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  • Articles  (4,134)
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  • Articles  (4,134)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-05-01
    Description: The genomic Replikin Count of all the sequences on Pubmed of different strains of tuberculosis were analyzed. The lowest Counts occurred with species within the lowest drug resistance, the highest Counts with sequences of the highest drug resistance and lethality.
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-0357
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Geosciences , Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-04-05
    Description: “A disruptive innovation is an innovation that helps create a new market and value network, and eventually goes on to disrupt an existing market and value network (over a few years or decades), displacing an earlier technology. The term is used in business and technology literature to describe innovations that improve a product or service in ways that the market does not expect.” -WikipediaOn April 3rd, 2012 Nature Precedings, Nature Publishing Group’s experiment in free pre-print publishing was shut down and no longer accepts submissions. According to the Nature Precedings website it was created in 2007 as “a place for researchers to share documents, including presentations, posters, white papers, technical papers, supplementary findings, and non-peer-reviewed manuscripts.” It was designed to “provide a rapid means for scientists to share preliminary findings, disseminate emerging results, solicit community feedback, and claim priority over discoveries.” It was designed in a way to “make such material easy to archive, share and cite.” Now that Nature Precedings is no more, a new disruptive open data-sharing platform (ODSP) for the life sciences is needed. Based, in part, by the model Nature Precedings established. Here I propose 5 qualities of an ideal ODSP and outline 10 benefits (see Table 1) to scientists for embracing such a potentially disruptive model.
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-0357
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Geosciences , Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-04-05
    Description: Innovative molecular tools allow neuroscientists to study neural circuitry associated with specific behaviors. Consequently, behavioral methods must be developed to interface with these new molecular tools in order for neuroscientists to identify the causal elements underlying behavior and decision-making processes. Here we present an apparatus and protocol for a novel Go/No-Go behavioral paradigm to study the brain attention and motivation/reward circuitry in awake, head-restrained rodents. This experimental setup allows: (1) Painless and stable restraint of the head and body; (2) Rapid acquisition to simple or complex operant tasks; (3) Repeated electrophysiological single and multiple unit recordings during ongoing behavior; (4) Pharmacological and viral manipulation of various brain regions via targeted guide cannula, and; (5) Optogenetic cell-type specific activation and silencing with simultaneous electrophysiological recording. In addition to the experimental advantages, the head-restraint system is relatively inexpensive and training parameters can be easily modulated to the specifications of the experimenter. The system runs on custom LabView software. In summary, our novel apparatus and protocol allows researchers to study and manipulate components of behavior, such as motivation, impulsivity, and reward-related working memory during an ongoing operant behavioral task without interference from non task-related behaviors. For more information on the custom apparatus, software or to collaborate please visit www.neuro-cloud.net/nature-precedings/dolzani.
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-0357
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Geosciences , Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-04-05
    Description: The genomes of all groups of viruses whose sequences are listed on Pubmed, specimens since 1918, analyzed by a software from Bioradar UK Ltd., contain Replikins which range in concentration from a Replikin Count (number of Replikins per 100 amino acids) of less than 1 to 30 (see accompanying communications for higher Counts in tuberculosis, malaria, and cancer, associated with higher lethality). Counts of less than 4.0 were found in ‘resting’ virus states; Counts greater than 4.0, found to be associated with rapid replication, were found invariably to accompany or to predict virus outbreaks, by as much as two years, in viral hosts examined from salmon, to birds, to livestock, to humans. X-ray diffraction showed Replikins to be on the surface of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza and to spread as the Count increased from 3.2 to 10.1, prior to, then during, the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. The degree of lethality of these outbreaks was found to be a function of the statistically significant increase in Replikin Count, particularly in the influenza polymerase gene p B1 or its equivalent in other viruses. Prediction up to two years in advance of the outbreak, and the geographic location of the outbreak, now done in 7/7 trials (see Bogoch, Nature Precedings), has permitted the solid phase synthesis of Replikin vaccines in 7 days, with time to permit manufacture, adequate testing for safety and efficacy, and distribution freeze-dried to all populations. These completely synthetic Replikins vaccines so far have been shown to be effective against Taura Syndrome virus in shrimp, and H5N1 in chickens. Thus for the first time this new technology provides the practical possibility to prevent pandemics rather than just to react to them.
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-0357
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Geosciences , Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-04-05
    Description: We provide the first formalization true to the best of our knowledge to the problem of finding bicliques in a directed graph. The problem is addressed employing a two-stage approach based on an existing biclustering algorithm. This novel problem is useful in several biological applications of which we focus only on analyzing the viral-host protein interaction graphs. Strong and significant bicliques of HIV-1 and human proteins are derived using the proposed methodology, which provides insights into some novel regulatory functionalities in case of the acute immunodeficiency syndrome in human.
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-0357
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Geosciences , Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2012-04-05
    Description: Analysis of the electron salvation process data indicates that the electron transfer between the electron donor and acceptor is hindered by the electron salvation process. It is proposed that the electron transfer in the cell environment must be assisted by intermediate messenger called the “transport protein”.
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-0357
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Geosciences , Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2012-04-05
    Description: TRPC   channels   have   been   implicated   in   social   behaviors   (TRPC4)   and   anxiety   (TRPC5).   TRPC1   channels   are   widely  expressed  in  the  mammalian  brain.  TRPC1  subunits  form  heteromultimeric  channels  with  TRPC3,  4,  and   5  subunits  that  are  activated  following  Gq-­coupled  signaling  cascades.  Robust  expression  of  TRPC1  was  found   in  the  corticolimbic  areas  of  the  brain  including  the  prefrontal  cortex  (PFC),  striatum,  hippocampus  (HIP),  and  lateral septum (LS). Knock-out of TRPC1 in the brain was confirmed via immunoblots. Real-time  PCR  experiments  show  no  compensation  in  the  PFC  by  other  TRPC  channels  following  loss  of  TRPC1.  The   dense  expression  of  the  TRPC1  channels  in  the  PFC,  LS  and  HIP  led  us  to  examine  behaviors  associated  with   those  regions.  Here  we  show  no  differences  in  cocaine  mediated  behaviors  in  TRPC1-­/-­  compared  to  +/+  mice.
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-0357
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Geosciences , Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-04-05
    Description: Genomic Replikin Counts predict both the increase and the decrease of lethality of malaria
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-0357
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Geosciences , Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2012-04-05
    Description: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease with fatal outcome. Although the disease-causing gene (huntingtin) has been known for some time, the exact cause of neuronal cell death is still unknown. One potential mechanism contributing to the massive loss of neurons in the brain of HD patients might be the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is activated by accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER). As an adaptive response to counter-balance accumulation of un- or misfolded proteins, the UPR upregulates transcription of chaperones, temporarily attenuates new translation, and activates protein degradation via the proteasome. However, it is known that persistent ER stress and activated UPR can cause cell death by triggering of apoptosis. Nevertheless, the evidence linking UPR with HD progression remains inconclusive. Here, we present first analyses of UPR activation during HD based on available expression data. To elucidate the potential role of UPR as a disease-relevant process, we examine its connection to cell death and inflammatory processes. Due to the complexity of these molecular mechanisms, a systems biology approach was pursued.
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-0357
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Geosciences , Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-04-05
    Description: Those cancers, like thyroid and pancreatic cancer, with the lowest 5-year mortality rates, have Replikin Counts of about 20; lung and brain cancers, with the highest 5-year mortality rates, have Replikin Counts of 275 and 325 respectively; the others fall in between with approximate linearity. This is the first quantitative relationship of a genomic structure, Replikins, to 5-year mortality rates.
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-0357
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Geosciences , Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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