Journal Description
Horticulturae
Horticulturae
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal published monthly online by MDPI. The Spanish Society of Horticultural Sciences (SECH) is affiliated with Horticulturae and its members receive a discount on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubAg, AGRIS, FSTA, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Horticulture) / CiteScore - Q2 (Horticulture)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 14.7 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
3.1 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.4 (2022)
Latest Articles
Analysis of Combining Ability to Obtain Tropical Carrot Hybrids for Production Traits
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 442; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050442 (registering DOI) - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
Carrots (Daucus carota L.), a globally significant vegetable, lack extensive research on heterotic groups and diallel analysis to generate hybrid combinations. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess combining abilities and identify optimal carrot parents for producing hybrids suitable for
[...] Read more.
Carrots (Daucus carota L.), a globally significant vegetable, lack extensive research on heterotic groups and diallel analysis to generate hybrid combinations. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess combining abilities and identify optimal carrot parents for producing hybrids suitable for tropical climates with elevated metabolite levels. Twenty carrot hybrids, ten parent plants, and three commercial cultivars were evaluated during the summers of 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. Agronomic evaluations were carried out and chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were determined, followed by a diallel analysis using Griffing’s Method III and GGE biplot analysis. There were significant general combining ability (GCA) effects for various agronomic traits, suggesting additive genetic effects. Based on GCA, cultivars 5, 4, and 2 were the most promising parents. Specific combining ability (SCA) revealed that hybrids 1 × 2 and 3 × 5 stood out in environment 1, whereas hybrids 1 × 5 and 5 × 3 performed well in environment 2. The GGE biplot analysis showed that hybrids 1 × 2 and 3 × 2 displayed larger average root diameters, belonged to the group with the best bolting percentages, and exhibited stability across environments. Moreover, hybrids 2 × 4, 3 × 1, 4 × 1, and 4 × 2 exhibited higher metabolite levels. These findings suggest the feasibility of obtaining superior hybrids tailored for the tropical carrot market.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement of Tropical Crops)
►
Show Figures
Open AccessArticle
Elevated Altitude and Limestone Soil Promoted Fungal Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil of Sophora japonica
by
Limin Yu, Zhongfeng Zhang, Peiyuan Liu, Longwu Zhou, Shuhui Tan, Chungui Tang and Ying Li
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 441; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050441 (registering DOI) - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in mediating material transformation and nutrient cycling. However, little attention has been paid to the relationships between microbial communities and altitude and lithology in karst regions. Sophora japonica cv. Jinhuai is an officinal plant cultivated in karst
[...] Read more.
Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in mediating material transformation and nutrient cycling. However, little attention has been paid to the relationships between microbial communities and altitude and lithology in karst regions. Sophora japonica cv. Jinhuai is an officinal plant cultivated in karst areas, and there is a correlation between the dynamics of microbial community and ecological factors. This study examined the diversity of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of S. japonica under different lithologies and altitudes in karst regions of northern Guangxi, China using high-throughput sequencing technology. It was found that the bacterial community consisted of 37 phyla, including Proteobacteria. The fungal community mainly comprised 15 phyla, including Ascomycota. The fungal Shannon and Chao1 indices increased with altitude, while the bacterial Shannon index decreased. The fungal Shannon indices in limestone soil were higher than those in dolomite. The soil’s microbial Shannon and Chao1 indices were positively affected by pH, while the available phosphorus and potassium had the opposite effect. Research shows that altitude, lithology, pH, and available phosphorus were the crucial factors influencing the rhizosphere soil microbial community. This study provides references for understanding the relationship between plants and microorganisms and the microbial distribution strategy of rocky desertification habitats in the future.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbes and Plant Stress Tolerance)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessFeature PaperArticle
Fruit Agronomic and Quality Traits of Tomato F1 Hybrids Derived from Traditional Varieties
by
Alicia Sánchez Sánchez, Pilar Flores, Virginia Hernández, Elena Sánchez, Elia Molina, Nuria López, Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo, José Fenoll and Pilar Hellín
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 440; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050440 - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
The high genetic diversity of the tomato and its high micronutrient content make this fruit very interesting from an economic and nutritional point of view. The genetic erosion suffered by this crop, due to breeding objectives based on yield and marketing, makes it
[...] Read more.
The high genetic diversity of the tomato and its high micronutrient content make this fruit very interesting from an economic and nutritional point of view. The genetic erosion suffered by this crop, due to breeding objectives based on yield and marketing, makes it necessary to return to the origins in search of the nutritional and organoleptic quality lost in traditional varieties. In this study, the agronomic, physical, organoleptic, and nutritional characteristics of eighteen F1 hybrids, obtained by crossing fourteen traditional varieties, previously selected for their quality, were studied in order to select genotypes of superior quality that could be candidates for new varieties. All the parameters studied were strongly influenced by genotype, with a wide range between varieties. Most of the experimental hybrids showed higher quality scores than the commercial hybrids used as controls, due to the extensive selection process carried out on the parents in previous work. Principal component analysis revealed the characteristics of each hybrid that distinguished it from the others. Some hybrids (H1, H2, and H4) stood out for their high concentration of active compounds, others (H14, H13, H8, H15, H7, and H9) for their agronomic performance and high β-carotene content, and H3 was the only one to contain chlorophyll in its ripe fruits. Finally, the evaluation index allowed the selection of five hybrids with interesting characteristics, combining good yield performance and high quality. The results of this work have allowed for the selection of a group of hybrids with high organoleptic and nutritional quality which will be used as parents in a breeding programme, in which their characteristics will be fixed and their resilience will be increased through the introduction of virus resistance.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Developmental Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology)
►▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
MdSGR2 Negatively Regulates Chlorophyll Degradation in Apple
by
Shiyi Xue, Pei Yao, Jiwei Kang, Xiong Zheng, Chang Liu, Yan Gao, Dehui Zhang, Xiaojun Zhang and Yanyan Hao
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 439; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050439 - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The color of an apple is an important index of its appearance quality, which affects the fruit’s marketability and value. The green variety “Granny Smith” remains green when ripe, and the pigment in the peel is mainly chlorophyll. The chlorophyll in the peel
[...] Read more.
