentration (60 mg/L) reached 100% in 3 min, while the D% of CR solution with a high concentration (300 mg/L) reached 99.4% after 5 min with a higher dosage of H2O2. Additionally, the 50%-CDM also displayed excellent reusability, for which the D% values were still higher than 90% after the 14th cycles. Based on the structure characteristics and mechanism analysis, the excellent catalytic capacity of 50%-CDM was due to the combined influence of large specific surface area and abundant oxygen vacancy. Thus, a promising heterogeneous Fenton catalyst was developed in this study, which proved the treatment efficiency of actual dye wastewater.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Water Remediation (2nd Edition))
Open AccessReview
Research Progress of Heavy-Metal-Free Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes
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Ruiqiang Xu, Shi Lai, Youwei Zhang and Xiaoli Zhang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 832; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100832 - 9 May 2024
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At present, heavy-metal-free quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have shown great potential as a research hotspot in the field of optoelectronic devices. This article reviews the research on heavy-metal-free quantum dot (QD) materials and light-emitting diode (LED) devices. In the first section, we
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At present, heavy-metal-free quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have shown great potential as a research hotspot in the field of optoelectronic devices. This article reviews the research on heavy-metal-free quantum dot (QD) materials and light-emitting diode (LED) devices. In the first section, we discussed the hazards of heavy-metal-containing quantum dots (QDs), such as environmental pollution and human health risks. Next, the main representatives of heavy-metal-free QDs were introduced, such as InP, ZnE (E=S, Se and Te), CuInS2, Ag2S, and so on. In the next section, we discussed the synthesis methods of heavy-metal-free QDs, including the hot injection (HI) method, the heat up (HU) method, the cation exchange (CE) method, the successful ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method, and so on. Finally, important progress in the development of heavy-metal-free QLEDs was summarized in three aspects (QD emitter layer, hole transport layer, and electron transport layer).
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Open AccessArticle
Setting Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation of Ar+ Parameters towards Electroforming-Free and Self-Compliance HfO2-Based Memristive Structures
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Olga Permiakova, Sergey Pankratov, Alexandr Isaev, Andrew Miakonkikh, Yuri Chesnokov, Andrey Lomov and Alexander Rogozhin
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 831; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100831 - 9 May 2024
Abstract
Memristive structures are among the most promising options to be components of neuromorphic devices. However, the formation of HfO2-based devices in crossbar arrays requires considerable time since electroforming is a single stochastic operation. In this study, we investigate how Ar+
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Memristive structures are among the most promising options to be components of neuromorphic devices. However, the formation of HfO2-based devices in crossbar arrays requires considerable time since electroforming is a single stochastic operation. In this study, we investigate how Ar+ plasma immersion ion implantation (PI) affects the Pt/HfO2 (4 nm)/ (3 nm)/TaN electroforming voltage. The advantage of PI is the simultaneous and uniform processing of the entire wafer. It is thought that Ar+ implantation causes defects to the oxide matrix, with the majority of the oxygen anions being shifted in the direction of the TaN electrode. We demonstrate that it is feasible to reduce the electroforming voltages from 7.1 V to values less than 3 V by carefully selecting the implantation energy. A considerable decrease in the electroforming voltage was achievable at an implantation energy that provided the dispersion of recoils over the whole thickness of the oxide without significantly affecting the /TaN interface. At the same time, Ar+ PI at higher and lower energies did not produce the same significant decrease in the electroforming voltage. It is also possible to obtain self-compliance of current in the structure during electroforming after PI with energy less than 2 keV.
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(This article belongs to the Collection Nanoarchitectonics of the Fourth Fundamental Electronic Component: Memristor, Meminductor and Memcapacitor)
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Open AccessCorrection
Correction: Cao et al. Fluorinated PEG-PEI Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery and CXCR4 Knockdown. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 1692
by
Yixiang Cao, Shiyin Zhang, Ming Ma and Yu Zhang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 830; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100830 - 9 May 2024
Abstract
In the original publication [...]
