ALBERT

Anmerkung: Fairbanks, Univ., Diss. 1991 , Contents: Acknowledgements. - 1 Introduction and Literature Review. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Literature Review. - 1.2.1 Solute Redistribution and Heat Flow During the Solidification of Metals. - 1.2.2 Brine Movement in Ice Grown from a Saline Solution. - 1.2.2.1 Summary of Solute Movement in Ice Grown from a Saline Solution. - 1.2.3 Solute Movement and Heat Flow in Freezing Coarse-Grained Saline Soils. - 1.2.3.1 Experimental Studies. - 1.2.3.2 Theoretical Studies. - 1.2.3.3 Summary of Solute Movement and Heat Flow During Freezing in Coarse-Grained Saline Soils. - 1.3 Summary of Solute Redistribution During a Change in Phase. - 1.4 Dissertation Objective. - 2 Experimental Methods. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 Literature Review. - 2.3 Design and Construction of the Freezing Apparatus. - 2.3.1 Environmental Chamber. - 2.3.2 Sand Filled Box Construction. - 2.3.3 Measurement of Temperature Within the Freezing Apparatus. - 2.4 Preparation and Operation of the Freezing Apparatus. - 2.4.1 Preparation of the Freezing Apparatus. - 2.4.1.1 Preparation of the Sand Box. - 2.4.1.2 Preparation of the Sand Columns. - 2.4.2 Operation of the Freezing Apparatus. - 2.4.2.1 Equilibration of the Freezing apparatus. - 2.4.2.2 Start of a Freezing Experiment . - 2.4.2.3 Monitoring the Freezing Experiment. - 2.5 Salt Fingering Experiment. - 2.6 Summar. - 3 Analytical Methods. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.2 Labaratory Analysis. - 3.3 Data Reduction. - 3.3.1 Bulk Salinity. - 3.3.2 Gravimetric Water Content. - 3.3.3 Physical Properties of the Unfrozen Solution. - 3.4 Summary. - 4 Results. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Soil Description and Freezing Test Summary. - 4.2.1 Soil Description. - 4.2.2 Freezing Test Summary. - 4.3 Experimental Results and Discussion. - 4.3.1 Measured Results. - 4.3.2 Calculated Results. - 4.3.3 Salt Fingering Experiment. - 4.4 Summary. - 5 Interpretation. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 Interpretation of the Experimental Results. - 5.2.1 Conditions Prior to the Onset of Convection. - 5.2.2 Conditions After the Onset of Convection. - 5.3 Stability of a Freezing Viscous Fluid in a Vertical Tube. - 5.3.1 Effect of Throughfiow on the Fluid Stability. - 5.4 Solute Redistribution During Freezing. - 5.4.1 Development . - 5.4.2 Maximum Amount of Solute Redistribution During Freezing. - 5.5 Pore Fluid Velocity During Convection. - 5.5.1 Bounds on the Pore Fluid Velocities. - 5.5.2 Pore Fluid Velocity Based on Solute Movement. - 5.5.3 Interpretation of Pore Fluid Velocities. - 5.6 Summary. - 6 Conclusions, Potential Applications and Areas of Future Research Needs. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 Interpretation Summary. - 6.2.1 Experimental Observations. - 6.2.2 Results. - 6.2.2.1 Results Prior to the Onset of Convection. - 6.2.2.2 Conditions After the Onset of Convection. - 6.2.2.3 Theoretical Results. - 6.2.3 Summary. - 6.3 Potential Applications to Natural Freezing. - 6.3.1 Limitations of the Experimental Apparatus. - 6.3.2 Application of the Experimental Results to Natural Freezing Situations. - 6.3.3 Summary. - 6.4 Recommendation for Areas of Additional Research. - 6.4.1 The lnfluence of the Thawed Region on the Stability of the Pore Fluid. - 6.4.2 Dynamics of Finger Growth in Freezing Sand. - 6.4.3 Permeability of Partially Frozen Sand. - 6.4.4 Summary. - Bibliography. - A Stability Theory. - A.1 Introduction. - A.2 Permeability of Partially Frozen Sand. - A.3 Base State Conditions. - A.4 Linear Stability Analysis. - B Estimation of Parameter Uncertainty. - B.1 Introduction. - B.2 Uncertainty of the Measured Parameters. - B.3 Uncertainty of the Calculated Parameters. - B.4 Summary. - C Measurement of Permeability. - D Sensor Spacing and Probe Spacing. - E Data Acquisition. - F Definition of Terms and List of Notation.