The color of an apple is an important index of its appearance quality, which affects the fruit’s marketability and value. The green variety “Granny Smith” remains green when ripe, and the pigment in the peel is mainly chlorophyll. The chlorophyll in the peel of the yellow variety “Golden Delicious” degrades as the fruit ripens. To explore the different mechanisms of chlorophyll degradation in the “Golden Delicious” and “Granny Smith” varieties, transcriptomic analysis was performed on the mature peels of both cultivars. High-quality sequences totaling 48,206,940 and 48,796,646 raw bases, as well as 9632 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), were identified. A total of 1206 DEGs were classified in 118 KEGG metabolic pathways. Additionally, 3258 transcription factors from 428 gene families were predicted, and DEGs associated with chlorophyll degradation, including MdSGR2, MdNYC1 and MdHCAR, were identified. Subsequently, the MdSGR2 gene was isolated from the mature peel of “Granny Smith” apples. Subsequent subcellular localization analysis confirmed that MdSGR2 specifically targets chloroplasts. The transient overexpression of MdSGR2 was found to negatively regulate chlorophyll degradation, leading to the inhibition or deceleration of chlorophyll breakdown, thereby maintaining green coloration in the leaves and peel. Conversely, silencing MdSGR2 positively regulated chlorophyll degradation, resulting in chlorosis in the leaves and peel. These findings offer valuable insights into the regulatory mechanism governing apple fruit coloration and lays a solid foundation for further investigation in this field.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Different Parts of a Dendrocalamus brandisii (Munro) Kurz Shoot, Rather Than the Shoot’s Height, Are More Indicative of Its Nutrient Properties
by
Luxi Li, Yuzhuo Wen, Jingyun Xu, Tiandao Bai, Mei Yang and Weixin Jiang
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 438; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050438 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Bamboo shoots are considered as a healthy food and are popular in Asian cooking. The distribution of nutrients and their dynamics during the growth of bamboo shoots play a crucial role in guiding the harvesting and processing of bamboo shoots. In this study,
[...] Read more.
Bamboo shoots are considered as a healthy food and are popular in Asian cooking. The distribution of nutrients and their dynamics during the growth of bamboo shoots play a crucial role in guiding the harvesting and processing of bamboo shoots. In this study, Dendrocalamus brandisii (Munro) Kurz, an important bamboo species for harvesting fine edible shoots in southern China and Southeast Asia, was used to measure several indicators related to the edibility and nutritional value of fresh shoots across five height grades (H1: 20~30 cm; H2: 31~40 cm; H3: 41~50 cm; H4: 51~60 cm; and H5: 61~70 cm). The results indicated that, although the nutrient and mineral elements showed an increasing (crude fiber content, CFC), decreasing (total soluble sugars content, TSSC; ash content, AC; Fe; Zn), or fluctuating (soluble protein content, SPC; P; K; Ca) pattern with the growth of bamboo shoots, both the CFC and TSSC showed the highest values in the lower part at five growth heights, indicating that carbohydrates were mainly enriched in the bases of bamboo shoots. The SPC, AC, and other mineral elements were higher in the upper part, especially in H1–H3. Combined with the relatively high activity of metabolic enzymes (sucrose-phosphate synthase, SPS; neutral invertase, NI) in the upper part of bamboo shoots (although not statistically significant), it can be inferred that the shoot tip may be the main tissue for early nutrient synthesis and metabolism. Compared with the shoot height, different parts of a D. brandisii bamboo shoot are more indicative of its nutrient properties. Although all heights of bamboo shoots showed an abundance of nutrients and mineral elements, bamboo shoots with a height of less than 40 cm had a higher TSSC, AC, Fe, and Zn, and a lower CFC, thus having a better balance between nutrients and edibility.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Nutrition)
Open AccessFeature PaperArticle
Exploring Leaf Anthocyanin Concentrations and Light Effects on Lettuce Growth Leaf
by
Peyton Lou Palsha, Marc W. van Iersel, Ryan William Dickson, Lynne Seymour, Melanie Yelton and Rhuanito Soranz Ferrarezi
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 437; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050437 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites classified as water-soluble, non-photosynthetic pigments with the potential ability to shield chloroplasts from excess light energy. This study investigated the morphological and physiological responses of six lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars with different leaf anthocyanin contents grown in
[...] Read more.
Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites classified as water-soluble, non-photosynthetic pigments with the potential ability to shield chloroplasts from excess light energy. This study investigated the morphological and physiological responses of six lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars with different leaf anthocyanin contents grown in a greenhouse under different supplemental photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD). Cultivars ‘Cherokee’, ‘Teodore’, ‘Rex’, and ‘Rouxai’ decreased in specific leaf area with increasing PPFD, respectively. We observed that growth in cultivars with higher leaf anthocyanin content (‘Cherokee’ and ‘Rouxai’) increased with increasing PPFD. Light use efficiency (LUE) is an important physiological parameter affecting biomass accumulation, and cultivars ‘Cherokee’, ‘Rex’, ‘Teodore’, and ‘Rouxai’ had the highest LUE and shoot weight. We found that red lettuce varieties, especially ‘Cherokee’ and ‘Rouxai’, showed increased shoot dry weight as light intensity increased. Interestingly, these varieties also had the highest anthocyanin levels in their leaves. This suggests that higher anthocyanin content might contribute to the increased shoot dry weight under higher light intensity, although this was mainly evident in ‘Cherokee’.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue LED Lighting to Control Plants’ Growth and Development)
Open AccessFeature PaperArticle
Evaluation of Growth, Yield and Bioactive Compounds of Ethiopian Kale (Brassica carinata A. Braun) Microgreens under Different LED Light Spectra and Substrates
by
Ruth Nyambura Maru, John Wesonga, Hiromu Okazawa, Agnes Kavoo, Johnstone O. Neondo, Dickson Mgangathweni Mazibuko, Sarvesh Maskey and Francesco Orsini
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050436 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Microgreens are innovative vegetable products whose production and consumption are gaining popularity globally thanks to their recognized nutraceutical properties. To date, the effects of lighting conditions and growing substrate on the performances of Brassica carinata microgreens (indigenous to Africa) remain underexplored. The present
[...] Read more.
Microgreens are innovative vegetable products whose production and consumption are gaining popularity globally thanks to their recognized nutraceutical properties. To date, the effects of lighting conditions and growing substrate on the performances of Brassica carinata microgreens (indigenous to Africa) remain underexplored. The present study aimed at providing insights into the influence of different lighting treatments provided by LEDs, namely monochromatic blue (B), red (R), cool white (W) and a combination of three color diodes (B + R + W), and substrates (cocopeat, sand and cocopeat–sand mix (v/v) (1:1)) on the growth, yield and bioactive compounds of B. carinata microgreens. Seeds were germinated in dark chambers and cultivated in growth chambers equipped with LED lighting systems for 14 days under a fixed light intensity of 160 ± 2.5 µmol m−2 s−1 and photoperiod of 12 h d−1. The best performances were associated with the spectrum that combined B + R + W LEDs and with substrate resulting from the cocopeat–sand mix, including the highest yield (19.19 g plant−1), plant height (9.94 cm), leaf area (68.11 mm2) and canopy cover (55.9%). Enhanced carotenoid and flavonoid contents were obtained with B + R + W LEDs, while the B LED increased the total amount of chlorophyll (11,880 mg kg−1). For plants grown under B + R + W LEDs in cocopeat, high nitrate levels were observed. Our results demonstrate that substrate and light environment interact to influence the growth, yield and concentration of bioactive compounds of B. carinata microgreens.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Light Quantity and Quality on Horticultural Crops)
Open AccessFeature PaperArticle
Sweet Cherry Fruit Firmness Evaluation Using Compression Distance Methods
by
Maria Karageorgiadou, Maria Rodovitou, Elpida Nasiopoulou, Vaia Styliani Titeli and Michail Michailidis
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 435; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050435 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Flesh firmness in sweet cherries is determined using the measurement of normalized deformation force, i.e., determining the required force for a distance equal to 5 or 10% of the diameter of the cherries per millimeter. However, a firmness method involving a defined distance
[...] Read more.
Flesh firmness in sweet cherries is determined using the measurement of normalized deformation force, i.e., determining the required force for a distance equal to 5 or 10% of the diameter of the cherries per millimeter. However, a firmness method involving a defined distance is quite simple and suitable for easy applications. Hence, our study focuses on the impact of fruit physiology under various and fixed distances. To assess the firmness evaluation, two sweet cherry cultivars (Canada Giant and Regina) were selected and subjected to three different levels of compression distance equal to 1%, 5%, 10% of the fruit’s small thickness dimension along with a consistent compression distance of 0.16 mm. There was a strong correlation between panelists’ preferences and the fruit that had been subjected to both a 1% deformation force and a fixed distance of 0.16 mm within each cultivar. Physiological traits, membrane integrity, and the metabolome of the fruit in these categories were mostly unaffected by the control (0%), or 1%, deformation force, as shown by clustering and PCA analysis. The control and 1% deformation force groups showed similar patterns, contrary to those of the 5% and 10% deformation force groups. Given these considerations, a fixed distance of 0.16 mm and a minimal 1% deformation force possess the potential to be employed and implemented for monitoring the firmness of sweet cherries during postharvest preservation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advancements in Postharvest Fruit Quality and Physiological Mechanism)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Olive Anthracnose in Portugal Is Still Mostly Caused by Colletotrichum nymphaeae, but C. acutatum Is Spreading and C. alienum and C. cigarro Are Reported for the First Time
by
Ana Cabral, Teresa Nascimento, Helena G. Azinheira, Andreia Loureiro, Pedro Talhinhas and Helena Oliveira
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050434 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Olive anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum fungi, is responsible for major fruit yield losses and poor olive oil quality worldwide. In the Mediterranean basin, some Colletotrichum spp. appear to be replacing others, possibly due to climate change and modification in cultural systems. To update
[...] Read more.