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials in Biomedical Application)
Open AccessArticle
Polarization-Addressable Optical Movement of Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Hotspot Spin Vortices
by
Sergio Balestrieri, Silvia Romano, Mario Iodice, Giuseppe Coppola and Gianluigi Zito
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 829; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100829 - 9 May 2024
Abstract
Spin–orbit coupling in nanoscale optical fields leads to the emergence of a nontrivial spin angular momentum component, transverse to the orbital momentum. In this study, we initially investigate how this spin–orbit coupling effect influences the dynamics in gold monomers. We observe that localized
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Spin–orbit coupling in nanoscale optical fields leads to the emergence of a nontrivial spin angular momentum component, transverse to the orbital momentum. In this study, we initially investigate how this spin–orbit coupling effect influences the dynamics in gold monomers. We observe that localized surface plasmon resonance induces self-generated transverse spin, affecting the trajectory of the nanoparticles as a function of the incident polarization. Furthermore, we investigate the spin–orbit coupling in gold dimers. The resonant spin momentum distribution is characterized by the unique formation of vortex and anti-vortex spin angular momentum pairs on opposite surfaces of the nanoparticles, also affecting the particle motion. These findings hold promise for various fields, particularly for the precision control in the development of plasmonic thrusters and the development of metasurfaces and other helicity-controlled system aspects. They offer a method for the development of novel systems and applications in the realm of spin optics.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Composites, Nanophotonics and Metamaterials)
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Open AccessReview
The Role of the Heterogeneous Catalyst to Produce Solketal from Biodiesel Waste: The Key to Achieve Efficiency
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Catarina N. Dias, Alexandre M. Viana, Luís Cunha-Silva and Salete S. Balula
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 828; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100828 - 9 May 2024
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The valorization of the large amount of crude glycerol formed from the biodiesel industry is of primordial necessity. One possible direction with high interest to the biorefinery sector is the production of fuel additives such as solketal, through the acetalization of glycerol with
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The valorization of the large amount of crude glycerol formed from the biodiesel industry is of primordial necessity. One possible direction with high interest to the biorefinery sector is the production of fuel additives such as solketal, through the acetalization of glycerol with acetone. This is a chemical process that conciliates high sustainability and economic interest, since solketal contributes to the fulfillment of a Circular Economy Model through its use in biodiesel blends. The key to guarantee high efficiency and high sustainability for solketal production is the use of recovery and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts. Reported works indicate that high yields are attributed to catalyst acidity, mainly the ones containing Brönsted acidic sites. On the other hand, the catalyst stability and its recycling capacity are completely dependent of the support material and the acidic sites incorporation methodology. This review intends to conciliate the information spread on this topic and indicate the most assertive strategies to achieve high solketal production in short reaction time during various reaction cycles.
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Open AccessArticle
Increasing the Particle Size and Magnetic Property of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles through a Segregated Nucleation and Growth Process
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Yiyang Liu, Sheng Wang, Qin Wang, Liping Wang, Jianghui Dong and Baolin Zhang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 827; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100827 - 9 May 2024
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) with good water dispersibility were prepared by the thermal decomposition of iron acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3) in the high-boiling organic solvent polyethylene glycol (PEG) using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a modifier. The nucleation and growth processes of the crystals were
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Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) with good water dispersibility were prepared by the thermal decomposition of iron acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3) in the high-boiling organic solvent polyethylene glycol (PEG) using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a modifier. The nucleation and growth processes of the crystals were separated during the reaction process by batch additions of the reaction material, which could inhibit the nucleation but maintain the crystal growth, and products with larger particle sizes and high saturation magnetization were obtained. The method of batch addition of the reactant prepared IONs with the largest particle size and the highest saturation magnetization compared with IONs reported using PEG as the reaction solvent. The IONs prepared by this method also retained good water dispersibility. Therefore, these IONs are potentially suitable for the magnetic separation of cells, proteins, or nucleic acids when large magnetic responses are needed.
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(This article belongs to the Section Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures)
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Magnetic Material in Triboelectric Nanogenerators: A Review
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Enqi Sun, Qiliang Zhu, Hafeez Ur Rehman, Tong Wu, Xia Cao and Ning Wang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 826; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100826 - 8 May 2024
Abstract
Nowadays, magnetic materials are also drawing considerable attention in the development of innovative energy converters such as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), where the introduction of magnetic materials at the triboelectric interface not only significantly enhances the energy harvesting efficiency but also promotes TENG entry
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Nowadays, magnetic materials are also drawing considerable attention in the development of innovative energy converters such as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), where the introduction of magnetic materials at the triboelectric interface not only significantly enhances the energy harvesting efficiency but also promotes TENG entry into the era of intelligence and multifunction. In this review, we begin from the basic operating principle of TENGs and then summarize the recent progress in applications of magnetic materials in the design of TENG magnetic materials by categorizing them into soft ferrites and amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys. While highlighting key role of magnetic materials in and future opportunities for improving their performance in energy conversion, we also discuss the most promising choices available today and describe emerging approaches to create even better magnetic TENGs and TENG-based sensors as far as intelligence and multifunctionality are concerned. In addition, the paper also discusses the integration of magnetic TENGs as a power source for third-party sensors and briefly explains the self-powered applications in a wide range of related fields. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges and prospects of magnetic TENGs.