Olive anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum fungi, is responsible for major fruit yield losses and poor olive oil quality worldwide. In the Mediterranean basin, some Colletotrichum spp. appear to be replacing others, possibly due to climate change and modification in cultural systems. To update the situation in Portugal, 525 olive groves were surveyed throughout the country over two years, revealing a decrease in disease incidence, associated with scarcer rainfall and new cropping systems using less susceptible cultivars. A collection of 212 isolates was obtained, and phylogenetic analyses using a multi-locus sequencing approach (five and six loci in the acutatum and gloeosporioides species complex, respectively) revealed the presence of seven Colletotrichum species within the collection. Compared to surveys conducted in the first decade of the 21st century, the species composition of olive anthracnose pathogens in Portugal remains mostly unchanged, with C. nymphaeae as the prevalent species, followed by C. godetiae, but with C. acutatum geographically expanding and with C. alienum and C. cigarro being reported for the first time as causal agents of olive anthracnose in Portugal. A close attention to pathogen population shifts, in the context of climate change and modification of cultivation systems, is fundamental for anticipating plant protection measures.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Diagnosis, Management, and Epidemiology of Plant Diseases)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Global Perspectives on the Medicinal Implications of Green Walnut and Its Benefits: A Comprehensive Review
by
Shaikh Ayaz Mukarram, Sangram S. Wandhekar, Abdelhakam Esmaeil Mohamed Ahmed, Szilvia Várallyay, Vinay Kumar Pandey, Prokisch József and Kovács Bela
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050433 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Green walnuts have been valued for their health and medicinal effects for many years. Green walnuts have several bioactive metabolites, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. With previous records of increased inclination towards natural or botanical
[...] Read more.
Green walnuts have been valued for their health and medicinal effects for many years. Green walnuts have several bioactive metabolites, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. With previous records of increased inclination towards natural or botanical sources of therapeutics, green walnuts have regained the uniqueness of therapeutic prominence globally. This comprehensive review provides a deep understanding of the use of green walnut (Juglans regia L.) around the globe and shows its potential pharmacological benefits. It explores the different therapeutic and medicinal uses of green walnuts, including their historical use in traditional medicine throughout different continents and regions, including Asia, Europe, America, Africa, and the Middle East. This review also provides the substantial studies conducted on green walnuts, which investigate the bioactive substances found in various parts of the walnut tree, including the kernel, shell, leaves, shoots, bark, and roots, indulging in their health advantages. It also diversifies the antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, and antihypertensive activities of the green walnut, which clearly shows the prospective use of the walnut in nutraceutical and medicinal applications. This review continues by emphasizing the necessity for further research to focus on and attract global researchers to aim for a detailed understanding of the pharmacological implications of green walnuts and enhance their use in traditional and modern medicine.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medicinals, Herbs, and Specialty Crops)
►▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Rotational Strip Bean and Celery Intercropping Alters the Microbial Community to Improve Crop Yield and Soil Nutrients
by
Shuang Li, Tao Yuan, Musawar Ibrahim and Fengzhi Wu
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050432 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Rotational strip intercropping involves the strategic combination of stubble intercropping and the rotational placement of intercropped strips, which can improve crop yield. Here, we evaluated the effects of rotational strip bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and celery (Apium graveolens L.) intercropping with
[...] Read more.
Rotational strip intercropping involves the strategic combination of stubble intercropping and the rotational placement of intercropped strips, which can improve crop yield. Here, we evaluated the effects of rotational strip bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and celery (Apium graveolens L.) intercropping with bed ratios of 1:1 and 2:2 on crop yield, soil microbial community and nutrition. The 1:1 ratio of rotational strip bean and celery intercropping had a higher yield than the 2:2 ratio. The 1:1 rotational strip intercropping markedly improved the nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus contents of the beans, and the nitrate nitrogen and available potassium contents of the celery. The 2:2 rotational strip intercropping reduced the bacterial α diversity of the beans, and the 1:1 and 2:2 rotational strip intercropping enhanced the fungal α diversity of both the beans and the celery. Both planting patterns also altered the microbial communities found on the bean and celery plants. Microorganisms enriched in the rhizosphere of the bean and celery plants significantly increased the soil nutrient content and yield in the 1:1 rotational strip intercropping, and included the genera Achromobacter, Luteibacter, Stenotrophomonas, Fusarium, Flavobacterium and Preussia in the bean rhizosphere, and Alternaria, Arthrographis and Pluteus, Sphingopyxis and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in the celery rhizosphere.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Protected Culture)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Impact of Wood-Boring Larvae of Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on Mechanical Properties of Vitis vinifera Plants
by
Daniela Ramírez-Lozano, Andrea Antolín-Rodríguez, Guzmán Carro-Huerga, Laura Zanfaño, Pedro A. Casquero, Marcos Guerra, Andrés Juan-Valdés and Álvaro Rodríguez-González
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 431; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050431 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Xylotrechus arvicola represents a significant insect pest impacting Vitis vinifera within the principal wine-producing territories of the Iberian Peninsula. The larvae of this species bore into grapevine wood, resulting in significant structural and biomechanical deterioration to the plant. Compressive and flexural tests were
[...] Read more.
Xylotrechus arvicola represents a significant insect pest impacting Vitis vinifera within the principal wine-producing territories of the Iberian Peninsula. The larvae of this species bore into grapevine wood, resulting in significant structural and biomechanical deterioration to the plant. Compressive and flexural tests were conducted to assess the mechanical properties of wood affected by X. arvicola. Compressive and flexural strength exhibited a decline with the escalation of the Total Damaged Surface Area (TDSA) of the samples, ranging from 0.31% to 0.73% in trunks and from 0.04 to 0.76% in branches, irrespective of the wood moisture content (fresh and dry). The most significant reduction in resistance occurred in affected dry trunks and branches. Notably, the deflection at break for dry samples was lower compared to fresh samples (65.00 and 97.85 mm, respectively). Moreover, the deflection at break for affected fresh samples (164.37 mm) significantly surpassed that of unaffected fresh samples (72.58 mm) and affected dry samples (37.50 mm). It is noteworthy that a higher percentage of TDSA coincided with diminished wood resistance. The percentage of fungal growth symptoms observed in affected wood samples was 66.66% for dry trunks, 75.00% for fresh branches, and 60.00% for dry branches. The damage inflicted by larvae facilitated the spread of grapevine diseases via emergence of holes created by insects upon exiting the wood and through the larval galleries connected to them. This damage also altered the mechanical properties of grapevine plants, with fresh branches exhibiting the most pronounced effects.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Insect Pest Management)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Kaempferia sakolchaii sp. nov. and K. phuphanensis var. viridans var. nov. (Zingiberaceae), Two New Taxa from Northeastern Thailand
by
Piyaporn Saensouk, Surapon Saensouk, Thawatphong Boonma, Sarayut Rakarcha, Pathomthat Srisuk and Vincent O. Imieje
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 430; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050430 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
An examination of the diversity of Zingiberaceae in Thailand led to the discovery of two undescribed taxa within the genus Kaempferia: K. sakolchaii P. Saensouk, Saensouk & Boonma, a newly described species, and K. phuphanensis var. viridans P. Saensouk, Saensouk & Boonma,
[...] Read more.
An examination of the diversity of Zingiberaceae in Thailand led to the discovery of two undescribed taxa within the genus Kaempferia: K. sakolchaii P. Saensouk, Saensouk & Boonma, a newly described species, and K. phuphanensis var. viridans P. Saensouk, Saensouk & Boonma, a novel variety. Additionally, our investigation encompassed the chromosome numbers, karyotypes, and pollen morphological characteristics of these taxa. Both taxa share a chromosome number of 2n = 22, accompanied by distinctive karyotype patterns. Kaempferia sakolchaii displays a karyotype of 12m + 10sm chromosomes, while K. phuphanensis var. viridans presents a karyotype of 10m + 10sm + 2st chromosomes. The pollen grains of K. sakolchaii and K. phuphanensis var. viridans are monads, spheroidal in shape, radially symmetrical, apolar, inaperturate, and exine sculpturing irregularly arranged elongated ornamentation elements with verrucate features. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the taxonomic classification of these two taxa, enriching our understanding of Zingiberaceae diversity in Thailand.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Phenolic, Amino Acid, Mineral, and Vitamin Contents during Berry Development in ‘Italia’ and ‘Bronx Seedless’ Grape Cultivars
by
Harlene Hatterman-Valenti, Ozkan Kaya, Turhan Yilmaz, Fadime Ates and Metin Turan
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 429; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050429 - 23 Apr 2024
Abstract
Understanding the variations in amino acids, phenolic compounds, elements, and vitamins between grape varieties is essential for optimizing grape production, fine-tuning dietary recommendations, and harnessing the health potential of grapes. In this regard, this comprehensive study investigated the compositional diversity of two distinct
[...] Read more.