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(This article belongs to the Section Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices)
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Enhanced Energy Storage Performance through Controlled Composition and Synthesis of 3D Mixed Metal-Oxide Microspheres
by
Chongjie Su, Muhammad Hilal, Fan Yang, Xinda Xu, Chao Zhang, Shuoyu Guo, Junning Zhang, Zhicheng Cai, Huimin Yuan and Wanfeng Xie
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100825 - 8 May 2024
Abstract
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Binary transition metal oxide complexes (BTMOCs) in three-dimensional (3D) layered structures show great promise as electrodes for supercapacitors (SCs) due to their diverse oxidation states, which contribute to high specific capacitance. However, the synthesis of BTMOCs with 3D structures remains challenging yet crucial
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Binary transition metal oxide complexes (BTMOCs) in three-dimensional (3D) layered structures show great promise as electrodes for supercapacitors (SCs) due to their diverse oxidation states, which contribute to high specific capacitance. However, the synthesis of BTMOCs with 3D structures remains challenging yet crucial for their application. In this study, we present a novel approach utilizing a single-step hydrothermal technique to fabricate flower-shaped microspheres composed of a NiCo-based complex. Each microsphere consists of nanosheets with a mesoporous structure, enhancing the specific surface area to 23.66 m2 g−1 and facilitating efficient redox reactions. When employed as the working electrode for supercapacitors, the composite exhibits remarkable specific capacitance, achieving 888.8 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. Furthermore, it demonstrates notable electrochemical stability, retaining 52.08% capacitance after 10,000 cycles, and offers a high-power density of 225 W·kg−1, along with an energy density of 25 Wh·kg−1, showcasing its potential for energy storage applications. Additionally, an aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was assembled using NiCo microspheres-based complex and activated carbon (AC). Remarkably, the NiCo microspheres complex/AC configuration delivers a high specific capacitance of 250 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, with a high energy density of 88 Wh kg−1, for a power density of 800 W kg−1. The ASC also exhibits excellent long-term cyclability with 69% retention over 10,000 charge–discharge cycles. Furthermore, a series of two ASC devices demonstrated the capability to power commercial blue LEDs for a duration of at least 40 s. The simplicity of the synthesis process and the exceptional performance exhibited by the developed electrode materials hold considerable promise for applications in energy storage.
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Open AccessArticle
Chromatographic Assessment of Organic Compounds Using Carbon Nanotubes: The Relationship between Affinity and Dispersibility
by
Taiyo Shimizu, Ryoichi Kishi, Atsushi Hirano, Ken Kokubo and Kenji Hata
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100824 - 8 May 2024
Abstract
The affinity between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and organic compounds is of substantial importance since it strongly relates to the dispersibility of CNTs in those compounds. Several affinity evaluation methods have been developed so far, and the concept of the Hansen solubility parameter is
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The affinity between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and organic compounds is of substantial importance since it strongly relates to the dispersibility of CNTs in those compounds. Several affinity evaluation methods have been developed so far, and the concept of the Hansen solubility parameter is a representative method widely used in the field of nanocarbon materials. Here, we demonstrate that CNT-loaded silica columns can effectively assess the affinity of organic compounds for CNT surface by exploiting the chromatographic retention time as a criterion. Obtained trends of the affinity of organic compounds for CNT were compared to those based on Hansen solubility parameter distance values. Most organic compounds showed similar trends, but one exceptional compound was observed. Simple CNT dispersion tests were conducted with these organic compounds to demonstrate the advantage of the chromatographic assessment. Further, we conducted comparison experiments using a pyrene-functionalized column and other CNT-loaded columns to elucidate the characteristics of each CNT column. The chromatographic approaches using CNT columns would be beneficial for realizing CNT suspensions with improved CNT dispersibility.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Properties, and Cutting-Edge Applications)
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Open AccessReview
A Review for Uncovering the “Protein-Nanoparticle Alliance”: Implications of the Protein Corona for Biomedical Applications
by
Burcu Önal Acet, Désirée Gül, Roland H. Stauber, Mehmet Odabaşı and Ömür Acet
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 823; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100823 - 8 May 2024
Abstract
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Understanding both the physicochemical and biological interactions of nanoparticles is mandatory for the biomedical application of nanomaterials. By binding proteins, nanoparticles acquire new surface identities in biological fluids, the protein corona. Various studies have revealed the dynamic structure and nano–bio interactions of the
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Understanding both the physicochemical and biological interactions of nanoparticles is mandatory for the biomedical application of nanomaterials. By binding proteins, nanoparticles acquire new surface identities in biological fluids, the protein corona. Various studies have revealed the dynamic structure and nano–bio interactions of the protein corona. The binding of proteins not only imparts new surface identities to nanoparticles in biological fluids but also significantly influences their bioactivity, stability, and targeting specificity. Interestingly, recent endeavors have been undertaken to harness the potential of the protein corona instead of evading its presence. Exploitation of this ‘protein–nanoparticle alliance’ has significant potential to change the field of nanomedicine. Here, we present a thorough examination of the latest research on protein corona, encompassing its formation, dynamics, recent developments, and diverse bioapplications. Furthermore, we also aim to explore the interactions at the nano–bio interface, paving the way for innovative strategies to advance the application potential of the protein corona. By addressing challenges and promises in controlling protein corona formation, this review provides insights into the evolving landscape of the ‘protein–nanoparticle alliance’ and highlights emerging.
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