Understanding the variations in amino acids, phenolic compounds, elements, and vitamins between grape varieties is essential for optimizing grape production, fine-tuning dietary recommendations, and harnessing the health potential of grapes. In this regard, this comprehensive study investigated the compositional diversity of two distinct table grape cultivars, ‘Bronx Seedless’ and ‘Italia’, at various critical phenological stages (BBCH-77, -79, -81, -83, -85, and -89). The research findings demonstrated remarkable differences in the concentrations of key nutritional components. Bronx Seedless consistently exhibited higher levels of several amino acids, including glutamate, phenylalanine, and aspartate with concentrations reaching 49.6, 52.7, and 24.8 pmol μL−1, respectively, in contrast to Italia. Regarding phenolic compounds, Italia emerged as the richer source, with concentrations notably higher for compounds such as vanillic acid (18.2 µg g−1 FW) and gallic acid (37.4 µg g−1 FW). Mineral analysis revealed variable concentrations, with Italia grapes containing higher levels of Fe (91.0 mg/kg) compared to Bronx Seedless (87.1 mg/kg); however, Bronx Seedless had slightly elevated levels of K (31,089 mg/kg) compared to Italia (28,184 mg/kg). Concidering vitamins, Italia grapes showcased superior levels of Vitamin B1 (14.1 mg/100 g FW) and Vitamin A (11.0 mg/100 g FW), while Bronx Seedless had higher concentrations of Vitamin B6 (29.5 mg/kg), C (3.9 mg/100 g FW) and Vitamin B2 (36.9 mg/100 g FW). Principal component analysis (PCA) elucidated complex relationships within these components, offering insights into potential correlations and interactions. The heatmap visualization further indicated the concentration gradients across various samples, unveiling the intricate nutritional profiles of these grape cultivars. This research can aid grape growers and consumers in making informed decisions about grape cultivars and their corresponding health advantages.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Physiology Studies in Fruit Development and Ripening)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Profile of SWEETs Gene Family in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)
by
Linjing Zhong, Shuya Xu, Chenchen Song, Ning Zhao, Zhiqi Yang, Yanxiang Liu, Xiaoyue Cui, Jianxia Zhang, Zhi Li, Xiping Wang and Min Gao
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 428; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050428 - 23 Apr 2024
Abstract
SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually Be Exported Transporter) proteins, identified recently as a novel class of sugar transporters, play pivotal roles in the transport and distribution of photosynthetic products in plants. They are integral to physiological processes such as response to biotic and abiotic
[...] Read more.
SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually Be Exported Transporter) proteins, identified recently as a novel class of sugar transporters, play pivotal roles in the transport and distribution of photosynthetic products in plants. They are integral to physiological processes such as response to biotic and abiotic stress, growth and development, and fruit quality formation. In this study, leveraging the latest grapevine genomic data, we identified 18 members of the grapevine SWEET family and named them based on their homologs in Arabidopsis. We conducted a detailed analysis of these protein-encoding genes, focusing on their structure, conserved domains, and phylogenetic relationships. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the grapevine SWEET family members could be categorized into four clades, with the majority of members displaying relatively conserved gene structures and motifs. Chromosomal localization and homology analysis indicated an uneven distribution of VvSWEETs across 11 chromosomes, with evidence of two segmental duplication events during evolution. Furthermore, we investigated the transcription levels of SWEET genes across different tissues, organs, and developmental stages of fruit, as well as their response patterns under abiotic stress (drought, cold, and salt stress) and biotic stress (Botrytis cinerea infection). Expression profiling demonstrated strong tissue-specificity and temporal-spatial specificity of VvSWEETs, correlated with their respective clades. It is noteworthy that the expression levels of most members within Clade 1 of the VvSWEET gene family, especially VvSWEET1, were markedly upregulated in response to a broad range of stress conditions. Our results provide a comprehensive bioinformatic characterization and analysis of the grapevine SWEET gene family, unveiling the potential functions of grapevine SWEET genes and offering a vital reference for further functional studies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genetics, Genomics, Breeding, and Biotechnology (G2B2))
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Organic Fertilizers and Bio-Waste for Sustainable Soil Management to Support Crops and Control Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Mediterranean Agroecosystems: A Review
by
Giuseppe Badagliacca, Giorgio Testa, Stefano Giovanni La Malfa, Valeria Cafaro, Emilio Lo Presti and Michele Monti
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 427; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050427 - 23 Apr 2024
Abstract
Agriculture is facing several challenges related to its sustainability. In this regard, the need to reduce its environmental impact related to the use of synthetic inputs and its potential role in mitigating global warming and climate change call for a review of crop
[...] Read more.
Agriculture is facing several challenges related to its sustainability. In this regard, the need to reduce its environmental impact related to the use of synthetic inputs and its potential role in mitigating global warming and climate change call for a review of crop management. In this context, and in the framework of achieving sustainable development goals, the use of organic fertilizers and bio-waste represents a valuable contribution to the agricultural transition towards a bioeconomy model by reducing the negative impacts of waste disposal. Farmyard manure, composts, digestate from agrifood processes, and biochar are, among organic fertilizers, commonly used to manage soils and support crop growth. These fertilizers can provide essential nutrients, improve structure, and enhance microbial activity, thus increasing soil fertility and agriculture sustainability. While organic fertilizers offer the benefits of soil fertility and plant nutrition, their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is complex and varies depending on factors such as fertilizer type, soil conditions, and management practices. Although organic fertilizers may initially increase GHG emissions, they often lead to carbon sequestration in soils highlighting a negative C balance. Additionally, organic fertilizers promote a reduction in fossil fuel consumption used for synthetic fertilizer production, further contributing to GHG emissions’ reduction. Therefore, while organic fertilizers pose challenges in managing GHG emissions, their various benefits warrant careful consideration and strategic implementation in agricultural systems.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Strategies and Practices for Soil Fertility Management)
Open AccessArticle
The Effect of Biotic Stress in Plant Species Induced by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’—An Artificial Neural Network Approach
by
Ivica Djalovic, Petar Mitrovic, Goran Trivan, Aleksandra Jelušić, Lato Pezo, Elizabet Janić Hajnal and Tatjana Popović Milovanović
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 426; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050426 - 23 Apr 2024
Abstract
Infections with phytoplasma present one of the most significant biotic stresses influencing plant health, growth, and production. The phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infects a variety of plant species. This pathogen impacts the physiological and morphological characteristics of plants causing stunting, yellowing, leaf
[...] Read more.
Infections with phytoplasma present one of the most significant biotic stresses influencing plant health, growth, and production. The phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infects a variety of plant species. This pathogen impacts the physiological and morphological characteristics of plants causing stunting, yellowing, leaf curling, and other symptoms that can lead to significant economic losses. The aim of this study was to determine biochemical changes in peony (Paeonia tenuifolia L.), mint (Mentha × piperita L.), and dill (Anethum graveolens L.) induced by ‘Ca. Phytoplasma solani’ in Serbia as well as to predict the impact of the biotic stress using artificial neural network (ANN) modeling. The phylogenetic position of the Serbian ‘Ca. Phytoplasma solani’ strains originated from the tested hosts using 16S rRNA (peony and carrot strains) and plsC (mint and dill strains) sequences indicated by their genetic homogeneity despite the host of origin. Biochemical parameters significantly differed in asymptomatic and symptomatic plants, except for total anthocyanidins contents in dill and the capacity of peony and mint extracts to neutralize superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, respectively. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed a correlation between different chemical parameters and revealed a clear separation among the samples. Based on the ANN performance, the optimal number of hidden neurons for the calculation of TS, RG, PAL, LP, NBT, •OH, TP, TT, Tflav, Tpro, Tant, DPPH, and Car was nine (using MLP 8-9-13), as it produced high r2 values (1.000 during the training period) and low SOS values. Developing an effective early warning system for the detection of plant diseases in different plant species is critical for improving crop yield and quality.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Diagnosis, Management, and Epidemiology of Plant Diseases)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Appropriate Nitrogen Application for Alleviation of Soil Moisture-Driven Growth Inhibition of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench))
by
Shenghui Xu, Yunxiang Huang, Renlian Zhang, Li Niu and Huaiyu Long
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050425 - 23 Apr 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Uneven rainfall, in the context of global warming, can cause soil moisture fluctuations (SMFs) that harm crop growth, and it is not yet known whether nitrogen (N) can mitigate the harm caused by a strong SMF. This paper uses okra as a test
[...] Read more.
Uneven rainfall, in the context of global warming, can cause soil moisture fluctuations (SMFs) that harm crop growth, and it is not yet known whether nitrogen (N) can mitigate the harm caused by a strong SMF. This paper uses okra as a test subject and sets three SMFs of 45–55% FC (W1), 35–65% FC (W2), and 25–75% FC (W3) and three N applications of 0 kg hm−2 (N0), 110 kg hm−2 (N1), and 330 kg hm−2 (N2) to investigate the effects of SMF and N application on the physiological and biochemical aspects of okra. The results demonstrated that okra exhibited the highest values in stem diameter, number of leaves, photosynthesis characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity, and yield under the N1 treatment. The average yield in the N1 treatment was 149.8 g, significantly surpassing the average yields of the N0 (129.8 g) and N3 (84.0 g) treatments. Stomatal density, antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde content, and proline content in okra leaves were highest in the W3 treatment, indicating that plants experienced stress in the W3 treatment. However, the agronomic traits and yields of okra in the N1 treatment were higher than those in the N0 and N1 treatments, indicating that the crop damage caused by W3 could be mitigated by an appropriate amount of N application. The N1W1 treatment emerged as the most suitable combination for okra growth in this study, exhibiting the highest stem diameter, leaf count, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield (201.3 g). Notably, this yield was 67.8% higher than the lowest treatment (N2W3), signifying a significant improvement.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Analysis of the Antioxidant Mechanism of Ozone Treatment to Extend the Shelf Life and Storage Quality of ‘Korla’ Fragrant Pears Based on Label-Free Proteomics
by
Shaohua Lin, Xiaojun Zhang, Mo Li, Na Zhang, Chenghu Dong, Haipeng Ji, Pufan Zheng, Zhaojun Ban, Xing Mei, Changyu Gu and Cunkun Chen
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 424; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050424 - 23 Apr 2024
Abstract
In this study, the physiological indicators, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and activities and expressions of key enzymes related to ROS metabolism were monitored to explore the mechanism of ozone treatment on the shelf life of postharvest Korla fragrant pears. The results show
[...] Read more.
In this study, the physiological indicators, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and activities and expressions of key enzymes related to ROS metabolism were monitored to explore the mechanism of ozone treatment on the shelf life of postharvest Korla fragrant pears. The results show that postharvest fragrant pears treated with ozone had a higher firmness and lower weight loss rate and decay rate during their shelf life, especially in the late stage. Ozone treatment could also delay the occurrence of the respiratory peak and reduce the peak value. The generation rate of superoxide anion (O2−), the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level were reduced in the ozone-treated group, while the activities of key enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), related to ROS metabolism in postharvest fragrant pears were stimulated by ozone treatment, especially in the middle and late stages of shelf life. Analysis of the proteomics results indicates that the POD family enzymes were the main target protein in postharvest fragrant pears treated by ozone during the middle and late stages of shelf life. The activity and expression of antioxidant-related enzymes in postharvest fragrant pears were stimulated by ozone to accelerate the metabolism of ROS and maintain high quality, especially in the middle and late shelf lives.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postharvest Physiology and Disease of Fruits, Volume II)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Traditional Foods as a Way to Preserve the Genetic Diversity of the Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) in Tunisia
by
Olfa Saddoud Debbabi, Mounira Ben Slimane, Rym Bouhlal Ben Hadj Alouane, Cinzia Montemurro, Hager Snoussi and Monica Marilena Miazzi
Horticulturae 2024, 10(4), 423; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10040423 - 22 Apr 2024
Abstract
Tunisia has a long tradition of viticulture, and the grapevine is used for a variety of traditional foods. The country has traditional plant-based dishes, which may have different compositions and names depending on the region of origin. Unfortunately, over the years, traditional preparations
[...] Read more.
Tunisia has a long tradition of viticulture, and the grapevine is used for a variety of traditional foods. The country has traditional plant-based dishes, which may have different compositions and names depending on the region of origin. Unfortunately, over the years, traditional preparations are no longer as popular as they used to be, due to both changing lifestyles and the introduction of new crops and foods. For example, the use of grapevine in traditional dishes has declined as traditions have been lost and habits have changed in favor of new, ready-to-eat foods. The close link between grapevine, culture and territory requires an appropriate evaluation and characterization of traditional foods in order to enhance and extend their use, ensure their sustainability and preserve the varieties used to produce them. This review analyzes the use of local grapevine varieties in different traditional dishes as a means to preserve an invaluable natural and cultural resource and heritage.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Mediterranean Biodiversity)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Journal Menu
► ▼ Journal Menu-
- Horticulturae Home
- Aims & Scope
- Editorial Board
- Reviewer Board
- Topical Advisory Panel
- Instructions for Authors
- Special Issues
- Topics
- Sections & Collections
- Article Processing Charge
- Indexing & Archiving
- Editor’s Choice Articles
- Most Cited & Viewed
- Journal Statistics
- Journal History
- Journal Awards
- Society Collaborations
- Conferences
- Editorial Office
Journal Browser
► ▼ Journal BrowserHighly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
22 April 2024
Interview with Dr. László Csambalik—Winner of the Horticulturae 2023 Outstanding Reviewer Award
Interview with Dr. László Csambalik—Winner of the Horticulturae 2023 Outstanding Reviewer Award
19 April 2024
Interview with Dr. Coral Ortiz—Winner of the Horticulturae 2023 Outstanding Reviewer Award
Interview with Dr. Coral Ortiz—Winner of the Horticulturae 2023 Outstanding Reviewer Award
Topics
Topic in
Agronomy, Beverages, Fermentation, Horticulturae, Plants
Grapevine Facing Climate Change: From Land, through Plants to Grapes and Wine
Topic Editors: Othmane Merah, Ana Fernandes De Oliveira, Daniela Satta, Mario Cunha, Jesus Yuste, Jalloul BouajilaDeadline: 30 June 2024
Topic in
Agriculture, Agronomy, Forests, Gastronomy, Grasses, Horticulturae, Sustainability
Mediterranean Biodiversity
Topic Editors: Luigi De Bellis, Genuario Belmonte, Massimiliano Renna, Elena Ciani, Monica Marilena Miazzi, Andrea PieroniDeadline: 15 September 2024
Topic in
Agronomy, Horticulturae, IJPB, Life, Plants
Effects of Climate Change on Viticulture (Grape)
Topic Editors: Arif Atak, Andreia Figueiredo, Inmaculada Pascual, Fermin MoralesDeadline: 31 December 2024
Topic in
Agronomy, Crops, Forests, Horticulturae, Plants
Plants Nutrients, 2nd Volume
Topic Editors: Georgia Ntatsi, Maurizio BadianiDeadline: 31 January 2025
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Horticulturae
Sustainable Fertilization and Irrigation Management in Horticulture
Guest Editors: Tongyin Li, Guihong Bi, Qianwen ZhangDeadline: 26 April 2024
Special Issue in
Horticulturae
Green Roofs, Green Walls, Urban Greenhouses and Hi-Tech City Landscape for Sustainability
Guest Editors: Carlo Alberto Campiotti, Carlo Bibbiani, Arianna LatiniDeadline: 10 May 2024
Special Issue in
Horticulturae
Indoor Farming and Artificial Cultivation
Guest Editors: Alberto Pardossi, Luca Incrocci, Martina PuccinelliDeadline: 15 May 2024
Special Issue in
Horticulturae
Gene Expressions in Response to Diseases, Abiotic Stresses and Pest Damage of Horticultural Products
Guest Editors: Giuliana Maddalena, Annamaria Mincuzzi, Francesca Garganese, Antonio IppolitoDeadline: 31 May 2024
Topical Collections
Topical Collection in
Horticulturae
Postharvest Handling of Horticultural Crops
Collection Editors: Maria Dulce Carlos Antunes, Custódia Maria Luís Gago, Adriana Guerreiro
Topical Collection in
Horticulturae
New Challenges in Productivity of Berry Fruits
Collection Editors: Christopher M. Menzel, Anita Sønsteby
Topical Collection in
Horticulturae
New Advances in Fruit Quality: Pre-harvest Techniques and Postharvest Management
Collection Editors: Alessio Allegra, Giuseppe Sortino
Topical Collection in
Horticulturae
Recent Advances in Hydroponic and Aquaponic Research
Collection Editor: Michael Timmons